施工組織設(shè)計中英文外文文獻翻譯 (2)[14頁]

1、外文文獻翻譯文獻出處：Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015,3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not only directly aff

2、ect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project construction. Can adju

3、st the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equipment, civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project quality with high qu

4、ality, low cost, and less Energy consumption is completed.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project. It is the core

5、 and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1. The reason for the importance of the design of construction organizationThe construc

6、tion project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general industrial products h

7、as its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like the nature of the plant is employed. The uniqu

8、e features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organization of workforc

9、es and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacity allocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors, equipment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time. This will result in the constructio

10、n and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule. From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2. The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building products play an extre

11、mely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include: project overview and constructi

12、on condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is more important. F

13、or example, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget. The price change

14、s. Under the premise of guaranteeing project quality and satisfying the owners use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction project cost.2The construct

15、ion organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is an important part

16、of the construction engineering design documents. It is the main basis for preparing the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents. Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in detennining the proj

17、ect cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.2.2 The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It embodies th

18、e requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the construction process. T

19、he construction organization plan must be able to determine the basic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out any production witho

20、ut effectively solving the problem.3. Index calculation and analysis of construction organization designAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized. As it is a yardstick for evaluating the ov

21、erall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the following suggestion

22、s.3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organizations design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations. (1) Construction preparation period. From the start of site preparati

23、on to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule. (3) Labor imbalance coefficient. The ratio of the peak number of construction period to the average number of people. (4) Reduce the cost. Technical organiza

24、tion measures to lower the cost of price results. (5) Reduce the cost rate. The percentage of cost reduction in contracted costs. (6) The degree of construction mechanization. The ratio of the completion value of mechanical construction to the project contracting cost. (7) The degree of factory cons

25、truction. Prefabrication plant (quarry, quarry) The ratio of the completed production value to the engineering contracting cost. (8) Proportion of temporary engineering investment. The ratio of all temporary engineering investment and project contracting cost. (9) Proportion of temporary engineering

26、 expenses. All Temporary Project Cost Reducing Ratio of Charges and Engineering Contract Costs.3. 3 Indicators Analysis. Compared with the historical actual level of similar projects, the construction organization design index can evaluate the effect of the construction organization design; The comp

27、arison of indicators of different construction organization design schemes can be used to optimize the program; The weighted values of previous indicators of the same type of previous projects can be analyzed, which can be used as the future The basis of bidding.4. Management of construction organiz

28、ation designWith the establishment of a socialist market economy, the competition in the construction market has become increasingly fierce, and the objective situation has become increasingly demanding for construction companies. Not only does it require higher requirements in terms of technical eq

29、uipment, personnel quality, and construction organizers, but it also faces new challenges in engineering economic management. In the rigorous construction market situation, some construction companies did not actively take response measures and did not update or train employees1 professional skills.

30、 The management level of science and technology is quite backward. In addition, it did not pay enough attention to the preparation of auditing construction organization design. Therefore, the following common situations will occur:4.1 There is no preparation of auditing before the commencement of th

31、e construction of the organization design: do not engage in the layout of the construction plan, the material indiscriminately put. There are no guarantee measures for the shipment of earth moving in and out, mechanical equipment, unplanned labor demand, project quality, and safe construction. The p

32、henomenon of wasting waste from workers is serious and the management level is low.4.2 Whether it is a professional to compile the construction organization design: In order to deal with the inspections of the superior department and supervision unit and Party A, the construction personnel shall des

33、ign the construction organization design on behalf of the construction worker or the information officer. Because the data was not known about the current constnjction management but was recently arranged by the leadership, it had to be created and dealt with indiscriminately.4.3 The level of constr

34、uction organization design is low: Some construction companies do not understand the importance of the construction organization in the construction process, write down the subitem construction process, draw the floor plan, and the project schedule, and they think that it is the constmction organiza

35、tion, designed.4.4 Technology Abandonment Economy: A considerable number of construction enterprise units are preparing the construction organization design. Only pay attention to the technical measures of each sub-project in the construction organization. The content of the economic indicators of t

36、he sub-item was not taken into consideration, which caused continuous disputes during the settlement of the project and caused economic losses. Therefore, we must manage the construction organization design:(1) Implement dynamic managementDuring the construction process, it will inevitably encounter

37、 unexpected problems, such as design changes, natural factors, etc. Changes in the construction process at each stage will result in the adjustment of on-site plans. Therefore, dynamic management must be carried out according to the changed site conditions. , Make necessary modifications, supplement

38、s, and optimizations to the inappropriate parts of the construction organization design to achieve the established construction goals.(2) Implement hierarchical managementThe implementation of project law construction, the separation of management and operation layers, and the gradual reduction of f

39、ixed workers will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of general contracting and subcontracting. The successful bidders have changed from direct management of the past to direct technical disclosure to indirect management and indirect technologies. As a result, management should be layered according t

