小學英語句子基本結構ppt課件

1、第一講,一、句子的成分和基本句型 二、句子的種類 三、寫作：接受便條,1,一、句子的成分和基本句型1句子的成分,主語+謂語=主題成分 表語+賓語（直接/間接賓語）+賓語補足語 定語+狀語 =次要部分,2,主語subject主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞或短語來充當。它在句首。,We study in NO. 1 Middle School The classroom is very clean Three were absent To teach them English is my job. It is may job to t

2、each them English.,不定式作主語時， 常用形式主語it句型,3,謂語predicate說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語(謂語部分里主要的詞)必須用動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致，它在主語后面。,His parents are doctors She looks well We study hard We have finished reading the book He can speak English,4,表語predicative表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式及相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔任。它

3、的位置在系動詞后面。,You look younger than before I am a teacher Every body is here. They are at home now My job is to teach them English,感官動詞 look taste smell sound feel 表示狀態(tài) become remain keep prove get turn grow appear seem,5,賓語object賓語是動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任，它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么，在謂語之后。,She is playin

4、g the piano now He often helps me He likes to sleep in the open air We enjoy living in China,6,賓語補足語object complement “賓語+賓語補足語” =復合賓語,If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open. We found Li Ming out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw a stranger enter the building. The boss

5、kept them working all day. Yesterday he got his leg broken.,7,狀語adverbial 狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。它表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式程度等意義，一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。,He did it carefully Without his help，we couldnt work it out (In order) to catch up with my classmates，I must study hard,8,定語attributive定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語

6、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語，不定式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以擔任定語。,The black bike is mine What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. I have something to do.,9,2五種基本句型,10,11,第1種句型S+V 主語謂語（不及物動詞）,He runs in the park. Class begins. We begin our class at 8. vi:必背p.6 sleep go

7、laugh walk come stay swim work arrive happen/take place,12,第2種句型S+V+O主語謂語（及物動詞）+賓語,My father read the book. She likes English. I know him very well. They want to go. He stopped writing. You must listen to me.,有些不及物動詞后面加上介詞 就可把它看成一個及物動詞,13,第3種句型S+V+P主語+系動詞+表語,He became a scientist. They are honest. 他

8、們現(xiàn)在在家。 They are at home now. 我的工作是教他們英語。 My job is to teach them English. keep look smell sound taste feel grow get go turn,14,第4種句型S+V+IO+DO 主語謂語（及物動詞）間接賓語直接賓語,直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象 間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或是為誰做的 雙賓語 :直接賓語(表示動作結果)和間接賓語(動作目標) He gave Tom a present. Give it to me. 必背：p.7 間接賓語在后面時, 其前必須加to(“給”)或for (給

9、 、 “替” 、 “為” ),15,直接賓語和間接賓語的使用間+直當直接賓語是人稱代詞時，為了強調間接賓語，直+間,我把它遞給我媽媽。 I passed it to my mother. 她把它們扔給我。 She threw them to me. 我為他找到多余的書/票。 I found spare books/tickets for him.,I send him it,16,“疑問詞+不定式” 作直接賓語,他教我如何讀這個單詞。 He taught me how to read the word. 我告訴他做什么。 I told him what to do. 他問我為什么唱這支歌。 H

10、e asked me why to sing this song. 她問我走哪條路。 She asked me which way to go.,17,第5種句型S+V+O+OC主語謂語（及物動詞）賓語賓語補足語 call，name，make，think，and，leave,他們使她幸福。 They made her happy. 我們叫她康妮。 We call her Connie. 我覺得這部電影很有意思。 I found the movie interesting 他讓這個窗戶開著。 He left the window open 我看見她跳舞了。 I saw her dance.,wa

11、tch，1ook at，listen to，hear feel，let，make 賓補由不定式擔當，省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，+to She was seen to dance,18,第4種句型和第5種句型（雙賓語和復合賓語）的比較,第4種句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，有兩種情況： We sent them a telegram. They were sent a telegram. A telegram was sent to them. 第5種句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只有一種句式。 I will make you king. You will be made king.,He gave me a boo

12、k. He calls me Tom. 賓語+賓語補足語可以形成邏輯上的主謂關系，即“我是湯姆； 間接賓語和直接賓語不存在邏輯上的主謂關系，即不能想像為“我是一本書”。,19,1 用所給的單詞組成句子,1.to, the, box, I, want, take, to, room, heavy, the I want to take the heavy box to the room. 2.look, things, the, after, boys, their, must The boys must look after their things. 3.here, all, are, yo

