高級(jí)英語(yǔ)1復(fù)習(xí)

1、Unit 1Rewrite the following:1. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words.To define our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words, we choose word

2、s since it is part of the process of realization.2. It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings.We shall be rewarded for the hard work of choosing the right words, finding which brings satisfaction.3. Without being a malapropism, a

3、word may still fail to be the right word for writers purpose.Without a malapropism, the writer may still fail to find the right word for his purpose.4. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English.T

4、o aim at clean English, a writer will not be satisfied with a word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression or a vague adjective.5. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly.It is also true in the case of language i

5、n which a good writer will choose words to drive his point firmly and exactly.Paraphrase the following:1. The French have an apt phrase for this.The French have an apt phrase for the idea of getting the word that is completely right for ones purpose.2. Choosing words is part of the process of realiz

6、ation, of defining our thought and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words.Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings not only for those who hear or read our words but also for ourselves.3. The exact use of language giv

7、es us mastery over the material we are dealing with.If we can use exact words, we can have a good command of the material we are dealing with.Translation:1. After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.在舉出許多事實(shí)并列出一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字后，他終于把他的理論說(shuō)清楚了。（drive sth.

8、home）2. It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.差不多花了半年功夫，我們才完成了那研究項(xiàng)目。（more or less）3. What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out (figure out) his true intention.他說(shuō)的話是如此微妙我們很難理解他的真實(shí)意圖。（subtle）4. His latest book looks squarely at the contemporary social

9、 problems.他的新書(shū)明確無(wú)誤地審視當(dāng)代的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。5. The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet.今日的年輕一代對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的最新信息很敏感。（be alive to）6. It is a matter of whether its better to learn a foreign language in ones childhood.外語(yǔ)是不是在童年更容易學(xué)好？這是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。7. Never loose heart in the

10、face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.在挫折面前千萬(wàn)不要喪失信心；鼓起勇氣堅(jiān)定不移地去克服它。（take courage）8. Rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet.米飯、肉類、蔬菜、水果構(gòu)成均衡的飲食。（constitute）Unit 31. If I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity.Si

11、mplicity would be the right choice if I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word.2. From that innocent question would arise, ten years later, his theory of relativity.The innocent question would be the source of his theory of relativity which arose ten years later.3. He was righ

12、t in both cases, though how he could have been is far too complex a story to tell here.How he could have been right in both cases is far too complex a story to tell here.4. I was this very Mozartean simplicity that most characterized Einsteins methods.Einsteins method was characterized by this very

13、Mozartean simplicity.Paraphrase the following:1. They could exist peacefully side by side, provided we gave up cherished beliefs about the nature of time.To understand how the two apparently contradictory theories proposed by Einstein can co-exist calls for a renewed concept of time.Translation:1. H

14、e honked the car horn to alert the pedestrians.他按了按汽車?yán)纫砸鹇飞闲腥说木X(jué)。(alert)2. The rapid development of information engineering is an outstanding example of human endeavour.信息工程的迅速發(fā)展是人類嘗試的一個(gè)突出事例。（endeavour）3. Mary groped for appropriate words to express her gratitude to professor.Mary試圖找到恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)她對(duì)老師的感

15、激。（grope）4. The headmaster (principal / president) conveyed a message of challenge.學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)以平易話語(yǔ)向年輕人傳遞了富有挑戰(zhàn)性的信息。（convey）5. Dont temper with the wines, or it will cause a short circuit.不要混亂擺弄電線，要不然會(huì)引起電線短路。（tamper with）6. He thought he could defeat all competitors. But his excessive confidence failed him.

16、他自以為在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中可以戰(zhàn)敗任何對(duì)手。但是他過(guò)分的自信使他失敗了。（fail v.t）7. What he said seemed simple and clear, but there was an implied meaning that we couldnt quite fathom.他說(shuō)的話似乎簡(jiǎn)單明了，但是其中的含蓄意思我們不能理解。（fathom）8. He tried to steer the groups random talk towards some constructive topics.他試圖把小組的漫無(wú)目的的談話引導(dǎo)到一些有建設(shè)性的話題上。（steer）Unit 41.

