NewIndustrialRevolution.ppt

1、What Does Industrialized Mean?,The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor to machines. Occurs when countries economies shift from being based mainly on agriculture to manufacturing in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The major countries

2、 involved were Britain, America, Germany, France, and later Japan. It created a major shift of technological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions in the countries that industrialized. There must be certain conditions present in order for industrialization to occur, a country must have: the land/n

3、atural resources to accommodate manufacturing a labor force capital supportive government with a stable economy,Machines were invented which replaced human labor New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene) Some historians place advances

4、 in atomic, solar, and wind energy at the later stages of the Industrial Revolution Increased use of metals and minerals Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.,The Industrial Revolution,The Industrial Revolution,Transportation improved Ships Wooden ships Iron ships Steel ships Wind-powered sails Steam-p

5、owered boilers Trains Automobiles Communication improved Telegraph Telephone Radio,Developments,Mass production of goods Increased numbers of goods Increased diversity of goods produced Development of factory system of production Rural-to-urban migration People left farms to work in cities Developme

6、nt of capitalism Financial capital for continued industrial growth Development and growth of new socio-economic classes Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class Commitment to research and development Investments in new technologies Industrial and governmental interest in promoting in

7、vention, the sciences, and overall industrial growth,Main Idea In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.,A New Kind of Revolution,During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use

8、of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.,A Revolution in Great Britain,Textile Industry Beginning of Industrial Revolution Weaving was a cottage industry Labor performed at home Industrialization transformed this,A Revolution in Textiles,Spinning Jenny,Cotton Gin,Stea

9、m Powers the Revolution,Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry?,Industrialization Spreads,Main Idea The transition from cottage industries ch

10、anged how people worked in factories, what life was like in factory towns, labor conditions, and, eventually, processes within factories.,Factories and Workers,Production before Factories,Factories Major change from cottage industry Had to leave home to work Hardships for some workers,Life in factor

11、y towns Towns grew up around factories Towns, factories rose near coal mines Sanitation poor in many factory towns,Working in a factory or mine Dangerous work for all in factories and mines: working with dangerous heavy machinery Long workdays in textile mills - 10-14 hour workday Poor factory condi

12、tions common in textile mills: unventilated rooms causing pneumonia and TB; in mines: Lung diseases from breathing in coal dust,Factories and Factory Towns,Labor Conditions: Factories,Despite long hours, factory workers earned very little money. Women usually earned only half of what men made. Child

13、 labor was paid the least. Due to limited opportunities for education, children were expected to work. Employers could pay children less despite the fact that they did the same work as adults. Before Child Labor laws were passed, many were forced to work in terrible conditions for lower pay.,Workers

14、 in a New Economy Wealthy to invest in, own factories Mid-level to run factories Low-level to run machines,Changing Labor Conditions No government regulation Labor unions organized Strikes brought change - 1870s: Parliament legalizes workers strikes; Child Labor Laws; Public Health Acts.,Cottage Wor

15、kers Unrest Handmade goods more expensive than factory made Luddite movement, 1811 Violence spread, 1812,New Class of Workers Growth of middle class Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen Economy increased Huge contrast between the rich upper class and the poor laborers,The Factory Sy

16、stem and Workers,The factory system changed the world of work. In addition, new processes further changed how people worked in factories.,Factories and Mass Production,Main Idea The Industrial Revolution inspired new ideas about economics and affected society in many ways.,New Ideas in a New Society,New Ideas about Economics,Not everyone agreed that laissez-faire capitalism was good. Two who took a different stance were Robert Owen and K