13、u You are all here. 4.today, who, duty, is, on Who is on duty today? 5.Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, Japanese Miss Wang taught them Japanese 3 years ago. 6.is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the There is much rice in the bag.,20,2 根據中文提示，完成下列句子,1.Have you ever been to (最遠的小島)? 2.We must (保持清潔)

14、 our classroom. 3.They and (每兩小時，必須坐下休息)two hours. 4.After work he always (感到有點兒累). 5.There is (有點兒毛病) with Lindas cats eyes. 6.I can see (沒有異常之物) in the tree. 7.Mr. Fang is (去訪問) his aunt.,the farthest island,keep clean,have to sit down,rest every,feels a little tired,something wrong,nothing unusua

15、l,on a visit to,21,二、句子的種類,陳述句This is a dog.這是一只狗。 疑問句Is this a dog? 這是一只狗嗎？ 感嘆句What a beautiful dog this is！這是只多么漂亮的狗！祈使句Open your eyes!睜開眼睛！,簡單句I am studying.我在讀書。 并列句I was born in a small village and I lived there for ten years. 我出生在一個小村莊里并在那里生活了十年。 復合句As soon as I get there, Ill call you .我一到那兒，

16、就給你打電話。,22,1、陳述句凡是說明一件事情，提出一個看法，或是表達一種心情的句子有肯定式和否定式。句末用句號“”，通常用降調,否定式的縮略形式 is notisnt are notarent was notwasnt were notwerent do notdont does notdoesnt did notdidnt can notcant will notwont must notmustnt have nothavent has nothasnt had nothadnt am not無所寫形式， 應為Im not 形式,a 進行時和被動語態(tài)（現(xiàn)在時、過去時、進行時） 都有be

17、動詞， 所以它們的否定句與be動詞的否定句同形。 這個孩子以前沒有被照顧過。 The child was not looked after. 他們沒在打掃房間。 They arent cleaning the room .,b 將來時（will、shall）、完成時及情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 不能用be動詞的否定句型。 ()They will be not sent to the front. () They will not be sent to the front.,23,B、情態(tài)動詞的否定句 主語情態(tài)動詞not動詞原形 I cannot do it myself. You must not g

18、o there alone.,C 一般動詞的否定句 句型主語do (does, did)not動詞原形,D、現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句 句型主語have/hasnot動詞的過去分詞 這本書我還沒看完。 I havent finished reading the book yet.,E、過去完成時的否定句 句型主語hadnot動詞的過去分詞,24, 否定結構應注意事項,A、使用not的部分否定 如果使用了very，always以及all，both，every及every的復合詞 I dont play football well. I dont play football very well. It i

19、snt always hot here in summer.,25,B、not的其他否定表示,a notat all一點也不 我一點兒也不累。 Im not tired at all. 我一點兒也不喜歡它。 I dont like it at all.,b notany more, notany longer再也不 我再也不在這兒住了。 I dont live here any longer. 我再也不能多吃了。 I can not eat any more.=I can eat no more.,26,C 、使用not以外的否定詞表示否定,a 用no表示：no+名詞not any一點也不 T

20、here is no wind.=There is not any wind.,b never決不（語氣比not強烈） Ill never forget you.,c few/little幾乎沒有,d no one（=nobody）無人,e nothing =not anything什么也沒有,f none of 沒有任何人；什么都沒有 None of them can answer it. I eat none of the food.,g 含有否定副詞seldom(很少)、hardly(幾乎不)的句子。 He can hardly write his name. We seldom wat

21、ch TV.,27,D、tooto（太以至于不）的句型是不使用否定詞的否定句子。,P.15必背,28,2、祈使句 表示請求、命令、建議等。謂語動詞一律用原形。通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆號或句號，用降調。,1含有第二人稱主語的祈使句 A、肯定式：動詞原形（省主語） Stand up. Be quiet, please. Do study hard. Li Ming, come here Come here, Li Ming,表示禁止時， 尤其是標語可用“No+動名詞” 。 No smoking. No parking,B、否定的祈使句 Dont動詞原形,29,祈使句與陳述句的改寫 祈使句You m

