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1、命題作文比其它限定性的作文給寫作者的空間要大一些,但也更難了一些。尤其是文章的開頭,如何在沒有任何提示性語言的前提下扣緊題目,點(diǎn)題開篇,這的確是讓寫作者關(guān)注的問題。下面就來介紹幾種常用于文章開頭的句型:generally speakingas we all knownowadays, with the development of, peoples views on vary from person to person.in recent years, there has been a widespread attitude towardsit is a famous saying thata

2、s the proverb sayshave you ever thought /wondered that?these days we often hear aboutbut is this really the case?many people often ask this questionit is often said thata recent study provided thatwhen asked about, many/most people believe thatwhen it comes to, peoples opinions differ.most people of

3、 the opinion that there is a general discussion today about文章開頭有兩個(gè)重要的任務(wù):用主旨句說明全文的中心思想;吸引讀者的注意力。開頭往往是不容易寫好的部分,許多作者喜歡先繞幾個(gè)圈子再回到正題,這樣容易使讀者抓不到要旨而失去耐性,不再繼續(xù)閱讀。因此一定要開門見山,直抒胸臆。開頭部分常用的寫作方法有:1諺語名言法引用名人名言、人們熟悉的諺語、格言、俗語、成語等,既可增強(qiáng)文章的感染力,從而引起讀者的共鳴;又可點(diǎn)題或表明作者的觀點(diǎn)。例如:題目:healthas the proverb goes, “no one knows the valu

4、e of health until he loses it.” in other words, nothing is more valuable than health.再如:題目:how to read books“some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” perhaps this is the best advice on how to read, given by francis bacon.2主題句法在文章的開頭開門見山、直截了當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)明全文的

5、主題,從而避免偏題。例如:題目:chinas entry into the wtochinas entry into the wto is widely accepted. however, as its double edged, it will bring us opportunities as well as challenges.大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)寫作一本通該段點(diǎn)明主題:中國加入世貿(mào)組織既是機(jī)遇又是挑戰(zhàn)。3提問法在文章開頭提出一個(gè)或一連串問題,以激起讀者的興趣,從而引出主題。例如:as students of science you are probably sometimes puzzl

6、ed by the terms “pure” and “applied” science. are these two totally different activities having little or no interconnections, as is often implied? let us begin by examing what is done by each. 大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試教程 寫作與范文本段中提出問題純科學(xué)和應(yīng)用科學(xué)完全不相關(guān)嗎?從而也為下文的解釋作過渡。4定義法通常是對文章的標(biāo)題、主題、關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行釋義,引起討論,以便用舉例、推理等方法展開論述。例如:題目:on

7、clonethe term clone may not be new to many people. it refers to the descendant of a single plant or animal, produced non-sexually from any one cell which is exactly the same as the parent. 大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)寫作一本通5故事法用簡單而引人入勝的小故事引起讀者興趣,從而提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。例如:題目:the problems of the handicappedi have a friend who has lost

8、one of his legs through an accident. suddenly from an active sportsman, he is reduced to a reluctant spectator. he just cannot run around kicking a football anymore nor participate in many games that he used to do. he has to hobble around on his crutches. i can see the anguish in his face whenever h

9、e watches others run around freely while his movements are drastically curtailed. it is obvious that the handicapped face many problems in our society. 解讀英文寫作該段一開始講了一個(gè)故事:一次事故使得我的朋友的生活發(fā)生了很大變化,從而引出文章的主題,即本段的最后一句:殘疾人面臨許多問題。結(jié)論段同開篇一樣重要,它是對全文要點(diǎn)的概括總結(jié),表達(dá)作者的目的,給讀者留下一個(gè)深刻完整的印象,以增強(qiáng)文章的效果。有時(shí)也用于展望未來,提出今后方向或令人深思的問題

