視覺(jué)信號(hào)通信[詳細(xì)]

1、8 Visual Signaling,視覺(jué)信號(hào)通信,8 Visual Signaling,確保船舶在任何時(shí)候都能與外界聯(lián)系，不僅是海上航行和生產(chǎn)所必需的，而且與海上人命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全息息相關(guān)。 STCW公約明確要求負(fù)責(zé)航行值班的駕駛員應(yīng)能用視覺(jué)通信發(fā)出和接收信號(hào)，具備用莫爾斯燈收發(fā)信息的能力及使用國(guó)際信號(hào)規(guī)則的能力。可見(jiàn)，視覺(jué)和聲響通信與無(wú)線(xiàn)電通信一樣都是船舶駕駛?cè)藛T必須掌握的基本技能之一。 視覺(jué)和聲響通信包括：燈光通信、旗號(hào)通信、手旗或手臂通信、音響通信和強(qiáng)力揚(yáng)聲器喊話(huà)等。,8 Visual Signaling,8.1 船舶信號(hào)設(shè)備及配備 8.2 船舶信號(hào)設(shè)備的保養(yǎng) 8.3 國(guó)際信號(hào)規(guī)則 8.4

2、 船舶掛旗常識(shí) 8.5 通信要素的表示方法 8.6 船舶呼號(hào),8.1 船舶信號(hào)設(shè)備及配備,8.1.1 HAND FLAGS 手旗是2面方形旗，邊長(zhǎng)40cm，根部套有一根木棍。分為字母“O”和字母“P”兩種，根據(jù)通信時(shí)的不同背景選用。 適用于白天、距離較近且視距良好的情況下，一般為13n mile。,手旗信號(hào),8.1 船舶信號(hào)設(shè)備及配備,8.1.2 International signal flags It is used in day time under good visibility. 5 Colours: Red, Yellow, White, Black, Blue 40 pieces

3、 in total : Alphabetical flag: A-Z , 26 pieces in total; Numeral flags: 0-9, 10 pieces in total; Substitutes: first substitute, second substitute, third substitute, 3 pieces in total; Answering pendant: 1 piece.,8.1 船舶信號(hào)設(shè)備及配備,8.1.2 International signal flags Shapes of signal flags Burgee flag letter

4、 flag A,B Rectangular flag CZ Pennant numeral flag general section; medical section. Part 3. Appendix. Distress signal procedure of transmission of message.,8.3 International Code of Signal,8.3.2 Single letter signals: Single letter signals which is from A to Z (except the R) havebeen allocated to s

5、ignals which are very urgent or very important or of very common use. They may be made by any method of signaling, and their meaning should be always committed to memory.,Single letter signals,A - I have a diver down; keep well clear at slow speed. B*- I am taking in, or discharging, or carrying dan

6、gerous goods. C*- Yes (affirmative or “The significance of the previous group should be read in the affirmative”). D*- Keep clear of me; I am maneuvering with difficulty. E*- I am altering my course to starboard.,Single letter signals,F - I am disabled; communicate with me. G*- I require a pilot. Wh

7、en made by fishing vessels operating in close proximity on the fishing grounds it means: “I am hauling nets”. H - I have a pilot on board. I* - I am altering my course to port. J - I am on fire and have dangerous cargo on board, keep well clear of me, or I am leaking dangerous cargo.,Single letter s

8、ignals,K - I wish to communicate with you. L - You should stop your vessel instantly. M - My vessel is stopped and making no way through the water. N - No (negative or “The significance of the previous group should be read in the negative”). This signal may be given only visually or by sound. For vo

9、ice or radio transmission the signal should be “NO”. O - Man overboard.,Single letter signals,P - In harbor. All persons should report on board as the vessel is about to proceed to sea. At sea. It may be used by fishing vessels to mean: “My nets have come fast upon an obstruction”. It may also be us

10、ed as a sound to mean: “I require a pilot”. Q - My vessel is “healthy” and I request free pratique. S*- I am operating astern propulsion. T*- Keep clear of me; I am engaged in pair trawling.,Single letter signals,U - You are running into danger. V - I require assistance. W - I require medical assist

