初中語(yǔ)法系列連詞.ppt

1、連詞,、連詞: 從屬連詞和并列連詞 （一）從屬連詞：用于連接各種從句的連詞 （二）并列連詞： 并列連詞用來(lái)連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子。常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有： 1.表并列關(guān)系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。 2. 表選擇關(guān)系的or, eitheror等。 3. 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while（然而）等。 4.表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。,5. and: “和”在肯定句中表并列 or: “和”在否定句中表并列 另外：1)or “或者”用于選擇疑問(wèn)句 2)or “否則” eg. .Which do you like better, te

2、a or milk? .Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 6.but “但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折 eg. I listened, but I heard nothing. 注意：1)though(雖然), but(但是)不能連用 2)not but 不是而是 eg. This book isnt mine but yours.,both.and .兩者都；既.又; 連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。注意： both.and .用在否定句中表示部分否定。 例：He cant play both the violin and the piano.他并非既會(huì)演奏小提琴，又會(huì)演奏鋼

3、琴。 neithernor: 既不也不 連接兩主語(yǔ)，就近原則 7. eitheror: 或者或者;連接兩主語(yǔ)，就近原則。Either you and he is wrong. either.or在否定句中表示部分否定，不是.就是; Either you or I am not right.不是你不對(duì)，就是我不對(duì)。 not only but also:不但而且; 連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，就近原則。Not only you but also your mother is kind.,not onlybut also可以和as well as 互換。例：She is not only beautiful but

4、 also kind.= She is kind as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮，而且心地很好。 Both he and I are students. Neither he nor I am a student. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞： 1 that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：表示陳述意義的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)，這時(shí)從句和主句時(shí)態(tài)一致。另一類特征是從句的主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是hope, think; find; be sure等。 The teacher said ( that ) they would have a test next week. I think ( that)

5、you can help me.,2if和whether引導(dǎo)由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)變成的賓語(yǔ)從句。If和whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句可互換。If 一般用于口語(yǔ)，whether用較正式或書面語(yǔ)中。 “Do you know John?” he asked me.= He asked me if/whether I knew John. 但在下列情況中只能用whether而不能用if. 與or not連用時(shí) I dont know whether I should go or not. 在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 I am thinking about whether you can swim.,與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)

6、。 I dont know whether to go. 在主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。 The problem is it is true or not. 在動(dòng)詞discuss引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 They are discussing whether they will have a class meeting. 3 wh-疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 Can you tell me how I can get to the post office? 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。Do you know what time he left for Shanghai last night. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間

7、狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：when; while; as; after; before; since; till/until; as soon as等。 l,when表示當(dāng).的時(shí)候，指的是一點(diǎn)或一段時(shí)間。如：When I arrive there, I will call you。我到那里后，我會(huì)給你打電話。 when表示當(dāng).的時(shí)候，強(qiáng)調(diào)在某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如： When I arrive there, it was raining.當(dāng)我到達(dá)北京時(shí)，天正在下雨。 when表示正在.;就在這時(shí).,其句型是進(jìn)行+when+一般時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí) I was writing to a friend when t

8、he friend entered my room. while表示當(dāng).的時(shí)候，指的是一段時(shí)間而不是一點(diǎn)，用動(dòng)詞的ing.如:I was watching TV , while my father was talking to his friend.,till=until; till表示一直到.為止，直到.才。當(dāng)它與come, go；reach ;leave; finish等表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)部分要用否定形式，如：we wont work till our teacher came to teach us how to do it.當(dāng)它與wait; stay; remain

9、表示持續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用肯定形式：I stayed there till she arrived. Since表示自.到現(xiàn)在，從句一般用過(guò)去時(shí)，主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I havent seen him since he finished his studies. After在.之后，before在.之前 He came to China after the war was over.= The war was over before he came to China. as soon as 一.就；如主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,Ill tell you as s

10、oon as I get the information. As soon as I finished my work, I went out to play. Since表示自.到現(xiàn)在，自從.以來(lái)；since連接的從句常用過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。We have not seen each other since I came here. Its 3 years since I came to Beijing. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；for; as; because; since等。 回答why時(shí)，只能用because.在英語(yǔ)中，用because，就不能用so. Why dont

11、 you go to school ? Because I dont finish homework. /,Since作為“既然，由于；因?yàn)椤睍r(shí)，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，常用與句首，語(yǔ)氣比because弱，不能用來(lái)回答why的問(wèn)句。 Since you are busy, I will go there instead of you. for用于句子主要部分后面。 She doesnt go out, for she is ill.=She doesnt go out because of illness. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：where, wherever等。 Wherever she may be

12、, she will be happy. Please keep sitting where you are.,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if ; unless; so/as long as等。 If you ask him, he will come. I will go there tomorrow unless it rains. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句：that; so that以便; in order that等。 She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.= She took medicine on time

13、in order to get well soon. I will wash the dress so that you can wear it. 注意：so that 放在句中而不能放在句首。 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：so; so.that/such.that如此.以致, 太.以致； that等。 She is so kind that we like her. So.that的so 后接形容詞或副詞，such后面接名詞。 It is so important a match that I cant miss it. It is such an important match that I can

14、t miss it.,即so+ adj/adv+ a/an+ n; such +a/an+ adj+ n We work so hard that we passed the exam.(2006玉林） In the U.S. Many people dont go to bed until twelve oclock.(2007玉林） 當(dāng)名詞由many, much ;few; little修飾時(shí)不用such而用so. He was such a fat man that he couldnt get through the door.= He was so fat that he could

15、nt get through the door. She always eats so much meat. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：though/although; even if/even though; however; whatever; no matter等。,Even if you were here yesterday, you couldnt help him. Though hes old, he still works hard. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句：as; as if/as though等。 He speaks English as if he were an Englishma

16、n. I will do it as you told me. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句：as.as.; not so/as.as; than等。 He works harder than before. His elder sister is as tall as his mother.,易混知識(shí)：if 表示如果，假如時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 ，若主句為將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，if引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。 If we have a meeting, I should go to there early. if 表示為是否時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，一般可與whether互換，從句的時(shí)態(tài)由事實(shí)決定。 I don

17、t know if we will have a meeting. and和or在否定句中的不同用法： 當(dāng)列舉成分是主語(yǔ)并且在否定詞之前時(shí)，用and連接。 Your brother and you cant go home now. 在否定句之后的列舉成分用or連接，構(gòu)成完全否定。 I havent a TV or a computer. 在否定句中，如果所連接的兩部分都有否定詞，用and,而不用or. The book is not new and not old. 在肯定句中，without之后的列舉成分用or連接構(gòu)成完全否定；在否定句中，without之后的列舉成分用and連接構(gòu)成完全否

18、定。 Man will die without air or water.= Man cant live without air and water. 不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句中的連詞： because因?yàn)榕cso因此 Though/although與but 練習(xí) 1 stand over there,_ you will get a better view of the whole city. A or B and C but D though,B,Mr. Black is rich,_ he is not happy. A and B or C but D / 3 My father was preparing for his speech_ my mother was doing some washing last night. A if B while C unless D until 4 I really enjoy your lecture,_ there were some parts I didnt quite understand. A because B unless C though D because 5You wont happy at school_ you get on well with your cl