10、,給讀者留下回味和思考的余地。用于文章結(jié)尾的句型主要有:judging from all evidence offered, we may safely draw the conclusion thatfrom what have been discussed above, we may say thatall the evidence supports a conclusion thatall the evidence points to a sound view thatit is, therefore, clear that/apparent thatso we must be awar

11、e of the importance ofsince all of s have realized, why not?it is high time that we played emphasis onit is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.下面介紹幾種常見的結(jié)尾方法:1總結(jié)式對全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括總結(jié),揭示主題。如:題目:the land of the lock that may be the legacy we remember best when we look back

12、 on this age: in dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves. all of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles. 全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程該段對應(yīng)題目“鎖之國”,揭示出文章的主題:我們把自己變成了囚犯。2建議式就文章討論的問題或現(xiàn)象,提出解決的方法和建議。如:題目:man and environmentin view of the seriousness of this problem, people are startin

13、g to take measures, such as treating waste gases, protecting water sources, and purifying waste water. but this problem will not be solved until everybody understands the importance of protecting our environment.大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)寫作一本通 該段對保護(hù)環(huán)境提出了建議:采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境,更重要的是,要認(rèn)識(shí)到保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。又如:題目:learning, chinese stylebut a

14、ssuming that the contrast i have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: can we gather, from the chinese and american extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between

15、the poles of creativity and basic skills? 全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程本段以問句的形式提出建議:我們是否可以從中美兩個(gè)極端中尋求一種更好的教育方式,在創(chuàng)造力和基本技能之間獲得某種較好的平衡?3展望式對文中的問題提出解決方式,展望問題解決的前景,以增加文章的感染力。如:no one is suggesting that we go back to the 1950s. the cleaver household was a fantasy even then, not reality. but we might borrow one important les

16、son from the cleaver. it is that family life is just as important as work or play. if we agree, well find ways of spending more time together. well find things to share. and then there will be something right with the picture. 全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程本段回應(yīng)主題,指出家庭生活也很重要。針對目前家庭成員忙于各自的工作和娛樂而忽視與家人相聚這一事實(shí),提出解決問題的方式,展望前

17、景:如果我們設(shè)法找到更多時(shí)間與家人聚在一起,我們就能找到更多共同的樂趣,那么,家庭生活就更美妙了。4引語式用格言、諺語或習(xí)語總結(jié)全文,既言簡意賅又有更強(qiáng)的說服力。如:題目:my first jobthis was the last straw. i was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity. 大學(xué)英語精讀“the last straw”是個(gè)習(xí)語,來自“it is the last straw that breaks the camels back.”,意思是“

18、最后一根稻草壓斷了駱駝背”,是指本來的工作或處境就已經(jīng)很糟糕,再額外增加的東西足以讓人難以忍受。本段用簡潔的語言表明了作者對這件工作的舍棄。5警示式指出所討論問題的嚴(yán)重性或可能出現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)重后果,以引起讀者對所討論問題的高度重視。如:題目:theres only luckand im sure there will be a next time. it can happen anywhere, anytime, to anyone. security is an illusion: there is no safety in locks or in guns. guns make some peo

19、ple feel safe and some people feel strong, but they are fooling themselves. 大學(xué)英語精讀在本段中作者指出目前社會(huì)治安的混亂使得人們沒有安全感,以引起讀者對自身安全的重視。求職信 寫求職信的目的是爭取面試的機(jī)會(huì),換句話說,也就是要使對方相信你是一個(gè)值得考慮的人選,求職信要用簡短明了的句子反映你的才干、成績、目標(biāo)。求職信的內(nèi)容包括:1告知收信人你從何處獲悉對方有職位空缺2自我介紹(學(xué)歷、工作經(jīng)歷等)3希望對方早日回復(fù)并提供面試機(jī)會(huì)4說明聯(lián)系方式may 25, 2005 dear sirs, i am looking for

20、 a position in an engineering department in which i may use my training in computer science to solve engineering problems. i would be interested in exploring the possibility of obtaining such a position within your firm. i expect to receive a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from

21、 tangshan institute of technology in june. since september 2003 i have been participating, through my institute, in the professional training program as programmer trainee and have gained a great deal of experience in computer applications. details of the academic courses i have taken are contained

22、in the enclosed resume.may i have an appointment for an interview with you to discuss my qualifications in detail? please write to me at my home or telephone me at 221701 any weekday.sincerely, li ming范例1譯文:我希望能謀求一個(gè)職位,以應(yīng)用我在計(jì)算機(jī)方面的培訓(xùn)解決工程學(xué)方面的問題。獲悉貴公司需聘用這樣的人才,我非常感興趣。我將于6月份獲得唐山技術(shù)學(xué)院機(jī)械工程學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)士學(xué)位。自2003年至今,我

23、參加了我院舉辦的“計(jì)算機(jī)程序員專業(yè)培訓(xùn)”活動(dòng),并獲得了大量的計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我受訓(xùn)的專業(yè)課程的細(xì)節(jié),您會(huì)在我所附的履歷表中看到。我能榮幸獲得面試的機(jī)會(huì)并與您一起探討錄用之事嗎?請寫信到我家或在工作日打電話2217019。 李茗(簽字)1 范例286 shengli roadyantai 264000feb 16th, 2004personnel managerhuman resources officeedward international corp.room 2035, 95 nandajie roadyantai 264001dear sir,in answer to your a

24、dvertisement in yesterdays china daily for the position of executive consultant, i take the liberty to offer my services.from my resume, you can learn that i have some experience in this line. since i completed my post-graduate program and received my b.s. degree in fudan university, i have worked a

25、s a consultant in greenleave co. ltd. as i have been with greenleave co. for four years, i think i need to have a change. im enthusiastic, young, sociable and ambitious. im confident that if you could give me a chance to work in your company, ill be qualified for the job.i would appreciate it very m

26、uch if you could consider my application favorably at your earliest convenience and give me a reply. i can be reached by phone ator the address at the heading. yours sincerelyzhang ling 譯文:從昨天的中國日報(bào)獲悉貴方需聘用執(zhí)行顧問人員,我欲來應(yīng)聘。從我的簡歷,你們能了解到我在這個(gè)行業(yè)有一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)。自從我復(fù)旦大學(xué)畢業(yè),獲取碩士學(xué)位后,我一直在綠葉公司作顧問工作四年。現(xiàn)在我想換一下工作。我年

27、輕,熱情,有抱負(fù),社交能力強(qiáng)。如果貴公司能錄用我,我相信自己必能勝任此職。如貴方認(rèn)為本人符合錄用條件,請?jiān)诜奖愕臅r(shí)候,盡早給我答復(fù),本人將不勝感激。我的聯(lián)系電話地址在信頭部分。 真摯的 張靈求職信的常用句型有:1表示“據(jù)悉(或據(jù)報(bào)載)貴方需聘用人員,我欲來應(yīng)聘”。1)in answer to your advertisement in yesterdays china daily for the position of secretary, i take the liberty to offer my services.2)having been told that

28、there is a vacancy in your office. i beg to take the liberty of offering you my services for the position.3)having learnt that you desire the service of an office clerk. i respectfully offer my services as an applicant for the position.4)in reply to your advertisement in todays yantai evening paper

29、for a market analyst, i would like to offer myself as a candidate for the post.5)having seen your advertisement in the newspaper of this date for an interpreter, i beg to offer my services for the vacant post.2表示“本人曾在任職,具有這方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn),相信自己必能勝任此職”。1)i have had sufficient experience in the work you have adv

30、ertised.2) as i have already had some experience as a clerk, i trust that i shall succeed in giving you satisfaction.3) from my resume, you learn that i have some experience in this line.3表示“如貴方認(rèn)為本人符合錄用條件,本人懇請面談”。1)i would enjoy discussing my qualifications with you at your convenience.2)i trust that my qualifications will m

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