11、ance. X - Stop carrying out your intentions and watch for my signals. Y - I am dragging my anchor. Z*- I require a tug. When made by fishing vessels operating in close proximity on the fishing grounds it means: “I am shooting nets”.,MORSE SYMBOLS,MORSE SYMBOLS,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),一、船舶掛旗類(lèi)別 1、船頭公司旗 停泊時(shí)懸于船首最前端旗

12、桿上，航行時(shí)不掛。 2、公司旗 （該船所屬公司的標(biāo)志旗） 懸于后桅頂。,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),一、船舶掛旗類(lèi)別 3、國(guó)旗 國(guó)旗代表國(guó)家主權(quán)和尊嚴(yán)。各國(guó)對(duì)國(guó)旗的懸掛均有各自的要求。中國(guó)籍船舶及進(jìn)入中國(guó)內(nèi)水、港口、錨地的外國(guó)籍船舶都應(yīng)該遵守我國(guó)的船舶升降國(guó)旗管理辦法。規(guī)定如下： （1）懸掛時(shí)間： 每日早升、晚降，惡劣天氣除外。 船舶在航行、錨泊時(shí)，由48點(diǎn)的值班水手負(fù)責(zé)升降；靠泊時(shí)由相應(yīng)班次的值班水手負(fù)責(zé)。,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),一、船舶掛旗類(lèi)別 3、國(guó)旗 （2）懸掛位置： 中國(guó)籍船懸掛于船尾旗桿上。無(wú)船尾旗桿的掛于駕駛臺(tái)信號(hào)桅頂部或右橫桁。 外國(guó)籍船懸掛中國(guó)國(guó)旗時(shí)，應(yīng)懸掛于前桅或駕駛臺(tái)信號(hào)桅頂部

13、或右橫桁。 當(dāng)中國(guó)國(guó)旗與其他旗幟同時(shí)懸掛于右橫桁時(shí)，中國(guó)國(guó)旗應(yīng)掛于最外側(cè)。 （3）船舶所懸掛的中國(guó)國(guó)旗，應(yīng)當(dāng)整潔，不得破損、污損、褪色和不合規(guī)格。,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),二、各類(lèi)旗幟升降時(shí)間 1、不論在航行或停泊時(shí)，應(yīng)懸掛的各類(lèi)旗幟通常應(yīng)在日出時(shí)升起，日落時(shí)降下。 2、在升旗時(shí)，應(yīng)首先升起國(guó)旗，隨后升起其他各旗；降旗時(shí)，應(yīng)先降下其他各類(lèi)旗幟，最后降下國(guó)旗。 3、在極地航行時(shí)，冬天應(yīng)在能看得見(jiàn)的情況下懸升相關(guān)旗幟。 4、船舶在進(jìn)出港或其他必要顯示國(guó)籍的情況下，國(guó)旗及各旗的是升降時(shí)間視需要提早或延遲。,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),三、升、降旗的正確操作方法 1、國(guó)旗 國(guó)旗是代表一個(gè)國(guó)家的尊嚴(yán)。保護(hù)國(guó)旗是

14、所有海員的光榮職責(zé)，應(yīng)時(shí)刻注意國(guó)旗的懸掛狀態(tài)。 升國(guó)旗時(shí)應(yīng)緩慢升起，并應(yīng)升到頂后系勞旗繩，防止松弛滑下。國(guó)旗應(yīng)保持飄揚(yáng)，不應(yīng)卷疊。 收下后平整疊好，放在旗柜內(nèi)。如有破損應(yīng)及時(shí)縫補(bǔ)。,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),三、升、降旗的正確操作方法 2、船舶間致敬 航行中在較近距離與本國(guó)及友好國(guó)家的海軍艦艇和商船相遇時(shí)，應(yīng)用國(guó)旗敬禮，以示敬意。 敬禮的方法，是在駛近對(duì)方船的正橫方向前，將國(guó)旗降到一半高度；對(duì)方船亦應(yīng)同樣將國(guó)旗降至一半高度，隨即再拉到頂表示回禮。我船亦同時(shí)將國(guó)旗升到頂。敬禮全過(guò)程結(jié)束。 在下半旗期間敬禮時(shí)，應(yīng)先將國(guó)旗升到頂后再降到一半高度處。敬禮畢后還應(yīng)該將國(guó)旗升到頂然后再降到半旗位置。,8.4

