初中英語名詞性從句詳解

1、名詞性從句,名詞性從句,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,主語從句在句中做- 賓語從句在句中做- 表語從句在句中做- 同位語從句在句中-,主語,賓語,表語,同位語,1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,為什么叫名詞性從句？ _,整個從句相當(dāng)于一個名詞,比較:,The man looked around. That the boy fai

2、led again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同樣作主語，從句可以表示較復(fù)雜的含義,一般是個動作或性質(zhì),I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 為什么要有名詞性從句？,那人看了看四周. (名詞作主語),那孩子考試又不及格令他母親很失望. (從句作主語),我知道他在房間里寫作文.,從句的特征:,是一個句子,有一個引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的一個成分 (that 除外),名詞能做的成分,從句都能做,從句表達(dá)的意思比名詞復(fù)雜得多,主語從句,that whethe

3、r who whom whose what which when where why how,從 句 引導(dǎo)詞:,1. That he knows Japanese is known to all.,他懂英語,這一點大家都知道,令我驚訝的是在這兒見到他.,3. When he will come is unknown .,4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,他來不來沒什么要緊的,他什么時候來不清楚.,他們是怎么登上山頂?shù)娜允莻€秘密.,5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.

4、,主語從句的位置 1.在句首 2.主語較長時通常放在后面,句首主語用 It,主語太長了!放到句尾,That無詞義,不可省略,What “什么”, “所.的”,2. What surprised me was to see him here .,When “什么時候”,主語從句不用 if,位于句首,It 作主語的常用句型有:,1. It + be +形容詞 + that 從句,2. It + be +名稱詞組(duty/pity.) + that 從句,3. It + be + 過去分詞(said/thought.) + that 從句,4. It +不及物動詞(seem/happen.) +

5、that 從句,It is a pity that we cant go swimming.,It is said that he told her everything.,It happened that I was out that day.,It is certain that he will do well in the exam.,真可惜我們不能去游泳. 碰巧那天我外出了. 他考試肯定會考好. 據(jù)說他已告訴了她一切.,注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以說: It looks as if.,happen只有 it 句型,It is said只

6、有 it 句型,More,用形式主語 it 的主語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu),It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等),It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事實是 ( 好事是,好消息是),It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that眾所周知( 據(jù)報道,據(jù)記載,據(jù)說,據(jù)估計),It turns out ( seems, happens, appe

7、ars) that 結(jié)果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是),It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已發(fā)現(xiàn)( 已證明,可以看出,需指出),用 it 句型翻譯:,據(jù)說今年高一學(xué)生要學(xué)新教材. 事實是他們靠自己完成了所有的任務(wù). 碰巧他們已經(jīng)參加過軍訓(xùn)了. 眾所周知, 比爾 蓋茨是世界上最富有的人. 我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣這很重要.,It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.,

8、It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.,It happened that they had had their military training.,It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.,It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.,Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/ess

9、ential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略,翻譯: 真奇怪他今天竟然遲到了.,It is strange that he should be late today.,strange不省略should為好,表語從句,1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.,2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.,3. It looks as if it were going t

10、o rain.,實際情況是他從未去過農(nóng)村. that 一般不省略,問題在于我們能否在明天下午之前完成這項實驗. 表語從句不用 if,4. This school is no longer what it was before.,這所學(xué)校已不再是從前的那個樣子了. what =the thing that,More,系動詞后面,注意下列表語從句中where, how, why 的譯法,This is where Lu Xun once lived. That was how they won the match. This is why she got up so early this morn

11、ing.,這就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的地方.,他們就是這樣贏得這場比賽的.,這就是她為什么今天早上起得這么早的原因.,我們就是這樣克服困難的. 那就是他昨天缺席的原因. 這就是我們上星期碰頭的地方.,This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.,That is why he was absent yesterday.,This is where we met last Sunday.,This is 總是現(xiàn)在時That is 表示性質(zhì) That was 指過去動作,固定句型: This is where This is why This is

12、 how.,這就是的地方,這就是的原因,這就是的方法,賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略： （1）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能??； （2）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.,賓語從句,whether與if的辨用,表“是否”時，在下列情況下用whether。 a. 主語從句b.

13、 表語從句c. 同位語從句e. 介詞后的賓語從句f.后接動詞不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用if,1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 a.當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時,不用if. eg: I dont know whether or not I will stay. b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,2.注意 whether和if的使用區(qū)別,Practice time,if / whether1. I a

14、sked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match. Do you doub

15、t that he did it on his own?,doubt問題,肯定句中用 if / whether,否定句中用 that,疑定句中用 that,I doubt _he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out . Does he doubt _ you are from Austria? Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.,if / whether,that,that,if / whether,同位語從句,被修飾詞有: fact, news, hope

16、, opinion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea,同位語從句說明它們的內(nèi)容,常見引導(dǎo)詞: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑問詞,The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear. The question how I did it is hard to an

