unit1Grammar.ppt

1、Direct Speech and Indirect Speech,直接引語與間接引語,9/30/2020,9/30/2020,一、基本含義,1. 直接引語：直接引述別人的話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。 2. 間接引語： 用自己的話引述別人的話，不用引號(hào)。,The Nobel Committee for Chemistry said:His discovery was extremely controversial at first.(引號(hào)內(nèi)的話為直接引語),The Nobel Committee for Chemistry said that his discovery had been extrem

2、ely controversial at first.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句為間接引語),9/30/2020,二、直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)化,轉(zhuǎn)化,人稱的變化,時(shí)態(tài)的變化,指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和方向性動(dòng)詞的變化,主句謂語的變化及連接詞的選擇,直引,間引,9/30/2020,直接引語,間接引語,1.,9/30/2020,直接引語三種語氣,1. 陳述句,2. 一般疑問句,3. 特殊疑問句,e.g. I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, said Annie.,e.g. Does a friend always have

3、to be a person? the writer asks us.,e.g. What do you call your diary? Annies sister asked her.,9/30/2020,直引轉(zhuǎn)間引陳述句,e.g.1: I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, said Annie.,Annie said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.,e.g.2: John said to me,I want to visit t

4、he Great Wall.,John told that he wanted to visit the Great Wall.,9/30/2020,變化：,1. 間引：say/tell sb.that+從句 2. 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞：say/said 不變；say to/said to變?yōu)閠ell/told 3. 人稱 4. 時(shí)態(tài),9/30/2020,直引轉(zhuǎn)間引一般疑問句,e.g.1: Does a friend always have to be a person? the writer asks us.,The writer asks us if a friend always has to

5、 be a person.,(疑問語序),(陳述語序),間引：Ask/wonder whether/if +陳述語序,9/30/2020,直引轉(zhuǎn)間引特殊疑問句,e.g.1: What do you call your diary? Annies sister asked her.,Annies sister asked her what she called her diary.,(陳述語序),間引：Ask/wonder wh-word(特殊疑問詞) +陳述語序,9/30/2020,總結(jié),9/30/2020,直引轉(zhuǎn)間引四種變化,一、人稱的變化 二、時(shí)態(tài)的變化 三、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和

6、方向性動(dòng)詞的變化 四、主句謂語的變化及連接詞的選擇,9/30/2020,一、人稱的變化,口訣: 一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新,(1)一隨主：如果直接引語中有第一人稱，變間接引語時(shí)按照主句中主語的人稱變化。,e.g.: John said,I want to visit the Great Wall.,John said that he wanted to visit the Great Wall.,e.g.: She said,My brother wants to go with me.,She said that her brother wanted to go with her.,9/

7、30/2020,(2)二隨賓：如果直接引語中有第二人稱，變間接引語時(shí)按照主句中賓語保持一致。如果引號(hào)外沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。,e.g.: He said to Kate,How is your sister now?,He asked Kate how her sister then.,e.g.: He said ,You must be careful.,He said that I must be careful.,9/30/2020,(3)第三人稱不更新：如果直接引語中有第三人稱，變間接引語時(shí)人稱一般不需要變化。,e.g.: Mr Smith said,Jack is a good

8、 worker?,Mr Smith said that Jack was a good worker.,9/30/2020,二、時(shí)態(tài)的變化(主句是一般過去時(shí))降級(jí)原則,9/30/2020,e.g.1: She said,I hope you are right.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)),She said that she hoped I was right. (一般過去時(shí)),e.g.2: Lily said,I am reading now.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)),Lily said that she was reading then. (過去進(jìn)行時(shí)),e.g.3: Jenny said,I didnt hea

9、r you.(一般過去時(shí)),Jenny said that she hadnt heard me. (過去完成時(shí)),e.g.4: He said,We hadnt finished the job on time.(過去完成時(shí)),He said that they hadnt finished the job on time. (過去完成時(shí)),9/30/2020,注意：直引變間引“三不變”,(1)直接引語是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理或名言警句時(shí)。,e.g.:The teacher said to us,Light travels much faster than sound.,The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.,(2)在一般過去時(shí)的句子中有具體的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)。,e.g.:The girl said ,I was born in Beijing in 1995.,The girl said that she was born in Beijing in 1995.,(3)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，