安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析課件

1、安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,何培松 益瑞石集團(tuán)亞太區(qū)EHS經(jīng)理 2008年6月21日,工作場(chǎng)所的安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Objectives 目標(biāo),Purpose of doing hazard and risk analysis. 理解進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)源和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析的目的 How to evaluate an operations Workplace Hazards and Risk. 掌握如何評(píng)估作業(yè)場(chǎng)所的危險(xiǎn)源和風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Who should be involved in your analysis. 組建危險(xiǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析團(tuán)隊(duì) What to do with the results. 利用分析結(jié)

2、果進(jìn)行持續(xù)改進(jìn),安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Why Really? 意義,It provides a systematic way to analyze the risk in operations in a methodical, proven way. 提供系統(tǒng)可靠的方法分析作業(yè)過(guò)程中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Risk is provided to management in a prioritized manner, the higher the number of risk the riskier the task or job will be. 將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)按優(yōu)先級(jí)順序排列呈送給管理層，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)評(píng)分越高，任務(wù)或作業(yè)

3、的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越高,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Why Really? 意義,The process provides to management a picture of the real risk of injury, not what the “gut” tells you it is, or what our employee thinks it is. 這一過(guò)程給管理層提供明晰的傷害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而不是就事論事的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或我們員工的主觀想像 It helps you identify the elephants 它可以幫助我們識(shí)別風(fēng)險(xiǎn)造成的影響,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Why do Hazard / Risk a

4、nalysis? 必要性,Potentially 潛在的,Catastrophic 災(zāi)難性的,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Does the activity have a potential to harm those performing and those near the activity?活動(dòng)是否存在對(duì)從事活動(dòng)的人員本身或活動(dòng)附近人員造成傷害的可能？,The element(s) of an activity that has a potential to harm is considered its hazard(s). 可能造成傷害的活動(dòng)的要素被視作危險(xiǎn)。,I.e.例如： Activity

5、 - Spray Painting 活動(dòng)噴漆 Hazards Chemical Exposure (inhalation), Chemical Exposure (skin), Chemical Exposure (eyes), Noise, Fire/ Explosion 危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品吸入、皮膚接觸化學(xué)品、眼睛接觸化學(xué)品、噪聲、火災(zāi)/爆炸,Definitions 定義,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Definitions 定義,Hazards have 危險(xiǎn)具有: RISK possibility of loss or injury. 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)造成損失或傷害的可能性 Risk have 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要素: Seve

6、rity and probability 嚴(yán)重性和可能性（概率）,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Definitions 定義,Severity 嚴(yán)重性: If injury or loss occurs how bad will it be? 如果發(fā)生損失或者傷害的情況，情況有多糟糕？ Probability 可能性（概率）: The potential frequency of loss or injury occurring, increases with exposure to hazard 損失或傷害發(fā)生的潛在頻率,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Hazard Examples 危險(xiǎn)舉例:,Chemical

7、 Exposure (Inhalation, Skin, Hands, Eyes) Harmful Dust Noise Exposure Flying Debris / Objects Protruding Objects Extreme Temperatures Point of Operation (I.e crush, nip) Fall, Trip, Slip Strain / Overexertion Electrical Shock Fire / Explosion Light Radiation Falling Objects Sharp Objects Biological,

8、Definitions 定義,化學(xué)品接觸（吸入、皮膚、手、眼睛） 有害粉塵 噪聲曝露 飛濺的碎片或物體 突出的物體 高低溫 高空墜落 絆倒/滑倒 緊張，勞累 電擊 火災(zāi)/爆炸 放射線 墜物砸傷 接觸尖銳物體 生物危險(xiǎn),安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Hazard Examples 危險(xiǎn)舉例:,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Electrical Shock電擊,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Chemical Exposure Eyes眼睛接觸化學(xué)品,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Flying Debris/ Objects飛濺的碎片或物體,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Engulfment開挖塌方,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Fall From高空墜落,

9、安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Fall From高空墜落,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Trip/Slip絆倒/滑倒,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Fire/Explosion火災(zāi)/爆炸,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Struck by Falling Objects墜物砸傷,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Contact With Moving Objects運(yùn)動(dòng)物體接觸,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Other Hazards其它危險(xiǎn),安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Other Hazards其它危險(xiǎn),安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 識(shí)別不同的活動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品與服

10、務(wù)（APS）,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識(shí)每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn),Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險(xiǎn)的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對(duì)重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and periodically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時(shí)進(jìn)行更新并定期審核,Starting Point 起點(diǎn),Segregat

11、e plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨(dú)立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析流程,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 識(shí)別相關(guān)活動(dòng)和參與的人員,Before you can determine your sites hazards you must

12、 know what activities are being conducted at your site. 在你判斷場(chǎng)地危險(xiǎn)之前，你必須知道在你場(chǎng)地正從事何種活動(dòng)。,Start with a site layout. 從場(chǎng)地平面圖開始 Divide the site into operational / functional areas. 將場(chǎng)地劃分為不同的操作/功能區(qū)域。,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,ACME Site Layout ACME場(chǎng)地平面布置,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 識(shí)別

