意向?qū)I(yè)與就業(yè)解析課程-Te.ppt

1、意向?qū)I(yè)與就業(yè)解析課程TESOL,職業(yè)規(guī)劃部文科組,Contents,TESOL是什么,1,TESOL與教育學(xué),2,學(xué)校對比,3,中美就業(yè)簡介,4,TESOL簡介,正確理解TESOL的含義 TESOL是英文全稱“Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages” 的縮寫，即教授母語為非英語的英語教學(xué)專業(yè)， 翻譯成中文意思就是“對外英語教學(xué)”。TESOL的教學(xué)目的就是教授母語為非英語的英語教學(xué)的方法和理論，提升英語教學(xué)的師資水平。 在全球如果按照英語教學(xué)的對象來劃分的話可分為兩種英語教學(xué)模式，一種是以英語作為母語的英語教學(xué)，類似于中國的中文教學(xué)。 另

2、一種是以英語為非母語的英語教學(xué)，類似于中國的對外漢語教學(xué)。 TESOL 的教學(xué)對象就是針對后者而言， 即對母語為非英語的人的英語教學(xué)。因此，參加TESOL學(xué)習(xí)的人是要求必須有一定的英語水平，通過培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)進而提高其教學(xué)水平， 而非來此進行英文水平的再提高。,TESOL,英語教學(xué)的對象依學(xué)生的母語可分成兩群: 英語是母語的人(如美國人,英國人,加拿大人)和英語非母語的人(如南美洲人,中國人,法國人). TESOL 的對象是第二群. 因為是“對外”,TESOL 的教學(xué)方法特別考慮到學(xué)生的母語和文化背景. 以中文教學(xué)做比喻,教一個在中國長大的孩子中文和教一個在美國長大的孩子中文,方法當(dāng)然是不一樣的.

3、特別要澄清的是: TESOL 的主題是“如何教英語”而不是“如何學(xué)英語”. 取得了外語或外文學(xué)位的人不一定具備了英語教學(xué)的條件.“英語教學(xué)”,尤其是“對外英語教學(xué)”,是一個專業(yè),有它特別的專業(yè)知識.,TESOL的教學(xué)對象,英語是母語的人. (如美國人,英國人,加拿大人),英語教學(xué)的對象,英語非母語的人 (如南美洲人,中國人,法國人).,TESOL、EFL、ESL、ESOL、ELT,TESOL stands for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, and is probably the most general of these

4、terms. 對外英語教學(xué) EFL stands for English as a Foreign Language (TEFL = Teaching English as a Foreign Language), and refers to teaching English in a place where it is not widely spoken; where it is a foreign language. 英語作為外語 ESL stands for English as a Second Language (TESL = Teaching English as a Second

5、 Language), and usually refers to teaching English to non-native English speakers in a country where English is widely spoken (like the U.S.) ESL是English as a Second Language的縮寫，是國際學(xué)生進入美國大學(xué)必修的語言課程。 ESOL stands for English for Speakers of Other Languages and is usually used to refer to teaching ESL i

6、n K-12 public schools in the U.S. 它是為不是以英語為母語國家的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備學(xué)習(xí)（一般“K12”是指從幼兒園（Kindergarten，通常5-6歲）到十二年級（grade 12，通常17-18歲），這兩個年級是美國、澳大利亞及English Canada的免費教育頭尾的兩個年級。 ELT stands for English Language Teaching.,教育學(xué)與TESOL,教育學(xué)相對于TESOL的區(qū)別 教育學(xué)是研究人類教育現(xiàn)象和問題、揭示一般教育規(guī)律的一門社會科學(xué)。教育學(xué)可以是整體也可以是細(xì)分。從宏觀角度來說，教育學(xué)是一個大的概念，它其中包括高等教育學(xué)，

7、基礎(chǔ)教育學(xué)，學(xué)前教育學(xué)，特殊教育學(xué)，比較教育學(xué)，成人教育學(xué)等等。從微觀角度來看，教育學(xué)是一門專門研究教育現(xiàn)象，揭示教育規(guī)律，指導(dǎo)教育實踐的一門學(xué)科，具有很強的理論性和實踐性。 TESOL是“Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages” 的縮寫,中文翻譯是“對外英語教學(xué)” . TESOL 的教學(xué)對象英語非母語國家的人群。 TESOL證書作為一項國際英語教師的職業(yè)資格證書，TESOL已經(jīng)被國際上80多個國家的5000多所學(xué)校認(rèn)可，并在全世界擁有近百個團體會員和14000多名專業(yè)人士。在北美、英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭等英語國家，大部分學(xué)校和語言培訓(xùn)機

