自然拼讀全冊課件

1、自然拼讀課程,Phonics,Phonics自然發(fā)音法是一套用自然記憶 的方式，建立字母與發(fā)音的直覺音感。不 用借助音標(biāo)，看著字母就可以直接讀出該 詞的發(fā)音，解決單詞不會讀，無法拼的問 題。 簡單說：“自然拼讀法”是教學(xué)生如何看詞讀音或是聽音拼詞的方法。,為什么要學(xué)習(xí)自然拼讀法？,美國斯坦佛大學(xué)曾經(jīng)以計(jì)算機(jī)分析字母與音位的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)17,008個常用詞中 84%的字母與其讀音是完全對應(yīng)的 13%的字母與其讀音是不完全對應(yīng)的 3%的字母與其讀音的對應(yīng)關(guān)系完全無法預(yù)測,自然拼讀法可以幫助學(xué)生,見詞能讀 聽詞能寫 不容易遺忘 提高閱讀和寫作能力,一、同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo),b,/b/,boo

2、k big bag box,/d/,d,desk doll dog dad,f,/f/,fine friend fly foot fan,h,/h/,hat he house hand,j,/ d /,jeep jam jacket jar,k,/k/,kite cake black thank,l,/l/,leg left ruler flag lamp,/l/,apple bowl tell old,m,/m/,am map my mouth,n,/n/,no know new hand,p,/ p /,map jeep pig pea,qu,/kw/,quite quilt quick,

3、同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo),r,/r/,red radio brother racket,/t/,t,it sit not that table little,v,/v/,five vase very seven,w,/w/,we window watch want,x,/ ks /,box six fox,z,/z/,zip zoo,同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo),Vowel,二、開音節(jié)與閉音節(jié),1）音節(jié)按讀音可以分為開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié),開音節(jié)又可以分為絕對開音節(jié)和相對開音節(jié),A. 絕對開音節(jié)：是指一個元音音素后面沒有輔音音素 而構(gòu)成的音節(jié),例如：we, hi, yo-yo, hi, no, be 等,B.

4、 相對開音節(jié)：是指一個元音音素后面有一個輔音音素(除r)之外，最后是一個不發(fā)音的e字母構(gòu)成的音節(jié)，,例如:take, make,閉音節(jié)：指元音字母后面有輔音字母(輔音字母r除外)構(gòu)成的音節(jié),閉音節(jié),元音字母 a, e, i(y), o, u 在重讀閉音節(jié)中分別讀 / /e/ /i/ / /,如 hand, help,lip,gym,hot,club.,II. Magic E,A AT ATE BE BED BEDE HI HID HIDE NO NOT NOTE U US USE,a-e,Magic E (神奇的E),cake take lake make face name page,e-e

5、,these theme eve evening,o-e,nose coke rose rope hope pose,i-e,time five nine white write like lime ride,u-e,cute cube huge tube use,ai,ay 讀/ei/,如 wait, aid；day, may.,ei,ey 讀/ei/,如 veil, weight；grey, they, convey,oa, oe 讀/u/,如 load, coat, toe,三、元音間的字母組合發(fā)音,ue, ui 讀/u:/,如 glue, suit, blue, fruit,ea,ee

6、 讀/i:/,如 eat, cheap；deep, need,ie,(c)ei 讀/i:/,如 field, believe；receive, ceiling,oa 讀/u/,如 road, soap, boat,ue 讀/ju:/,如 Tuesday, value, pursue,元音間的字母組合發(fā)音,四、r音節(jié) 指以字母r或r +輔音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié),在r音節(jié)中：ar 讀/:/, or 讀/:/ er, ir, yr, ur 都讀/:/,注：在/w/音后， ar讀/:/, 如 war,warm,warn； or讀/:/, 如 word,work,world,worse.,元音字母與r aer