17、It is one of the cruelest ironies of social life in advanced countries that the dispossessed at the bottom of society are unable to speak for themselves.The dispossessed at the bottom of society are unable to speak for themselves, which is one of the cruelest ironies of social life in advanced count

18、ries.2. It is not a matter of planning, though if almost seems as if the affluent society had given out costumes to the poor so that they would not offend the rest of society with the sight of rags.The affluent society almost seems to have given out costumes to the poor so that they would not offend

19、 the rest of society with the sight of rags, though its not a matter of planning.3. Perhaps he looks at a run-down mountain house and, remembering Rousseau rather than seeing with his eyes, decides that those people are truly fortunate to be living the way they are.He is very likely to decide that t

20、hose people are truly fortunate to be living the way they are, when he looks at a run-down mountain house, remembering Rousseau rather than seeing with his eyes.4. Here is a great mass of people, yet it takes an effort of the intellect and will even to see them.The intellect and will even hardy enab

21、le one to see a great mass of people, if he does not make an effort.5. The slums are no longer visible to the middle class, so much of the idealistic urge to fight for those who need help is gone.The middle class no longer desires to fight for those who need help, because the slums are invisible to

22、them.Paraphrase the following:1. Beauty and myths are perennial masks of poverty.Where poor people live, tourist only see fine sceneries and hear mysterious stories rather than the poor.2. The very development of the American city has removed poverty from the living, emotional experience of millions

23、 upon millions middle-class American.Because of the very development of American city, millions upon millions are no longer in contact with the poor, nor do they have sympathy for the poor.3. This is an extremely important factor in defining our emotional and existential ignorance of poverty.There i

24、s a very important reason for us to be indifferent and blind to the existence of the poor people.4. The process has been magnified with the poor throughout the country.In the case of the poor people in the United State, the effect of the change from work clothes to ordinary wear is much more obvious

25、.5. It is not a matter of planning, though it almost seems as if the affluent society had given out costumes to the poor so that they would not offend the rest of society with the sight of rags.Its not a design, but it looks like the rich part of the State has distributed to the poor, as they worry,

26、 the poor people, with their shabby clothes, might become an eyesore in the cities.6. Sometimes they advertise their poverty through a lurid tabloid story about a gang killing.When there are sensational news stories about how young people in the slums are involved in organized crime of killing, the

27、middle class people begin to realize their existence.Translation:1. Can I be exempt from the regular physical check? I had one three months ago before I went to the summer camp.今年的常規(guī)體格檢查我能免去嗎？在三個(gè)月前進(jìn)夏令營(yíng)的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)體檢過(guò)了。（be exempt from）2. Can you tell me again what I should do next? What you said to me yes

28、terday has slipped me out of my mind.你能再告訴我一次下一步應(yīng)該做什么嗎？你昨天對(duì)我說(shuō)的話我已經(jīng)忘了。（slip out of）3. We assumed that Dave is reliable. But what happened proves that we were wrong.我們都認(rèn)為Dave是個(gè)可信賴的人。但事實(shí)證明我們錯(cuò)了。（assume）4. His misfortune was compounded by his wifes illness and his unemployment.他妻子的病和他自己的失業(yè)加重了他的不幸。（compou

29、nd）5. What holds perennial interest for humans is the question of whether or not there are living things in outer space.宇宙空間是否存在生命永遠(yuǎn)是人類感興趣的問(wèn)題。（perennial）6. You cant possibly think soberly, under great strains. (There is no way for you to think soberly, under great strains.)在極度緊張的情況下，你不可能清醒地進(jìn)行思考。（str