8、構(gòu)都認(rèn)可TESOL證書。目前，已經(jīng)有包括中國在內(nèi)的80多個國家和地區(qū)開設(shè)了TESOL課程。 這類專業(yè)故名思議就是teaching English to speakers in other language，主要學(xué)習(xí)的會是包括英語教學(xué)方式，方法，文化區(qū)別以及語言架構(gòu)等之類課程。 所以在一定程度上， 可以說TESOL屬于教育學(xué)的一個類別。 美國一些大學(xué)TESOL在教育類下面，也有的在英語系下面。,美國TESOL專業(yè)排名：,1. 哈佛大學(xué) 【Harvard University (MA)】 加州大學(xué)伯克利分校 【University of CaliforniaBerkeley】 耶魯大學(xué) 【Yale

9、 University (CT)】 4. 普林斯頓大學(xué) 【Princeton University (NJ)】 斯坦福大學(xué) 【Stanford University (CA)】 6. 康奈爾大學(xué) 【Cornell University (NY)】 芝加哥大學(xué) 【University of Chicago】 8. 哥倫比亞大學(xué) 【Columbia University (NY)】 約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)【Johns Hopkins University (MD)】 10. 加州大學(xué)洛杉機分校 【University of CaliforniaLos Angeles】 賓夕法尼亞大學(xué) 【Universi

10、ty of Pennsylvania】,.,12. 杜克大學(xué) 【Duke University (NC)】 密歇根大學(xué)-安娜堡分校 【University of MichiganAnn Arbor】 弗吉尼亞大學(xué) 【University of Virginia】 15. 布朗大學(xué) 【Brown University (RI)】 16. 新澤西州立羅格斯大學(xué) 【Rutgers State UniversityNew Brunswick (NJ)】 加州大學(xué)歐文分校 【University of CaliforniaIrvine】 威斯康星大學(xué)麥迪遜分校 【University of Wiscon

11、sinMadison】 19. 西北大學(xué) 【Northwestern University (IL)】 伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄本那香檳分校 【University of IllinoisUrbana-Champaign】 北卡羅來納大學(xué)教堂山分校 【University of North CarolinaChapel Hill】 德州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校 【University of TexasAustin】 23. 紐約城市大學(xué) 【CUNY Graduate School and University Center】 印地安那大學(xué)伯明頓分校 【Indiana UniversityBloomington】

12、紐約大學(xué) 【New York University】,學(xué)校對比,University of Pennsylvania,Columbia University,Tesol專業(yè)對比,University of Pennsylvania,University of Pennsylvania 賓夕法尼亞大學(xué) 綜合排名：第五名 地理位置：賓夕法尼亞州 賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)，是美國賓夕法尼亞州費城的一所男女同校的私立大學(xué)，也是美國常春藤盟校成員之一。它于1740年由美國著名科學(xué)家和政治家、獨立宣言起草人之一本杰明富蘭克林創(chuàng)辦，當(dāng)時為一所慈善學(xué)校。 賓大現(xiàn)已成為擁有12所學(xué)院，幾百個系、研究所和研究中心的世界一流

13、研究性大學(xué)。在2010年度美國新聞與世界報導(dǎo)雜志對全美大學(xué)進行的評估中，賓大被列為第6所美國最好的綜合性大學(xué)，與加州理工并列。,University of Pennsylvania 賓夕法尼亞大學(xué),Graduate School of Education Building 教育學(xué)院,學(xué)院及專業(yè)設(shè)置,Graduate School of Education 網(wǎng)址：/ 專業(yè)設(shè)置：Programs at a Glance Applied Psychology - Human Development Foundations and Practices of

14、 Education Higher Education Language and Literacy in Education Policy, Measurement and Evaluation Teacher Preparation Programs Executive Programs Other Programs Undergraduate Options Non-Degree Options,Which Degree? Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.), Master of Science (M.S.), Master of Philos

15、ophy in Education (M.Phil.Ed.), Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees, along with some certificate and non-degree options.,學(xué)位設(shè)置,1.Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.) 簡介： Interested in advancing your career in education practice or related fields? You may consider