15、船舶掛旗常識(shí),三、升、降旗的正確操作方法 3、下半旗 凡遇哀悼日，應(yīng)按國(guó)務(wù)院指示、規(guī)定下半旗致哀。在掛半旗時(shí)，應(yīng)先將國(guó)旗升到頂隨后再降到一半高度。在日落后降旗時(shí)，仍應(yīng)先將升到頂后再降下。 在國(guó)外港口是否需要降半旗，都應(yīng)根據(jù)我國(guó)駐外使領(lǐng)館的正式通知執(zhí)行。,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),三、升、降旗的正確操作方法 4、掛滿(mǎn)旗 凡遇國(guó)慶及重大節(jié)日，停泊中的船舶應(yīng)掛滿(mǎn)旗致慶。主要方式是，在主桅頂上升國(guó)旗，從船首、尾到前后桅以及桅間用繩索以滑車(chē)固定穿引，將國(guó)際信號(hào)旗連接并繞纏于張索上，然后升起裝飾全船。,掛滿(mǎn)旗,掛滿(mǎn)旗,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),三、升、降旗的正確操作方法 4、掛滿(mǎn)旗 （1）將全部國(guó)際信號(hào)旗從形狀（

16、方旗與尖旗）與色澤上做好搭配。 （2）升降索以及主旗繩應(yīng)采用白棕繩，信號(hào)旗應(yīng)與主旗繩牢固連接。 （3）航行中不掛滿(mǎn)旗但中、前、后桅頂分別懸掛國(guó)旗。船首公司旗、船尾國(guó)旗等仍應(yīng)懸掛。 （4）按照船舶的大小及類(lèi)型，懸掛滿(mǎn)旗也可采取不同的形式。 （5）在國(guó)外港口遇該國(guó)國(guó)慶及重大節(jié)日是否掛滿(mǎn)旗，需按駐在國(guó)使領(lǐng)館指示執(zhí)行。,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),三、升、降旗的正確操作方法 5、船舶進(jìn)出港時(shí)應(yīng)懸掛的旗號(hào) （1）不同的港口國(guó)或不同的抵達(dá)港對(duì)船舶應(yīng)懸掛的信號(hào)旗有不同的要求。船舶在進(jìn)入這些水域之前或當(dāng)時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)法了解這方面的有關(guān)規(guī)定以便正確懸掛。 （2）需要引水時(shí)，先掛出“G”旗（我船需要引水員）。當(dāng)引水登船后應(yīng)降

17、下“G”旗，升上“H”旗（我船上有引水員）。當(dāng)引水離船后應(yīng)立即降下“H”旗。,8.4 船舶掛旗常識(shí),三、升、降旗的正確操作方法 5、船舶進(jìn)出港時(shí)應(yīng)懸掛的旗號(hào) （3）船抵國(guó)外港口或返航抵達(dá)國(guó)內(nèi)第一港時(shí)，到檢疫錨地錨泊應(yīng)懸掛出“Q”旗。待檢疫結(jié)束，領(lǐng)到進(jìn)口檢疫證后，可降下“Q”旗。 （4）抵達(dá)泊位并系泊結(jié)束后，即可降下船舶呼號(hào)旗、泊位旗和引航旗等。 （5）船舶在預(yù)計(jì)開(kāi)航前12h，應(yīng)在明顯位置懸掛“P”旗。當(dāng)引水抵達(dá)，將船舶呼號(hào)旗、引航旗升起，解掉第一根纜繩時(shí)，既降下“P”旗。,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,Transmission Method of Communication Elements i

18、n Signal Code Message 8.5.1 Name of Vessels and /or Places Spelled the name of vessels and places directly. E.g. RV Shanghai = You should proceed to Shanghai. HY1 Merry Trans = The vessel Merry trans with I have been in collision has resumed her voyage.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.2 How to signal numbers (a)