17、swer. They had no idea where they should go to find some food. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if ) A thought came to me that he might be in the library.,事實勝于雄辨這一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的這一問題難回答.,他們根本不知去哪兒找食物,他是否來這個問題不重要.,我突然想到他可能在圖書館. 被別的詞隔開,that 無詞義,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britai

18、n are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen

19、of England was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many Brit

20、ish parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially

21、 kids in school.,一、同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處,1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語 e.g.,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語從句） 我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。,2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo) e.g.,The suggestion that students should learn something practical i

22、s worth considering. （同位語從句） 學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西的建議值得考慮。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西。,二、同位語從句與定語 從句的不同之處,1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步 說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、 限定前面的名詞。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is enco

23、uraging. （從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）,2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。,e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （

24、that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。）,考點之一:考查名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別 考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 分析: (注:劃線的選項為最佳答案,下同.)在名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別是:that在名詞性從句中不作句子成分,只起連接作用;而what在名詞性

25、從句中不僅起連接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我們不能得到的似乎比我們已經(jīng)擁有的要好.此題考查了兩個名詞性從句:主語從句和賓語從句,what在這兩個名詞性從句中都作賓語.,考點之二:考查名詞性從句中的it作形式主語或形式賓語 考例1: _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 分析:在這種名詞性從句中為了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行詞it作形式主語或形式賓語,而把真正的主語或賓語放到后面,尤其是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句往往用先行

26、詞it作形式主語.此句也可以改寫為:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 考例2: I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 分析:此題考查的是用先行詞it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放到后面.其他幾個詞均不能作形式賓語.,考點之三:考查名詞性從句的語序 考例:The photographs will show you _ . A. what does our villag

27、e look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,分析:在名詞性從句中,除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞要提到句首之外,一律要用陳述句語序。當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞含疑問意義時,有的學(xué)生就會受習(xí)慣影響錯誤地使用疑問句語序?？朔@種錯誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句中的主語和謂語。本題句子的意思是:這些照片會告訴你我們村子是什么樣。本題中根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞what要作介詞like的賓語,而副詞how不能作介詞like的賓語,所以首先排除C、D,而A項是疑問句語序,故只能選B。,考點之四:考查

28、名詞性從句中的whether, if以及that的區(qū)別 考例1: _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 分析:句子的意思是:我們明天是否去野營要視天氣而定. whether與if當(dāng)是否講時的區(qū)別是:在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時兩者可以互換,但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句以及介詞后面的賓語從句或后面緊跟or not時通常只能用whether,而不能用if. 考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will re

29、cover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why 分析:本題句子的意思是:醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我母親是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來.whether引導(dǎo)的是表語從句.,考例3: It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 分析:本題句子的意思是:頭發(fā)變白使她有點兒不安。It作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。whether, if以及that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別是:whether與if(當(dāng)是否講時

30、)引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句含有疑問意義;而that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義。,考點之五:考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句及其與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別 考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 分析:本題句子的意思是:一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不明智的.whatever引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作賓語的;而C. wh

31、ichever表示無論哪一個、無論哪些,表示在一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物,此處并不涉及一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物,所以也不能選.,考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析:本題句子的意思是:薩拉希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友.疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.首先排除D.而選A. anyone則應(yīng)在其

32、后加who.從句中需要的是主語,所以whomever也不行.,考點之六:考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題 考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 分析:本題選B.句子的意思是:大學(xué)生至少應(yīng)該掌握一門外語。It作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。 (1) 在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣(should) +do,常用的句型有:I.

33、 It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如: It is strange that she (should) think so.,(2) 表示建議、請求、命令、要求、堅持等及物動詞后面的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣,常用的這類動詞有suggest, propose, insist, desire, de

34、mand, request, order, command等。如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. (3) 主語是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示建議、請求、要求、決定等意思的詞時,表語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣(should) +do。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.,(4) 表示建議、請求、命令、要求、決定等意思的名詞后面的同位語從句中謂語動詞要用

35、虛擬語氣(should)+do。如: They received orders that the work(should)be done at once.,II. Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3.I have no idea _he wi

36、ll come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that,II. Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 6.Word has come

37、_ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether c. that D. which,典型錯誤及歸納,找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.,Can you tell

38、 me how many students there are in your class?,I dont know where he has gone.,The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.,規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語序！,找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. 5. My idea is that we must do our homework first. 6. His proposal that we went the

39、re on foot is acceptable.,We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.,My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.,His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.,規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語氣的使用！,問題：此類虛擬語氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？,找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet. 8. It depends on if the

40、 weather is suitable for us to do it. 9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting. 10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.,Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,It depends on whether the weather is .,The question is whether he himself will be present .,He

41、asked me whether I could go with him or not.,規(guī)律三：4種情況只能用whether ： （1）位于句子開頭； （2）前面有介詞； （3）引導(dǎo)表語從句； （4）與or not連用。,名詞性從句試題集錦 1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is

42、that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no

43、 idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that,7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._

44、 you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can the

45、y 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look li