組織行為學Foundation of Group Behavior.ppt

1、Class 7.Foundation of Group Behavior,7.1 Defining appears in response to the need for social contract Interest group- Those working together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned Friendship group-Those brought together because they share one or more common characteristic,Class

2、7. Foundation of Group Behavior,7.2 Stages of Group development,1. The 5-Stage Model From the mid-1960s,Forming-characterized by much uncertainty Storming-intragroup conflict Norming-close relationship ignores organizational setting,2.The Punctuated-Equlibrium M Studies of more than a dozen,group do

3、nt develop in a universal sequence,The timing of when groups form (6)the groups last meeting is characterized by markedly accelerated activity,Class 7. Foundation of Group Behavior,7.3 Sociometry An analytical technique for group interaction-find out who people like or dislike appearance factors(dre

4、ss,loyalty) the “how” (4)central value expressing groups made up of 5-7 members do a good job of exercising the best elements of both small complex-close attention,6.Group task size-performance relationship moderated by task requirement,The impact of group processes on the performance (high,low),low

5、; (low,high),moderate; (low,low), moderate to low;,Class 8.Work Team,8.1 Teams vs. Groups how do we explain the current popularity of teams? outperforming individuals when the tasks require multiple skill, judgement, experience(better utilize employee talents); facilitating employee participation in

6、 D-M, motivational property.,1.Definitions,Work Group-interacting primarily to share information Dont share responsibility for each others results Team-Group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of those individual inputs. -working interdependently 2. Individ

7、ualistic national culture;3.An individual-valued organizational history Shaping team players: Selection-job candidate with team skills, otherwise training,transference to other unit, reject Training-workshop to help improve skills like P-S, communication,negotiation,conflict M,coaching Reward-encour

8、age cooperative efforts rather than competitive ones; intrinsic rewards from team,8.5 Contemporary Issues,TQM: the use of team-the essence of process improvement,employee involvement, natural vehicle Work force diversity on team Advantages:Multiple perspective;Greater openness to new ideas; Multiple

9、 interpretations; Increased creativity, flexibility, P-S skills. Disadvantages:Ambiguity;Complexity;Confusion;Miscommunication;Difficulty in reaching a agreement,agreeing on specific actions Reinvigorating Mature Teams:1. stagnant, apathy, complacency,groupthinking; 2.success due to easy task 3.ment

10、al preparation, refresher training, advanced training, constant learning,Class 9.Communication,8.1 Definition puts the message back into the system as a check against misunderstanding,2.Distortion 2.explain inconsistency; 3.emphasize the downside,upside; 4.openly discuss worst case.,3.Nonverbal Comm

11、unication,Messages conveyed through body movement,the intonations or emphasis we give to words,facial expressions, facilitate rapid feedback;be very personal message type:nonroutine,ambiguous-routine,clear information medium:face-to-face talk,phone call,E-mail,memos-letters,flyers-bulletins-general

12、reports,5.Barriers to effective Communication,Filtering:a senders manipulation of information so that it will be seen more favorably by the receiver-tell what he wants to hear (condense number of levels selective perception:projecting their personal characteristics into communication as they encode

13、or decode emotions:feelings at the time of receipt language:mean different things to different people,Class 9.Communication,9.3 In practice: Effective employee communication in leading companies undergoing dramatic change,Guidance based on 10 leading companies,CEOs commitment managers match actions

14、to words commitment to 2-way communication emphasis on face-to-face communication shared responsibility for employee communication dealing with bad news message is shaped for its intended audience treat communication as an ongoing process,ongoing process5 common activities,Managers convey the rationale underlying decisions timeliness is vital communicate continually link the big picture with the little picture dont dictate the way people should feel abou