22、ust(陳述句) Come here=You must come here. 過來。 你必須過來。 Dont do that again=You mustnt do that again. 別再那樣做了。 你一定不可以再那樣坐了。 Please+祈使句Will you(please)?(陳述句) Please help me.=Will you (please) help me? 請幫幫我。 你愿意幫我的忙嗎？。 Come here on time. 請準時到這兒。 Will you (please) come here on time? 請你準時到好嗎？,30,含有第一、三人稱主語的祈使句,

23、A、肯定的祈使句 Let第一人稱（me, us） Let第三人稱代詞（him/her/it/them）或名詞 咱們馬上動身吧。 Lets go at once Lets go, shall/shant we?. Let us go, will/wont you? Yes, lets/No, lets not. Let me try again Let Tom go there himself,B、否定的祈使句 Lets (us, me)not動詞原形 Dont let第三人稱代詞的賓格或名詞動詞原形 Lets not say anything about it Dont let them pl

24、ay with fire Let them not play with fire.,31,祈使句有時相當于一個if引導的條件狀語從句。 祈使句：Use your head and youll find a way. 條件句：If you use your head, youll find a way. 如果你動動腦筋，你就會找到方法。,句型轉換,32,3、感嘆句表示喜、怒、哀、樂等強烈感情。分為兩種：一種以what引導，一種以how引導。句尾用感嘆號“！”。用降調。,what引導的感嘆句：What+名詞（或形容詞名詞）陳述句（主語謂語）！ (他是個)多么誠實的人啊! What an hones

25、t man he is! (這些是)多么大的蘋果啊! What big apples these are! 多么好的天氣啊! What fine weather it is!,2 how引導的感嘆句：How+形容詞或副詞陳述句（主語謂語）+！ 今天天氣多熱阿！ How hot it is today! 那鳳箏飛得多么高啊! How high the kite is flying! 他跑的多快啊！ How fast he runs! 多么誠實的人??！ How honest the man is! 我多想當個老師阿1 How I want to be a teacher！,當How修飾動詞時 動詞

26、不提前,33,1按要求改寫下列句子,1There is some milk in the bottle(改為否定句) 1. There isnt any milk in the bottle. 2Take the chair to the door(改為否定句) 2. Dont take the chair to the door. 3He did the housework yesterday(改為否定句) 3. He didnt do the housework yesterday. 4The ship is big(改為感嘆句) 4. How big the ship is!/What

27、a big ship it is! 5He does well in maths(改為否定句) 5. He doesnt do well in maths.,34,6They can put the bag in the box(改為否定句) 6. They cannot put the bag in the box. 7Give him a bottle of milk(改為否定句) 7. Dont give him a bottle of milk. 8He had done with the goods before he went away(改為否定句) 8. He hadnt don

28、e with the goods before he went away. 9These people are very brave(改為感嘆句) 9. How brave these people are!/What brave people they are! 10Tom has strong arms(改為What引導的感嘆句) 10. What strong arms Tom has!,35,11This film is very good(改為How引導的感嘆句) 11. How good the film is! 12I want to be a doctor(改為感嘆句) 12.

29、 How I want to be a doctor! 13There was something wrong with the radio(改為否定句) 13. There was nothing wrong with the radio. or: There wasnt anything wrong with the radio. 14You must be kind to the other people(改為祈使句) 14. Be kind to the other people!/Do be kind to the other people! 15You mustnt eat lun

30、ch now(改為祈使句) 15. Dont eat lunch now!,36,16Shall we play tennis after school?(改為祈使句) 16. Lets play tennis after school. 17How cold it is today!(改為肯定陳述句) 17. It is very cold today. 18I think he will come(改為否定句) 18. I dont think he will come. 19He works very hard(改為HOW引導的感嘆句) 19. How hard he works! 20

31、Lets go to see them(改為否定句) 20. Lets not go to see them.,37,2漢譯英,1父親很可憐，他幾乎不會寫他的名字。 1. His father is poor. He can hardly write his name. 2我很少看報紙，我不知道每天都發(fā)生什么事。 2. I seldom read newspapers. I dont know what has happened /happens every day. 3我的父親并非每天早上都到辦公室去。 3. My father does not go to his office every

32、 morning. 4好難的工作呀！ 4. What a difficult job! 5他跳得真高！ 5. How high he jumps!,38,寫作：接受便條,Dear Mr. Dane, I am planning a dinner party for all the experts who have come to Britain to attend the Engineers Conference, The dinner will be held in the Kings Hall of the Bright Hotel beginning at 7:30 p.m. on Tuesday,28 July. I hope that you will be able to join us