7、ial, aeroplane,4. ear,eer 讀/i/如 ear, clear；beer, deer,5. our 讀/au/如 our, sour, hour,6. igh 讀/ai/,如 high, light, might, night,7. augh,ough 讀/:/,如 daughter, caught, taught； ought,fought, thought,8. oul 在 could,should,would 中讀/u/,元音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,九、 幾個非重讀后綴或字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,1. a 在后綴-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中讀/i/，如 palac

8、e,comrade,village,accurate,2. e 在后綴-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中讀/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency,3. i 在后綴-ible中讀/, 如 possible,4. ai,ay,ei,ey 在非重讀音節(jié)中一般弱讀為/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley,十、其他字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,1. -ful 讀/ful/,如 helpful, harmful, useful,2. -gue 讀/g/,如 dialogue, catalogue,3. -que 讀/k/,如 che

9、que, picturesque,4. -ous 讀/s/,如 famous, generous, nervous,5. -our 讀/,如 favour, honour, labour,6. -ure 讀/,如 figure, injure. 但在failure中讀/j/,7. -ow 讀/u/,如 window, yellow, pillow,8. -ture 讀/,如 picture, culture, furniture,9. -ion 讀/n/, 如 fashion, cushion,10. -stion 讀/sn/ , 如 question, sugestion, digestio

10、n,11. -i 在字母 d,t,n,l 后，且在元音字母前，讀/j/。如 audience,frontier,opinion,familar,其他字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,十一、其他讀音規(guī)則,oo,1. 讀/u/,A. 在字母k前（book,look,took）,B. 在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中,C.在派生詞goodness,football,woolen中,2.讀/u:/ 在其余情況下讀/u:/,如: cool,food,loose,room,zoo,3.讀/ / 在flood，blood及其派生詞（flooding,bloodless等）中讀/ /,1. -sure

11、,在元音字母后讀/,如 closure, exposure,在輔音字母后讀/，如 pressure,flexure(x=ks),2. -sion,在元音字母后讀/n/，如 vsion, occasion, divsion,在輔音字母后讀/n/，如 discussion,impression,expansion,3. -ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi 在字母 a,e,o 前讀/,如： ocean； social；Asia；partial；Egyptian；suffcient； patient；prcious；Russian；anxious,其他讀音規(guī)則,十二、其他組合,kn :knit k

12、nob knee knife knock,wr :write wrist wrinkle wrap wreath,mb :bomb thumb lamb numb comb crumb,sp :spell spider spinach spaceship spoon,st :store star storm stamp stockings stick student stand,sc :scale scarf scarecrow scooter scorpion scoop scanner,sk :skirt skunk skis skates,VII. Consonant Blends:,B

13、eginning S-family ( st, sk, sp,) R-family ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr) L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl) Ending N-family ( nt, nd, nk) Others (mp, st) Three letters (scr, spl, str,spr),VII. Consonant Blends:,st:student stone stop sp:speak space spoon sc:scary scarf scar sk:sky skirt skate,S-family

14、 ( st, sk, sp,),VII. Consonant Blends:,bl:block blond hair blouse pl:plum plate plane gl:glue glasses glove cl:clay class clone fl:fly dragonfly butterfly,L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl),VII. Consonant Blends:,br:brown broom brick pr:pray prince princess gr:grape grey grin cr:cry crazy crown,R-fa

15、mily ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr),VII. Consonant Blends:,fr:Friday friend fruit tr:tree track trip dr:driver dream draw,VII. Consonant Blends:,sl:slid slide slow sn:snake snap snail sm:smoke smooth smile sw:swan sweater switch,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,ch:cherry watch beach ck:duck clock blocks sh:

16、sheet ship sheep,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,gh:laugh cough tough ph:trophy photo elephant th:think three thank,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,th:leather weather together wh:whale white wheel wr:wrinkle write wreath,VIIII. Others:,ing:king ring swing ew:new dew nephew all:wall ball tall al:salt walk talk,Tongue twisters（繞口令） 關(guān)于字母組合ee的發(fā)音。 What can you see? I can see a bee. Whe