30、ain）7. Jim tends to lose tempt when his advices cannot be taken (heeded) by others.當(dāng)他的勸告沒(méi)有人聽(tīng)從時(shí)，Jim很容易發(fā)脾氣。（tend to）8. In spit of all his great learning, the professor finds it difficult to articulate his students need.盡管這老師有高深的學(xué)問(wèn)，他感到很難說(shuō)清楚他學(xué)生的需要。（articulate）Unit 51. But television does not merely infl

31、uence the child; it deeply influences that pattern of influences that is meant to ameliorate its effects.That pattern of influence that is meant to ameliorate the effects on the child, is influenced deeply by television, obviously, it does not merely influence the child.2. Therefore it is improper t

32、o assign to television the subsidiary role its many apologists insist it plays.According to its many apologists, television plays a subsidiary role, a role improperly assigned which to television.3. The primary danger of the television screen lies not so much in the behavior it produces-although the

33、re is danger there-as in behavior it prevents.In spite of the danger there in the behavior television produces, the primary danger of it lies more in the behavior it prevents.4. Without conjuring up memories of the Victorian era with family games and long, leisurely meals, and large families, the qu

34、estion arises.The memories of the Victorian era with family games and long, leisurely meals, and large families, make it natural for us to ask the question.5. In reality, it is those very demands that young children made upon a family that lead to growth.The growth of young children results from tho

35、se very demands that the young children made upon a family.Paraphrase the following:1. The primary danger of the television screen lies not so much in the behavior it produces-although there is danger there-as in behavior it prevents.The primary danger of the television screen lies more in the telev

36、ision it prevents than the behavior it produces.2. Parents have accepted a television-dominated family life so completely that cannot see how the medium is involved in whatever problems they might be having.The parents cannot see what role television plays in the problems they have in family life.3.

37、 Even when families make efforts to control television, too often its very presence counterbalances the positive features of family life.Even when families try hard to make good arrangements of television viewing, their efforts are futile, because, as long as the television is in the home, it offset

38、s the good aspect of family life.4. If the family does not accumulate its backlog of shared experiences, shared everyday experiences that occur and recur and change and develop, then it is to survive as anything other than a caretaking institution.If the family accumulates and shares their everyday

39、experiences, the family is not likely to function as something beyond a day care center.Translation：1. Jane is a very bright (smart) girl. She can always give a proper (apt) answer to any question on the spur of the moment.Jane是個(gè)很聰明的女孩。她總能不加思索地給任何問(wèn)題一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)幕卮?。（on the spur of the moment）2. Our teacher a

40、ttained full professorship when he was no more than 40 years old.我們的老師不到四十歲就取得了正教授的任職資格。（attain）3. Enviornmental pollution is afflicting many cities and towns all over the world.環(huán)境污染正在危害著全世界的許多城鎮(zhèn)。（afflict）4. Acupuncture treatment has good effects on patients suffering from arthritis.針灸治療對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)痛的患者有顯著的療

41、效。（effect n.）5. Hospital shall not be benefit-oriented; they should try every minute to care the patients.醫(yī)院不應(yīng)該以營(yíng)利為目的，而應(yīng)該盡一切努力醫(yī)治病人。（-oriented）6. What kind of people is involved in the lawsuit?那起訴訟案牽涉到哪一類人？（involve）7. The factory is taking strong measures to ameliorate the conditions in the workshops

42、.工廠正在采取有力的措施改善車間的工作條件。（ameliorate）8. Many outstanding young men and women emerge from various walks of life.各行各業(yè)涌現(xiàn)出杰出的少男少女。（emerge）Unit 71. I regard gifted children as those who possess some quality or innate ability which has been recognized and identified by any number of testing and observation d

43、evices and who manifest interest and success in either physical, intellectual, artistic pursuits.The gifted children, in my opinion, are those who possess some quality or innate ability which has been recognized and identified by any number of testing and observation devices and who manifest interes