40、o the design of the construction organization, and the technical authority, responsibilities and working procedures of the general contracting and subcontracting units, management and operation layers should be clearly defined.5 ConclusionDuring the construction of the project, the organization and

41、design of the construction must be supervised and controlled to ensure the orderly construction of the project and prevent the construction organization from flowing into the form. Construction organization design is a powerful measure to ensure project quality, safety and progress. Under certain re

42、source conditions, the technical and economic benefits of the project can be achieved, and the purpose of win-win construction and economic benefits can be achieved.中文譯文施工組織設(shè)計的重要性G Baecker摘要建筑工程在施工過程中，施工組織方案的優(yōu)劣不僅直接影響工 程 的質(zhì)量，對工期及施工過程中的人員安全也有重要影響。施工 組織是 項目建設(shè)和指導工程施工的重要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟文件。能調(diào)節(jié)施工 中人員、機器、原料、環(huán)境、工藝、設(shè)備、土建

43、、安裝、管理、生 產(chǎn)等矛盾，要對施工組織設(shè)計進行監(jiān)督和控制，才能科學合理的保 證工程項目高質(zhì)量、低成本、少耗能的完成。關(guān)鍵詞：項目管理施工組織方案重要性施工組織設(shè)計就是對工程建設(shè)項目整個施工過程的構(gòu)思設(shè)想和 具體安排，是施工組織管理工作的核心和靈魂。其目的是使工程速 度快、質(zhì)量好、效益高。使整個工程在施工中獲得相對的最優(yōu)效果。1. 編制施工組織設(shè)計重要性的原因建筑工程及其施工具有固定性與流動性、多樣性與單件性、形 體龐大與施工周期長這三對特點。所以，每一建筑工程的施工都 必須進行施工組織設(shè)計。這是因為:其它一般工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)都有 著自己固 定的、長期適用的工廠。而建筑施工具有流動性的特點, 不

44、可能建立這樣的工廠，只能是當每一個建筑工程施工時，建立一個 相應(yīng)的、臨 時性的，如同工廠作用性質(zhì)的施工現(xiàn)場準備，即工地。施 工單件性特點與施工流動性特點，決定了每一建筑工程施工都要選 擇相應(yīng)的機具和勞動力組織。選擇施工方法、擬定施工技術(shù)方案 及其勞動力組織和機具配置,統(tǒng)稱為施工作業(yè)能力配置。施工周期 的特點，決定了各種勞動力、機具和眾多材料物資技術(shù)的供應(yīng)時間 也比較長，這就產(chǎn)生了與施工總進度計劃相適應(yīng)的物資技術(shù)的施工 組織設(shè)計內(nèi)容。由此可見，施工組織設(shè)計在項目管理中是相當重要 的。2. 施工組織設(shè)計方案的重要性建筑產(chǎn)品作為一種商品，在項目管理中工程質(zhì)量在整個施工過 程中起著極其重要的作用。工程

45、建設(shè)項目的施工組織設(shè)計與其工程 造價有著密切的關(guān)系。施工組織設(shè)計基本的內(nèi)容有:工程概況和施 工條件的分析、施工方案、施工工藝、施工進度計劃、施工總平面 圖。還有經(jīng)濟分析和施工準備工作計劃。其中，施工方案及施工 工藝的確定 更為重要，如：施工機械的選擇、水平運輸方法的選 擇、土方的施工方法及主體結(jié)構(gòu)的施工方法和施工工藝的選擇等等， 均直接影響著工程預(yù)算價格的變化。在保證工程質(zhì)量和滿足業(yè)主 使用要求及工期要求的前提下，優(yōu)化施工方案及施工工藝是控制 投資和降低工程項目造價的重要措施和手段。2.1施工組織方案在很大程度上影響著工程質(zhì)量,因此合理的施 工組織方案不僅是確保工程順利完成的基礎(chǔ)，也是工程安全

46、的依據(jù)。 施工組織設(shè)計是建筑工程設(shè)計文件的重要組成部分，是編制工程投 資概預(yù)算的主要依據(jù)和編制招投標文件的主要參考依據(jù)。因此， 認真做好施工組織設(shè)計，對于正確確定工程造價、降低工程投資，從 而有利控制工程造價將有十分重要的作用。2.2施工組織方案是對施工活動實行科學管理的重要手段，它具 有戰(zhàn)略部署和戰(zhàn)術(shù)安排的雙重作用。它體現(xiàn)了實現(xiàn)基本建設(shè)計劃和 設(shè)計的要求，提供了各階段的施工準備工作內(nèi)容，協(xié)調(diào)施工過程中 各施 工工區(qū)，各施工工種，各項自愿之間的相互關(guān)系。施工組織方案 必須能夠根據(jù)工程產(chǎn)品的特點和要求，根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的和可能爭取到的 施工條件,從實際出發(fā)，決定各種生產(chǎn)要索的基本結(jié)合方式，不切實 解決問題，就不可能進行任何生產(chǎn)。3. 施工組織設(shè)計的指標計算和分析目