13、不同的活動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS）,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識(shí)每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn),Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險(xiǎn)的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對(duì)重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and periodically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時(shí)進(jìn)行更新并定期審核,Starting Point 起

14、點(diǎn),Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨(dú)立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析流程,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 識(shí)別相關(guān)活動(dòng)和參與的人員,Recruit individuals knowledgeable of areas

15、. 招納熟諳區(qū)域的人員 Manager / Supervisors 經(jīng)理/主管 EH&S EHS人員 Employees 職員 Brainstorm to determine area activities. 運(yùn)用“頭腦風(fēng)暴”來(lái)辨別區(qū)域活動(dòng) Consider legacy issues as well as current operational issues (I.e. previous injuries) 考慮遺留問(wèn)題，業(yè)考慮當(dāng)前操作中的問(wèn)題（如以前的工傷事故）,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (

16、APS) 識(shí)別不同的活動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS）,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識(shí)每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn),Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險(xiǎn)的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對(duì)重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and periodically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時(shí)進(jìn)行更新并定期審核,Starting

17、Point 起點(diǎn),Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨(dú)立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析流程,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,ACME Plant Activity ACME工廠活動(dòng),安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Hazard Identification Sheet 危險(xiǎn)辨識(shí)表,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Identify discre

18、te Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 識(shí)別不同的活動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS）,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識(shí)每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn),Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險(xiǎn)的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對(duì)重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and perio

19、dically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時(shí)進(jìn)行更新并定期審核,Starting Point 起點(diǎn),Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨(dú)立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析流程,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Prioritizing Hazards / Risk對(duì)危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行排序,A process should be u

20、sed to determine how significant the RISK a hazard can have on workers. 用于判斷某一危險(xiǎn)對(duì)工作人員造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度的過(guò)程,Determine Risk of Hazards 判斷危險(xiǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Rating Tool to Facilitate the Process 幫助判斷的等級(jí)評(píng)定工具,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Hazard Risk Tool 危險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析工具,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Ranking Procedure/評(píng)級(jí)程序,Review each Hazard and score each hazard i

21、ndividually chosen by team. 審閱每一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素，由組建的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員逐個(gè)評(píng)分。 Transfer the average score on Severity and Probability to the Hazard Risk Tool worksheet. 將嚴(yán)重性和可能性的平均分輸入到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析工具表單。,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS) 識(shí)別不同的活動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)（APS）,Identify Hazards for each APS 辨識(shí)每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn),Dete

22、rmine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS 判斷每個(gè)APS的危險(xiǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),Determine Hazard Significance 判斷危險(xiǎn)的重要性,Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks 對(duì)重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提出目標(biāo)指標(biāo),Keep data up-to-date and periodically review. 數(shù)據(jù)及時(shí)進(jìn)行更新并定期審核,Starting Point 起點(diǎn),Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functio

23、nal areas 將工廠的操作劃分成不同的獨(dú)立操作/功能區(qū)域,Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary 如果需要，建立/健全控制措施,Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow 危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析流程,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Set Objectives 設(shè)立目標(biāo),Set Improvement Objectives to Lower Risk 設(shè)立改善目標(biāo)來(lái)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn) List all of your Significant Hazards/ Risk. (red or yellow ratings) 列出所有重要的危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。（紅色或黃色等級(jí)) Eva

24、luate Significant hazards (red or yellow ratings) to determine if changes can be made to process to reduce the risk so that they are no longer Significant. 評(píng)估重要危險(xiǎn)（紅色或黃色等級(jí)），來(lái)判斷如果是否可以通過(guò)工藝過(guò)程改變來(lái)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，使其不再成為重要危險(xiǎn)。,安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Set Objectives 設(shè)立目標(biāo),Use best possible/ most feasible control 采取盡可能完善和可行的控制措施 Get em

25、ployee participation in developing operational controls. 讓員工參與提出操作控制措施,What to do with Hazards that have been determined to have a Significant Risk? Focus on Red or yellow ratings對(duì)那些判斷有重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的危險(xiǎn)該采取什么措施？集中精力于那些紅色或黃色等級(jí)的危險(xiǎn),安全隱患與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,Elimination/Substitution- removing or reducing the hazard 消除/替代 移除或者降低危險(xiǎn)

26、 Engineering Controls workstation design, machine guards, safety controls, isolation of hazardous areas, monitoring devices, etc. 工程控制 工作站設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械防護(hù)、安全控制、危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域隔離、監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)施等 Administrative Controls - procedures, assessments, inspection, records to monitor and ensure safe practices and environments are maintained. 管理控制程序、評(píng)價(jià)、檢查、用顯示器記錄、確保維持安全的操作規(guī)范和環(huán)境 Training Controls - initial new hire safety orientation, job specific safety training and periodic refresher training. 培訓(xùn)控制進(jìn)行新進(jìn)員工的安全教育、具體作業(yè)安全配許和定期強(qiáng)化培訓(xùn) Personal Protective Equipment 個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備,Hierarchy of Operational Controls 操作控制的層次,優(yōu)先考慮,次要