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1、Toefl iBT Practice Test TPO 15 Reading Section 1No. of Questions: 14 Time: 20 minutesBegin TestYou can use the countdown timer at the left bottom corner of the screen totime your test.press this button to set the timer Input a numberstart countdownpause countdownCONTINUE15Glacier FormationSet the ti
2、mer before doing the test. Standard time for doing this test is 20 minutes.Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted
3、 mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known
4、 as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become
5、plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.If you cannot see the timer or if you cannot set the timer, youll need to install flash player. Click here to download and install adobe flash player.Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as
6、the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the g
7、lacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumul
8、ated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glacier
9、s are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 1 of 14Glacier FormationThe word 【i
10、nterlocked】 in the passage isclosest in meaning tointermediate linked frozenfully developed Paragraph 1 is marked with Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the groun
11、d, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized sta
12、ge intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, 【 interlocked 】 crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cau
13、se the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitatio
14、n and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high fo
15、r too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to
16、 flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water c
17、ontained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 2 of 14Glacier FormationAccording to paragraph 1, which of the following does NOT describe a stage in the development of firn?Hexagonal c
18、rystals become larger and interlock to form a thick layer.Snow crystals become compacted into grains.Granules recrystallize after melting, refreezing, and further compaction.Grains become denser owing to reduced air space around them.Paragraph 1 is marked with Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ic
19、e that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains b
20、ecome denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger
21、, 【 interlocked 】 crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.Glaciers are open systems, with sno
22、w as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporati
23、on, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumul
24、ate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨 家 制 作 haopingwang880505yahoo
25、.更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Ques
26、tion 3 of 14Glacier FormationThe word 【match】 in the passage is closest in meaning tomeasure enlarge approximate equalGlaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground
27、, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stag
28、e intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause th
29、e ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and
30、 temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to 【 match 】 or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for
31、 too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to
32、flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water co
33、ntained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 4 of 14Glacier FormationThe word 【transform】 in the passage is closest in meaning tobreak push change extendGlaciers are slowly moving mas
34、ses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the
35、 grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules beco
36、me larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.Glaciers are open systems, wit
37、h snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evap
38、oration, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to ac
39、cumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to 【 transform 】 buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨 家 制 作 haopingwang88
40、0505更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the wor
41、lds15Question 5 of 14Glacier FormationAccording to paragraph 2, surplus snow affects a glacier in all the following ways EXCEPT:It provides the pressure needed to cause glacial ice to flow.It offsets losses of ice due to melting, evaporation, and calving.It brings about the formation of firn in the
42、snow it buries.It results in temperate glaciers that are thicker than polar glaciers.Paragraph 2 is marked with Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow
43、 is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage inte
44、rmediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice
45、crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation. Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temp
46、erature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long
47、, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glac
48、iers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained.
49、About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 6 of 14Glacier FormationParagraph 2 implies that which of the following conditions produces the fastest moving glaciers?A climate characteristic of
50、 the polar regions A thick layer of ice in a temperate climate Long, warm summersSnow, firn, and ice that have been buried for several yearsParagraph 2 is marked with Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfa
51、lls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above
52、, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 mete
53、rs, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation. Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed
54、by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to la
55、rge lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial
56、 ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only
57、 to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 7 of 14Glacier FormationThe word 【deceiving】 in the passage is closest in meaning toapproxim
58、ate exaggerated unusual misleadingGlaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction a
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