44、t and success in either physical, intellectual, artistic pursuits.2. The teacher, not the manner in which a class is organized, determines students attitudes toward individual differences.Students may have proper or improper attitudes toward individual differences, which is determined by the teacher

45、, not the manner in which a class is organized.3. The individual student will mature and grow successfully along the lines of interests and abilities.The cultivating of the individual students interests and abilities will help them to mature and grow successfully.4. Where children have certain “gift

46、s” in common, they should be allowed to work and study together.Children should be allowed to work and study together, no matter in what aspects they have certain “gifts” in common.5. I have little fear of gifted students being pushed beyond their endurance, for I have faith in the ability of most t

47、eachers to recognize the limits to which any student should be pushed.Most teachers ability to recognize the limits to which any student should be pushed frees me from the fear of gifted students being pushed beyond their endurance.Paraphrase the following:1. One of the basic arguments grouping the

48、gifted is the fear of creating a caste of intellectual snobs.People who against grouping the gifted have in a basic argument that this form of grouping might help create a class where students of superior intelligence or abilities will hold contempt for who perform poorly in academic subjects. They

49、fear that this contempt would take roof and become established in such class.Translation：1. The question about the functioning of the software manifests her intense interest on Information Technology.她關(guān)于電腦軟件功能的提問(wèn)顯示出她對(duì)信息技術(shù)的濃厚興趣。（manifest）2.We have no grounds to prove the validity of the missing link.

50、我們沒(méi)有證據(jù)可以證明有關(guān)“過(guò)渡生物”（the missing link）的理論的正確性。（ground）3. To a certain extent, his reasoning is right.在一定程度上，他的推理是正確的。（to a certain extent）4.His persistent effort (hard work) yield fruitsa new theory in genetics.他的不懈努力結(jié)出了碩果一條新的遺傳學(xué)（genetics）理論。（yield）5. Dont believe that all the scientists are endowed w

51、ith special giftstheir success should be attributed to 99% of hard work and 1% of inspiration.不要認(rèn)為所有的偉大科學(xué)家都有天賦的才能他們之所以偉大要?dú)w功于百分之九十九的辛勤勞動(dòng)和百分之一的靈感。（endow）6. What criteria do you use when you elect the chairman of the Students Union?你選舉學(xué)生會(huì)主席是用哪些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量的？（criteria）7. Can you identify the writing of all you

52、r students?你能認(rèn)出你所有學(xué)生的筆跡嗎?（identify）8. Whether or not the result is successful lies with the efforts made by the candidates.結(jié)果的成敗取決于應(yīng)試者們所做的努力。（lie with）Unit 9 Text 1Rewrite the following:1. Perhaps it would be useful here to examine the way we define the word “news”, for this is where the problem beg

53、ins.How we define the word “news” is to examined, which would be useful here, for this is where the problem begins.2. Progress comes in bits and pieces, very little of it clearly visible at any given moment, but all of it involved in the making of historical change for the better.Coming in bits and

54、pieces, very little of progress is clearly visible at any given moment, but all of it is involved in the making of historical change for the better. 3. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism and despair, which in themselves tend to be inhibitors of progress.A public mood of defeatism and

55、 despair tends to be inhibitors of progress in themselves, which is what this leads to, in turn.4. What I am trying to get across is the notion that the responsibility of news media is to search out and report on important events.News media should, according to the notion I am trying to get across,

56、take the responsibility of searching out and reporting on important events.5. The time has come to consider the existence of a large area of human happenings that legitimately qualify as news.Its time to consider the existence of a large area of human happenings that legitimately qualify as news.Uni

57、t 9 Text 21. One dead photographer does not do much for the cause he cares about, even if he did feel compelled to weigh in and take sides.Even if a photographer did feel compelled to weigh in and take sides he does not do much for the cause he cares about, when he is dead.2. Our professional ethic enjoins us to stay uncommitted and report the facts; and, if we have to have guidelines, thats probably as good a one as any.If we have to have guidelines, staying uncommitted and reporting the facts is prob