初中階段名詞知識點匯總情況及練習(xí)題

1、名詞的學(xué)習(xí)1 名詞的概述：名詞是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念的名 詞的詞。可以說名詞是萬物之名詞。2 名詞的分類：名詞 專有名詞：表示具體的人、事物 地點或機構(gòu)的專有名 稱，如the Great Wall，Tom，America， the Peoples Republic of China. 普通名詞 個體名詞：表示個體的人或事物的名詞，如apple、ship 集體名詞：表示一群人或一些事物的名詞，如family、 class、people、team等。 物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體實物的名詞，如ink、tea、 fire、water、rain、air、bread等。 抽象名詞：表示抽象概念的名

2、詞，如表示動作、狀態(tài)、品 質(zhì)或其它的抽象概念的名詞，如happiness、 friendship、heath、leadership等。注：巧記不可數(shù)名詞的歌訣： 金木水火土，肉食面茶布。 gold、wood、water、fire、soil，meat、flour、food、tea、cloth例：1、There are two kinds of （bread）in the shop.2、There are many different kinds of （fish）in the lake.考點1：名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞并非絕對，如上述例題中物質(zhì)名詞在表示不同種類/類別的該物質(zhì)時也可用作可數(shù)名

3、詞，可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。三：名詞的數(shù)1、 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則：規(guī)則變化 一般情況：在詞尾加-s，如book-books、car-cars 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾：在詞尾加-es，如box-boxes、watch-watches 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾：把y變i加-es，如city-cities 以f或fe結(jié)尾：把f或fe變?yōu)関后加-es，如knife-knives 輔音字母加o結(jié)尾 有生命：在詞尾加-es，如potato-potatoes 無生命：在詞尾加-s，如piano-pianos注：a.巧記常見的以輔音字母加0結(jié)尾的名詞加-es變復(fù)數(shù)的三個單詞： 英雄（hero）愛吃土豆（potato

4、）和西紅柿（tomato）。b.巧記以-f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的歌訣： 樹葉半數(shù)自己黃，妻子拿刀上山岡，架后竄出一只狼，好像盜賊逃命忙。 leaf，half，self；wife，knife；shelf，wolf；thief，life例：“What do we need for the salad？”“We need two apples and three ？”A. orange B.tomatoes C.broccoli考點2：可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的考查。不規(guī)則變化 變oo為ee，如foot-feet、tooth-teeth 變a為e，如man-men、woman-women、fireman-

5、firemen 在詞尾加-ren，如child-children 單復(fù)數(shù)相同，如fish、deer、sheep 表示哪國人 中日不變，如Chinese，Japanese 英法把man變成men，如Englishman-Englishmen 其它一般加-s，如Canadian-Canadians注：a.巧記不規(guī)則名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)口訣： oo常要變ee，foot-feet是一例；男人、女人a變e，woman-women又一 例。還有一個應(yīng)記準，child的復(fù)數(shù)是children。鹿和綿羊是一家，單數(shù)、 復(fù)數(shù)無變化。B.巧記“某國人”變復(fù)數(shù)口訣： 中日不變英法變，其余后面-s添。某國人后含女男，a變e

6、來記心間。例：The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many there. A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit考點3：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)分；單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞考查。2、 不可數(shù)名詞的“量”的表達： 經(jīng)常由可數(shù)名詞來幫助表達，常用結(jié)構(gòu)表示數(shù)量的詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名 詞，如a cup of tea，two bottles of water，a bowl of rice.（此結(jié)構(gòu)也 可用于表示可數(shù)名詞的量，如a basket of apples，two bags of potatoes.）例：Can I

7、 help you？Id like for my twin daughters.A. two pair shoes B.two pairs shoesC.two pairs shoes D.two pairs of shoes考點4：表示名詞量的固定短語的考查。3、 修飾名詞的數(shù)量詞只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：many、several、hundreds of、thousands of、millions of、a number of、a group of、a pair of、quite a few、（a） few、only a few、very few等.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：much、a grea

8、t deal of、a bit of、a drop of、a drop of、a piece of、（a) little等.既能修飾可數(shù)名詞，又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：some、any、plenty of、a lot of等.4、 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞： clothes、trousers、glasses、scissors、shorts、pants、jeans （以上名詞在句中用作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞或相應(yīng)的代詞要使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。）4、 名詞所有格 1.加s構(gòu)成 表示有生命的人或事物的名詞的所有格，一般在詞尾加s， 如Marys bike、the students books 表示時間、距離、國家、城鎮(zhèn)、價

9、值等無生命的名詞的所有格， 也可以加s構(gòu)成，如an hours walk、Qingdaos parks 2.以s、es結(jié)尾的名詞，一般只加構(gòu)成， 如my friends hometown、 Teachers Day 3. 表示幾個人共有時，只在最后一個名詞的末尾加s或； 如果是表示分別擁有，則在每個名詞后都加s或。 如This woman is Tom and Jacks mother.These bikes are Toms and Jacks .4. 用of短語表示 對于無生命的東西，一般用of短語表示所有關(guān)系，如 the legs of the chair、the cover of th

10、e book 有生命的名詞較長或名詞有較長的定語時，常用of短語表 示所有關(guān)系，如the story of Dr. Smith、the bag of the woman with a baby in her arms例1：How far is it from your home to school？ Its about twenty walk.A. minutes B.minutes C.minutes例2：Jenny and Janes coming to my office.Can you help to find the girls？ No problem.They will be he

