前置定語與后置定語

1、一、單個(gè)詞作定語后置的情況1、以a-開頭的表示狀態(tài)的形容詞，一般在句子中當(dāng)表語成份，但作定語時(shí)須后置，類似的形容詞有：alive, asleep, alike, alone. awake, aware, ashamed, adrift, ablaze, absent, afraid, available等如：He spoke like a man afraid.他說話的時(shí)候像是很害怕似的。Tom was the only boy awake at that tine.那時(shí)湯姆是唯一醒著的男孩。The house ablaze is next door to mine.那著火的房子就在我家隔壁。

2、2、部分表示方位、處所、時(shí)間副詞作定語。如here, there, above, below, upstairs. downstairs.outside, inside, around. today, nearby等常作后置定語。如：A boy outside is waiting for you.People there are very friendly.The man upstairs is making a noise.3、形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)應(yīng)后置I have something important to tell you.There is nothing serious.The

3、re is nobody suitable for the job.4、else只作后置定語，修飾疑問詞或不定代詞。When else shall we meet again, if Friday is not convenient for you?Ask someone else to help you if David is not free.Who else can we turn to?5、left和remaining都表示有“剩下的”的意思，但left只作后置定語。如：There is five minutes left.remaining應(yīng)作前置定語。如：The lady boug

4、ht a gift for her daughter as a birthday gift with the remaining 30 dollars.6、involved意為“有牽連的”，“涉及到的”，只作后置定語，如：the problems involved.7、有些詞既可作前置定語，也可作后置定語。如：possible, enough, more（另外，附加的）properI dont have wine enough for five persons at the moment=I dont have enough wine for five persons at the momen

5、t.They thought about all the means possible（= possible means）Today I will have to write two letters more（= two more letters）8、有些詞既可當(dāng)作前置定語又可當(dāng)后置定語，但含義不一樣。如：used, concerned, presentAll the people present（在場的）voted for him.Present situation is serious.（目前的，現(xiàn)在的）All parties concerned（有關(guān)的）are present.Conce

6、rned（憂慮的）parents held a meeting.the method used is very efficient（運(yùn)用的，使用的）This is a used bike.（舊的）二、短語作后置定語。1、介詞短語、副詞短語、形容詞短語等用作后置定語。如The man in the car is Jims father.（介詞短語）He made a report on modern science（介詞短語）A friend in need is a friend indeed（介詞短語）I live in a village far from here（副詞短語）He cas

7、t it a second time, and drew in an old basket full of sand（形容詞短語）2、不定式用作后置定語。如：Would you like something to drinkWhat do you plan to do in the year to comeThe building to be built was designed by Mr Wang. =The building which will be built was designed by Mr Wang.（相當(dāng)一個(gè)定語從句）3、不定式經(jīng)常用作一些名詞的后置定語，常見的這類名詞有w

8、ay,chance, opportunity, courage, time, week, wish, need, promise, plan, right.如：You have no right to speakIf I have the chance to go abroad Ill never let it go.4、一般來講，謂語動(dòng)詞能接不定式當(dāng)賓語，當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞時(shí)，也接不定式當(dāng)后置定語。如：You promised to write us regularly.（不定式當(dāng)賓語）You havent kept your promise to write us regularly.（

9、不定式當(dāng)后置定語）He planned to start a company（不定式當(dāng)賓語）He told me his plan to start a company.（不定式當(dāng)后置定語）5、分詞作定語。單個(gè)分詞一般作前置定語，而分詞短語作后置定語，此時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化相應(yīng)的定語從句。The old man has a walking stick（動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)定語表示用途）Can yon see the falling leaves in the sky.（現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)定語表示動(dòng)作進(jìn)行）Deer dont like eating fallen leaves（過去分詞當(dāng)定語表示動(dòng)作完成）The man ru

10、nning on the playground is our English teacher.（現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)后置定語，與被修飾詞存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系）=The man who is running on the playgroundis our English teacher.Do you know the girl dancing in the center?The food cooked by my mother was delicious.（過去分詞當(dāng)后置語與被修飾詞存在動(dòng)作的完成與被動(dòng)關(guān)系）=The food which was cooked by my mother was delicious

11、.The building built was designed by Mr Warg.=The building which was built was designed by Mr Wang.There were over 300 people trapped above the fire.The building being built was designed by Mr Wang.（過去分詞的進(jìn)行式作后置定語表示與被修飾詞存在動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行）=The building which is being built was designed by Mr Wang.三、從句作定語都是后置.一個(gè)句子修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞，我們稱之為定語從句，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，非限制性定語從句常用逗號(hào)隔開，表示補(bǔ)充說明。In the north where it is cold, they grow wheat.I will never forget the day, on which I joined the Party.I know the only route that l