19、Numbers are to be signaled as follows: Flag signaling: by the numeral pennants of the Code. Flashing light or sound signaling: usually by the numerals in the Morse Code; they may also be spelled out. Radiotelephony or loud hailer: by the Code words of the Figure Spelling.,Figure Spelling Table,8.5 通

20、信要素的表示方法,8.5.2 How to signal numbers (b) Figures which form part of the basic signification of a signal are to be sent together with the basic group. Examples: “DI 20” = “I require boats for 20 persons.” “FJ 2” = “Position of accident (or survival craft) is marked by sea marker”.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.2

21、 How to signal numbers (c) A decimal point between numerals is to be signaled as follows: Flag signaling: by inserting the answering pennant where it is desired to express the decimal point. Flashing light and sound signaling: by “decimal point” signal “AAA”. Voice: by use of the word “DECIMAL” as i

22、ndicated in the Figure Spelling Table.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.3 Azimuth or bearing They are to be expressed in three figures denoting degrees from 000 to 359, measured clockwise. If there is any possibility of confusion, they should be preceded by the letter “A”. They are always to be true unless express

23、ly stated to be otherwise in the context. Examples: LW 005 = I receive your transmission on bearing 005. LT A120 T1540 =Your bearing from me is 120 at (local time) 1540.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.4 Course Course is to be expressed in three numerals denoting degrees from 000 to 359, measured clockwise. If th

24、ere is any possibility of confusion, they should be preceded by the letter “C”. They are always to be true unless expressly stated to be otherwise in the context. Examples: MD 025 =My course is 025. GR C240 S18 =Vessel coming to your rescue is steering course 240, speed 18 knots.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.5

25、 Date Dates are to be signaled by two, four, or six numerals preceded by the letter “D”. The first two numerals indicate the day of the month. When they are used alone they refer to the current month. Example: “D15” transmitted on the 15th or any other date in April means “15 April”. “D1504” means “

26、15 April”. “D181063” means “18 October 1963”.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.6 Latitude Latitude is expressed by four figures preceded by the Letter “L”. The first two figures denote the degrees and the last two the minutes. The letters “N” (North) or “S” (South) follow if they are needed; however, for reasons o

27、f simplicity they may be omitted if there is no risk of confusion. Example: “L3740S” = “Latitude 3740S”.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.7 Longitude Longitude is expressed by four or, if necessary, five figures preceded by the letter “G”. The first two (or three) figures denote the degrees and the last two the mi

28、nutes. When the longitude is more than 99, no confusion will normally arise if the figure indicating hundreds of degrees is omitted. However, where it is necessary to avoid confusion the five figures should be used. The letters “E” (East) or “W” (West) follow if they are needed, otherwise they may b

29、e omitted, as in the case of latitude. Example: “G13925E” = “Longitude 13925 E”.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.8 Distance Figures preceded by the letter “R” indicate distance in nautical miles. Example: “OV A080 R10” = “Mine(s) is (are) believed to be bearing 080 from me, distance 10 miles”. The letter “R” may

30、be omitted if there is no possibility of confusion.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.9 Speed Speed is indicated by figures preceded by: (a) the letter “S” to denote speed in knots, or (b) the letter “V” to denote speed in kilometers per hour. Examples: “BQ S300” = “The speed of my aircraft in relation to the surfa

31、ce of the earth is 300 knots”.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.10 Time Times are to be expressed in four figures, of which the first two denote the hour, from 00 (midnight) up to 23 (11 p.m.), and the last two denote the minutes (from 00 to 59). The figures are preceded by: (a) the letter “T” indicating “Local ti

32、me”, or (b) the letter “Z” indicating “Greenwich Mean Time”. Example: “RX Z0830” = “You should proceed at GMT 0830”.,8.5 通信要素的表示方法,8.5.11 Depth Wherever the text allows depths, etc., to be signaled in feet or in meters, the figures should be followed by “F” to indicate feet or by “M” to indicate meters. E.g: OC 6M = My draft forward is 1