11、re .A. mothers are;in a moment B.mother is;at the momentC.mothers are;right away D.mother is;in a moment考點5：名詞所有格和短語時態(tài)的考查。5、 名詞的用法1.主語：The boy opened the door. The radio says that it may stop raining later.2. 表語：Class 3 is the winner! Thomas Edison was a great inventor.3. 賓語：Im trying to draw a hors

12、e. I told him a story.4. 定語：We are discussing the population problem. There is a girl student in the classroom. All the women teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. 5. 狀語：He sat here a long time.6. 賓語補足語：He named her Jenny. We elected him monitor.7. 與介詞連用：a kind

13、of.8. 稱呼語：What are you doing,Jim? 名詞專項練習(xí)（歷屆中考題）1.Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？ I generally make it a _ to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule2.Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! Mind your own _ ,Sue! A. action B. duty C. business D. way3.The lette

14、r from my uncle was short. There wasnt_ news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few4.-Why didnt you take a taxi back last night? -Because I didnt have any_with me. A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money5.John always says that he likes apples of all the _ . A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks6.-You look worri

15、ed. Whats your _ ? -I have trouble learning English. A. name B. question C. problem D. job7.-Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? -Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information8.Emma, who are you taking _ of at home? My grandma, she g

16、ot hurt in an accident. A. place B. part C. seat D. care 9.-How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China? -You have to wait till _ comes, Steve. A. summer B. autumn C. winter10.Lets get some _ about tourism on the Internet. A. information B. message C. invention11._ the teachers in their

17、 school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers. A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; woman C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman12. Mike and his friend are going to the _ to see the new action movie tonight. A. book shop B. restaurant C. concert D. cinema13.-Shall we go sh

18、opping now? -Sorry. Its not the right _. Im too tired. A. way B. weather C. place D. moment14.-Im afraid I cant get there before 9 oclock. -Thats OK. Theres _ .A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry15.-What makes you so upset? -I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didnt give me

19、a(n) _. A. way B. chance C. idea D. excuse16.We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news17.Look at the flowers! They are in different _: red, yellow, pink A. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names18.Id like _ grapes and pears. Oh, I only need _ or

20、ange juice. A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few19. What would you like to drink? _, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread 20.-You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are? -Oh, sorry. Its a(n) _ . A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business

21、21.We should not eat _ meat. A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too22. I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little23.This is not my dictionary. Its _ . She lent it to me this morning. A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my si

22、sters24. A school in Anshun held an activity called “Recommend(推薦) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a _ of 1,0000 books! A. note B. line C. menu D. list25.-I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you? -OK. Lets go and buy some _ . A.orange B. bread C. chocolate26.Hurry up. Th

23、ere is _ time left. A. a little B. little C. Few27.Well,you look so happy! -Because Ive got a good _. A.work B. news C.job D. idea 28.You can get much_about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information29.The customers are pleased with the_of the restaurant. A.balance B.expe

24、rience C.surface D.service30.Lily has a silk _. Listen, she is singing in the next room! - How nice!.A. look B. noiseC. voice31.We need to come up with a/an_and make a decision at once. A.information B.advice C.idea D.news32.-Would you like some _? -No,thank you.Im not hungry at all. A.water B.books

25、C.clothes D.bread33.When will the 2010 World Expo(世博會) come to a close? Itll close at the end of _. A. September B. October C. November D. December34.It was very hard for me to make a_but J decided to leave my job. A suggestion B decision C plan D speech35.Good news. We will have a _holiday. -Ive he

26、ard of it.But its coming in_. A.three days ; three days time B.three days; three days C.three-day; three days D.three days; three-day time36.Why not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim? -Im afraid its not a good _.I have been there several times. A.way B.place C.advice D.idea37.Mr Black gave us _on how to

27、learn English well.A.an advice B.many advices C.some adviceD.some advices38. With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ? _. A. A friend of mineB. A friend of me C. A friend of my sisterD. A friend of you 49.Oh, my god! The kids are making too much_ here. I cant do anything. A. sound B.

28、 voice C. noise D. footstep40.How many _can you see in the picture? Only one. A. dog B. sheep C. child D. tree 41.Whats your ? I like swimming. A.job B. age C.hobby D. Number42.What would you like，sir? . A. Two pop 全品中考B. Two bottles pop C. Two bottles of pop D. Two bottle of pop43.I have a_ for bre

29、akfast everyday. A. hot dog B. Cookie C. dumpling D. hamburger44.A low-carbon(低碳) lifestyle has _ effect on our daily life. People are paying more and more attention to saving _ these days. A. the, energies B. a, energy C. an, energy45.What a fine day! Shall we go hiking, Bob? -Id love to.But iss no

30、t the right _.I am busy now. A.placeB.moment C.weather46.If you work hard,youll get good _. A.grades B.notesC.lessons D.answers47.Lucy, do you like _? -Yes.Most of my clothes are _. A.an orange an orange B.orange ,orange C.oranges ,oranges D.orange,an orange48. Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second_

31、because he has been here for over twenty years. A. family B. house C. room D. home49.Im not sure about the meaning of the word. Youd better look it up in a _. A. letter B. dictionary C. postcard D. Notice50.-Whats the news about ? -_ entertainment stars gathered to attact donations for Yushu. A. A m

32、ember of B. A kind of C.A packet of D.A number of51.What a pity! Liu Xiang didnt win the_hurdles（跨欄）. A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter D.110 meters52.When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could see the words more clearly on the _. A. blackboard B. desk C. dict