2019年高中英語《名詞》專題復(fù)習(xí)

1、2019年高考英語數(shù)詞名詞專題復(fù)習(xí)一、專有名詞主要是指人名、地名或某類人或事物的名稱，如Beijing，China等普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞(Common Nouns)1不可數(shù)名詞(Uncountable Nouns)抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns/物質(zhì)名詞(Material Nouns)2可數(shù)名詞(Countable Nouns)集體名詞(Collective Nouns)/ 個體名詞(Individual Nouns)個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞（Countable Nouns），物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一

2、般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountable Nouns）。二、Proper Nouns:指人名、地名及某些人和事物專有的名稱Diana; Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Years Day專有名詞的第一個字母要大寫專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語,則必須使用定冠詞the姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義)翻譯：1長城_ _ _2頤和園_ _ _3紫禁城_ _ _ 4美國_ _ _5聯(lián)合國_ _ _6懷特一家 7布朗一家 三不可數(shù)名詞1Abstract Nouns:表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念2Material

3、Nouns: 指無法分為個體的物質(zhì)常見的不可數(shù)名詞:進步 喜悅 趣味，樂趣 興奮 消息 信息 紙張 水 牛奶 忠告 行李 設(shè)備 一杯水 兩張紙 三瓶牛奶 一則好消息 在。取得進步 改錯:1The progress he has made in art are beyond what we can imagine.2 Would you like to be kind enough to give me some advices on how to learn English well?3 May I have your attention please? Here are some good

4、news for you.4Some people think cooking is really a fun.Collective Nouns: 表示若干個個體組成的集合體army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public四、集體名詞集體名詞有時作單數(shù)看待，有時作復(fù)數(shù)看。一般來說，視為整體時作單數(shù)看，突出它的成員時作復(fù)數(shù)看。His family _ not large. (be)His family _ all music lovers. (be)集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)：police , cattle , people 警

5、方正在搜尋與那個案子相關(guān)的證據(jù)The police _ _ _ the evidence related to the case.牛主要靠吃草為生。Cattle _ _ _ grass.集體名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞: clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage),machinery, wealth五、名詞的數(shù)1.規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化:（1）一般的詞，包括元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，直接在詞尾加s（2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es box watch match class fox branch （3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y

6、為i再加esfactory dictionary library city boy valley toy way ray day play key （4）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，應(yīng)變f或fe為v再加-eslife wife knife half leaf, wolf thief roof proof belief chief (5) 以o結(jié)尾的有生命的詞加es；無生命的加s：以oo結(jié)尾的加sphoto radio piano zoo studio bamboo kangroo tomato potato, hero （6）改變字母man woman policeman saleswoman foo

7、t tooth goose mouse （7）加字母child ox 改錯1His company has several branch in big cities such as Beijing and Guangzhou.2Children should learn to share toies with their partners.3 He never goes to work on feet.4 He has offered much proofs to prove he is not guilty.(8)名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語做操 做筆記 輪流 交朋友 握手 如下 大量地，大批的

8、 六、名詞的所有格1原則上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名詞用s屬格，如：the teachers book; the horses tail2of屬格：多用于無生命現(xiàn)象的名詞當(dāng)一個名詞有較長的定語時，就只能用of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。書的封面 名勝地 李平弟弟的玩具 3以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格形式只在詞后加教師節(jié) 難童鞋 婦女節(jié) 兒童節(jié) 兩者或兩者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用所有格形式，如:Tom and Mikes room;若表示分別擁有時，則要在每個名詞后用所有格形式，如:Toms and Mikes rooms約翰與喬丹共住的房子裝飾得很好。_ is well decorated.七、

9、名詞在句子中的作用 （Function)功 能 例 子 主語Bush was elected president. 表語These are not goats but sheep. 賓語She was reading a book.同位語Mr. Smith, the manager, will host the meeting. 定語You are supposed to gather at the school gate. 補語Marx made London the base of revolution. 狀語The couple walked shoulder to shoulder.

10、呼語Be quiet, children. 連詞The moment they saw the tower, they cheered.專題綜合測試（一）一、 單句填空1.My first (impress)of her was that she was a kind and beautiful business woman.2.In most countries,either paper of other things made from metal (be)recycled for future use.3.Large amounts of money (be)spent on the b

11、ridge,which (expect)to be completed the next students (be)boys,and part of them (be)interested in biology.5.Do you still believe in your next-friend?-yes,I always hold the (believe) that he is an honest fellow.6.Still many students havent realized reading English newspapers (be)of great help to thei

12、r English study.7.Yesterday,an expert together with some assistants, (send)there to help them.8.The minister stressed that under no circumstances (be)the disabled to be looked down upon.9.Anyway,I cant cheat parentsits against all my (principle).10.What the Chinese teacher does and says (be)of great

13、 importance to students.11.Are you prepared for the questions can be beyond (expect)and difficult to answer at times.12.Do you know why Jane was so angry? -Her roommate gave in to (curious)and opened the letter addressed to her.13. Hapiness and success (dependence)on ourselves, and we must seize the

14、 chance.14.We bought the house for its (convenient).It is very near the shop where I work.15.Not only I but also Jane and Mary (be)tired of the examination one after another.二、語法填空 Sometimes Chinese English teachers 1(puzzle)by such questions as “Can you tell me how to read smoothly?” “Have you got

15、any skills in reading?” Actually, many of the teachers cant give students an efficient way to deal with reading. Anyway, 2 often simply say, “Read more and practice more,and you 3 (get)more experience in English reading.”Frankly,these teachers good 4 (suggest)are only helpful to deal with 5 (various

16、)of questions in the examinations of reading comprehension.Personally,I think the skill for reading comprehension should be based 6 the knowledge of English writing.Since the English passages 7 (write)under some rules or principles,the science of reading and understanding may have a close relationsh

17、ip with writing.Reading comprehension cant be independent from the knowledge of writing. So 8 (do) better in reading comprehension,we should learn the knowledge of writing, study how questions 9 (design)and the relationship 10 questions and the reading materials. 專題綜合測試（二）一、單句填空1.She apologized to m

18、e for her inappropriate (behave)toward me .2.My (suggest)is that we should always have a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.3.I have many bad (habit).Which one should I give up first?4.She was saying mean things about Sarah to other friends when she didnt know the (true),but I dont want to

19、 tell her that to her face.5.Oh,here (come)the waiter.6.Most of the (family)of the this village have private cars.7.In (real),violent crimes are still extreme rare.8.My sister is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.9.At present,one of the arguments in favor o

20、f the new airport (be)that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.10.It is ones inner beauty that (matter).11.I love traveling and seeing different (place).12.There was some (confuse)as to whether we had won or lost.13.He never ceased to be amazed by her (strong).14.They have changed the (appear)of

21、 the whole house.15.The entrance of the underground is five (minute)walk from here.二、語法填空 Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wished that he was as easy to please as her mother, 1 was always delighted with perfume. Besides,shopping at this time of the year 2 (be)not a pleasant experience:people stepped on your 3 (foot)or pushed you with their elbows,hurrying ahead to get to a bar