16、 one of our masters of science in education (M.S.Ed.) degrees. At Penn GSE, our M.S.Ed. programs cover a wide range, everything from school counseling, to teacher education, to language and literacy, to education policy - and many other specialties in between. Our 21 programs will give you a foundat

17、ional knowledge of the field of education and prepare you for professional positions in a broad range of organizations. Many will prepare you for professional certification in your field. Most of these programs can be completed in one year of full-time study. Some include research methods course req

18、uirements and/or completion of a mentorship or field placement. The M.S.Ed. requires a minimum of 10 course units.,Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.),Penn GSE offers the M.S.Ed. degree in: Counseling and Mental Health Services 教育咨詢和身心健康服務(wù) Education, Culture, the elementary grades (grades 1 thr

19、ough 6 or 8); the middle grades (grades 5 through 8); a secondary-education subject area (usually grades 7 through 12); or a special subject, such as reading or music (usually grades kindergarten through 12).,What is this job like?,Teachers teach children to read, write, do math, and much more. They

20、 use games, videos, computers, and other tools to teach children different subjects. Teachers show students skills. They also explain information. Teachers plan their lessons before they teach, which can take a lot of time. Teachers try to make their lessons easy to understand. They teach things in

21、different ways so that different students can learn in the way that is easiest for them. Teachers might use a chalkboard, a projector, or a computer. They make posters or worksheets before class starts. Teachers plan the schedule for the day. Most teachers have to teach what the principal tells them

22、. Teachers also assign homework and class projects. They often have students work together to do projects. When students are not doing as well as they should, teachers help them. After class, teachers grade papers and projects. They also create tests. They write students report cards. And they meet

23、with parents to try to help their children do better in school. Teachers sometimes go to workshops to learn how to teach better. Some teachers also help with sports or other after-school activities.,How do you get ready?,All teachers in public schools must have a teaching certificate and a license t

24、o teach. Some are licensed to teach preschool through grade 3. Others are licensed to teach grades 1 through 6 or 8. Some are licensed to teach middle school or high school. Some have a license to teach a special subject. You must have a college degree to be a teacher, unless you are teaching a job

25、skill like how to fix cars. You must take classes in education and practice teaching with the help of an experienced teacher. To be a teacher, you must pass tests in reading, writing, and other subjects. And you have to keep learning. In some States, you have to get a masters degree. You also need c

26、omputer training in some States. Teachers must be able to talk to children and be good leaders. The students must trust them. Teachers must be able to make students want to learn. They also should be organized, dependable, patient, and creative.,薪資待遇,How much does this job pay? In May 2008, elementa

27、ry school teachers had average yearly wages of $52,240. Middle school teachers made an average of $52,570 each year, while high school teachers made $54,390 each year. Special education teachers made slightly more than regular teachers. Some teachers earn extra money during the summer by doing other

28、 jobs.,就業(yè)前景,How many jobs are there? There were 4.5 million jobs for teachers in 2008. They taught in every State. What about the future? Job opportunities for teachers over the next 10 years will vary from good to excellent, depending on the place where they live and the subject they teach. Some sc

29、hools are having trouble finding enough teachers, especially in cities. Today, many schools are looking for math and science teachers as well as teachers who speak a foreign language and who can teach English as a second language. The number of jobs for teachers is expected to increase faster than t

30、he average for all occupations through 2018. Many teachers will retire, creating more job openings.,Earnings,Median annual wages of kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers ranged from $47,100 to $51,180 in May 2008; the lowest 10 percent earned $30,970 to $34,280; the top 10

31、percent earned $75,190 to $80,970. According to the American Federation of Teachers, beginning teachers with a bachelors degree earned an average of $33,227 in the 2005-2006 school year. In 2008, of the majority of all elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers belonged to unionsmainly the Am

32、erican Federation of Teachers and the National Education Associationthat bargain with school systems over salaries, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment. Teachers can boost their earnings in a number of ways. In some schools, teachers receive extra pay for coaching sports and working

33、with students in extracurricular activities. Getting a masters degree or national certification often results in a raise in pay, as does acting as a mentor. Some teachers earn extra income during the summer by teaching summer school or performing other jobs in the school system. Although private school teachers generally earn less than public school teachers, they may be given other benefits, such as free or