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1、Toefl iBT Practice Test TPO 15 Reading Section 1No. of Questions: 14 Time: 20 minutesBegin TestYou can use the countdown timer at the left bottom corner of the screen totime your test.press this button to set the timer Input a numberstart countdownpause countdownCONTINUE15Glacier FormationSet the ti

2、mer before doing the test. Standard time for doing this test is 20 minutes.Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted

3、 mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known

4、 as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become

5、plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.If you cannot see the timer or if you cannot set the timer, youll need to install flash player. Click here to download and install adobe flash player.Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as

6、the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the g

7、lacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumul

8、ated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨(dú) 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請(qǐng)聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glacier

9、s are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 1 of 14Glacier FormationThe word 【i

10、nterlocked】 in the passage isclosest in meaning tointermediate linked frozenfully developed Paragraph 1 is marked with Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the groun

11、d, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized sta

12、ge intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, 【 interlocked 】 crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cau

13、se the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitatio

14、n and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high fo

15、r too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to

16、 flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨(dú) 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請(qǐng)聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water c

17、ontained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 2 of 14Glacier FormationAccording to paragraph 1, which of the following does NOT describe a stage in the development of firn?Hexagonal c

18、rystals become larger and interlock to form a thick layer.Snow crystals become compacted into grains.Granules recrystallize after melting, refreezing, and further compaction.Grains become denser owing to reduced air space around them.Paragraph 1 is marked with Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ic

19、e that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains b

20、ecome denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger

21、, 【 interlocked 】 crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.Glaciers are open systems, with sno

22、w as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporati

23、on, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumul

24、ate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨(dú) 家 制 作 haopingwang880505yahoo

25、.更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請(qǐng)聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Ques

26、tion 3 of 14Glacier FormationThe word 【match】 in the passage is closest in meaning tomeasure enlarge approximate equalGlaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground

27、, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stag

28、e intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause th

29、e ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and

30、 temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to 【 match 】 or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for

31、 too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to

32、flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨(dú) 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請(qǐng)聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water co

33、ntained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 4 of 14Glacier FormationThe word 【transform】 in the passage is closest in meaning tobreak push change extendGlaciers are slowly moving mas

34、ses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the

35、 grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules beco

36、me larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.Glaciers are open systems, wit

37、h snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evap

38、oration, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to ac

39、cumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to 【 transform 】 buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨(dú) 家 制 作 haopingwang88

40、0505更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請(qǐng)聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the wor

41、lds15Question 5 of 14Glacier FormationAccording to paragraph 2, surplus snow affects a glacier in all the following ways EXCEPT:It provides the pressure needed to cause glacial ice to flow.It offsets losses of ice due to melting, evaporation, and calving.It brings about the formation of firn in the

42、snow it buries.It results in temperate glaciers that are thicker than polar glaciers.Paragraph 2 is marked with Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow

43、 is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage inte

44、rmediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice

45、crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation. Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temp

46、erature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long

47、, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glac

48、iers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨(dú) 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請(qǐng)聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained.

49、About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 6 of 14Glacier FormationParagraph 2 implies that which of the following conditions produces the fastest moving glaciers?A climate characteristic of

50、 the polar regions A thick layer of ice in a temperate climate Long, warm summersSnow, firn, and ice that have been buried for several yearsParagraph 2 is marked with Glaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfa

51、lls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains become denser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfall above

52、, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozen meltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30 mete

53、rs, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation. Glaciers are open systems, with snow as the systems input and meltwater as the system s main output. The glacial system is governed

54、by two basic climatic variables: precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to la

55、rge lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long, then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial

56、 ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow.Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.獨(dú) 家 制 作 更多TPO托福相關(guān)資料請(qǐng)聯(lián)系QQ1205126681Glaciers are part of Earths hydrologic cycle and are second only

57、 to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent ofEarths water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure, however, since over 80 percent of the worlds15Question 7 of 14Glacier FormationThe word 【deceiving】 in the passage is closest in meaning toapproxim

58、ate exaggerated unusual misleadingGlaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snowfalls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction a