現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

1、最新 料推薦現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都表示一個(gè)在過去完成的動(dòng)作。它們屬于不同時(shí)間的兩種時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇，而一般過去時(shí)屬于過去時(shí)態(tài)的范疇。下面我們先從構(gòu)成形式上區(qū)別一下兩種時(shí)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式為：“(haves)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”像 have/has done：而一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式為：“動(dòng)詞的過去式”像did . 例如：Jack s mother took him to school every day when hewas in primary school.杰克在小學(xué)時(shí)他媽媽每天送他上學(xué)。Maria has never read any C

2、hinese stories.瑪利亞從未讀過中國故事。2. 基本用法不同： “對(duì)現(xiàn)在影響” 、“持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”正如前面所說，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，屬現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)最大的區(qū)別有兩點(diǎn)：它側(cè)重于過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；而一般過去時(shí)是一種過去時(shí)態(tài)，側(cè)重于表示過去的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。例如:Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了動(dòng)物園。 （僅說明昨天去了動(dòng)物園，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）Li Lei has read the book.李磊已看過那本書。 （說明李磊1最新 料推薦了解那本書的內(nèi)容）另外， 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以表示動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)

3、在，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性它常與for 及 since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：He has lived here for ten years.他已在這兒住了10 年了。比較：1.)The Greens have worked in China since 1998.格林一家自1998 年到現(xiàn)在一直在中國工作。The Greens worked in China in 1998.格林一家 1998 年在中國工作。2.) He has lived in the country for a long time.他在農(nóng)村生活了很長時(shí)間。 （現(xiàn)在還在農(nóng)村）He lived in the country

4、 for a long time before he came to town.他進(jìn)城前在農(nóng)村生活了很長時(shí)間。3.) She has bought a bicycle.她買了一輛自行車。 （現(xiàn)在她有一輛自行車了。 ）She bought a bicycle last year.去年她買了一輛自行車。4.) He has won a prize for his invention.他因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)明而獲獎(jiǎng)了。He also won a prize last year.他去年也獲獎(jiǎng)了。注意：2最新 料推薦在與 for 及 since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，終止性動(dòng)詞

5、不可和一段時(shí)間連用。例如：他當(dāng)兵已三年了。誤： He has become a soldier for three years.誤： He joined the army for three years.正： He has been a soldier for three years.正： He has been in the army for three years.1.連用的時(shí)間狀語不同與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語除了上面所說明的由since 和for 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間外還有：already, yet, still ,just, so far,in the last(past), before

6、, ever, never等。而一般過去時(shí)則常與 ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now等連用。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)不可與yesterday, last week, two daysago 等之類的表示具體的過去時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如：Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grassin the park?你曾在公園里摘過花或曾踩過草地嗎？Father bought that watch ten years ago.爸爸 10 年前買了那塊手表。I have never seen the film be

7、fore.我以前沒有看過這部影片。注意：在 when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中不可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而3最新 料推薦只可用一般過去時(shí)。例如：When did you visit Japan?你什么時(shí)候訪問過日本？Exercises:同步練習(xí)動(dòng)詞填空：1.sawI _(see) Tom last Friday.2.Did ， go_you _(go) to theGreat Wall last summer?3.When _did_ you _start_(start) tolive in China?5.-The train _ (leave) already.-When _ the train_(lea

8、ve)?6.It is five years since I _(meet) youlast.7.Where _ you _(be) for the lasttwo weeks?4最新 料推薦8.I _ (lose) my pen in the bedroom.I have to write with a pencil.單項(xiàng)選擇：() 1. -Where _ the recorder? I can tsee it anywhere.- I _ it right here. But now itsgone!A. did you put; have putB. haveyou put; putC.

9、 had you put; was puttingD. wereyou putting; have put() 2. My father _ here since he _ tothis school.A. taught; cameB. hastaught; cameC. taught; has comeD. hastaught; has come5最新 料推薦() 3. I am sorry youve missed the train. It_ 10 minutes ago. (山東 )A. leftB. has leftC. has beenleftD. had left() 4. Hi

10、! Jim! Nice to meet you again! Its oneyear since I last _ you.(重慶 )A. sawB. seeC.seeingD. have seen() 5. - Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa? （寧波）- Yes, I _ it yesterday.A. have visitedB. had visitedC.visitedD. visit() 6. - Nice to see you. I _ you for along time. (南京 )- I _ in Bejing. Ive ju

11、st come back.A. hadn t seen; amB. haven tseen; was6最新 料推薦C. didn t see; will beD. haven tseen; shall be() 7. -What is the weather like this summerhere?- There _ very little rain.A. hasB. has beenC.areD. have been() 8. When _you _ your dictionary?A. did; loseB. has; lostC. will; loseD.does; lose() 9. Where _ you _? Which answer isnot right?A. are; goingB. have;beenC. did; goD. are; doing() 10. There _ many great changes in myhometown since ten