中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第八章 動詞的時態(tài)課件

第 八 章 動 詞 的 時 態(tài),時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞通過自身的變化來表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) 指的是相應(yīng)時態(tài)下的動詞形式。英語中，動詞有16種時態(tài)，但初中英語要求掌握六種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時。,考 點 1 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時,1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法和構(gòu)成,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài):She is 12 years old.,(2) 表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作: He goes to work by bus every day.,(3) 表示主語具備的性格和能力:The boy is able to speak English very well.,(4) 普遍的真理和自然規(guī)律: Light travels much faster than sound.,否定句 主語+be (am/is/are)+not+表語:She is not/isnt 12 years old. 主語+dont/doesnt+動詞原形+賓語: He doesnt go to work by bus every day.,肯定句 主語+is/am/are+表語:He is 13 years old. 主語+動詞原形/動詞第三人稱單數(shù)+賓語: He goes to work by bus every day.,標(biāo)志詞: sometimes，often，usually，always (2) every day/week/month/year (3) on Sunday/Monday (4) once a week，twice a month (5) in the morning/afternoon/evening,特殊疑問句 疑問詞+be+主語+表語:How old is she？ 疑問詞+do/does+主語+動詞原形+賓語: How does he go to work every day？,一般疑問句 Be+主語+表語: Is she 12 years old？ Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+賓語:Does he go to work by bus every day？,2. 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成方式,真題熱身,( ) 1. Whats your father? He is a doctor. He _ in a local hospital. (2015綿陽市) 1. worked B. has worked C. works D. will work ( ) 2. Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday_ . (2015濰坊市) A. will begin B. has begun C. begins D. is beginning,中 考 真 題,C,C,考 點 2 一 般 過 去 時,1. 一般過去時的用法和構(gòu)成,表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài):I stayed up late when I was in Grade 9.,否定句 主語+wasnt/werent+表語She wasnt in Shanghai 3 days ago. 主語+didnt+動詞原形+賓語They didnt have a good time last night.,(2) 表示過去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作: My father used to be a worker.,肯定句 主語+was/were+表語:She was in Shanghai 3 days ago. 主語+動詞過去式:They had a good time last night.,一般疑問句 Was/Were+主語+表語: Was she in Shanghai 3 days ago？ Did+主語+動詞原形+賓語: Did they have a good time last night？,特殊疑問句 疑問詞+was/were+主語+表語: When was she in Shanghai？疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+賓語 :What did your father use to be？,標(biāo)志詞: last+ (2) yesterday，the day before yesterday (3) ago(4) just now (5) after+一段時間，after a while，after ten minutes (6) 表示過去的時間詞,2. 動詞過去式的構(gòu)成方式,中考 真題,( ) Have you ever been to Xiamen？ Yes. I _ there in 2013. (2015龍巖市) A. go B. went C. have gone,B,真題熱身,考點3 現(xiàn)在進行時,(1) 表示現(xiàn)在 (說話瞬間) 正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。如：Listen，whos singing？,(2) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài) (但說話時這個動作不一定在進行)。 如：We are preparing the final examinations these days.,(3) 瞬間動詞 (如come，go，leave，arrive，start，die等) 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。 如：Be quick，the bus is coming.,肯定句 主語+be (is，am，are)+doing: We are listening to music now.,否定句 主語+be not + doing: She isnt sleeping at the moment.,一般疑問句 Be+主語+doing : Is she sleeping at the moment？,特殊疑問句 疑問詞+be+主語+doing: What is she doing at the moment？,標(biāo)志詞: Listen！/Look！ (2) now，at the moment，at present (3) these days，this month (4) all the time，always (含有感情色彩，表示厭煩、贊揚等) (5) while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中 (6) 上下文提示,2. 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成方式,真題熱身,( )1. What are you doing now, Lily? I _ music. (2015龍巖市) A. am listening to B. listen to C. will listen to ( ) 2. Pass the raincoat to me, please. It _ hard now. Here you are.（2016福州市) A. is raining B. rained C. will rain,中 考 真 題,A,A,考 點 4 過 去 進 行 時,表示過去某個時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài): She was watching TV at nine last night.,過去進行時的用法和構(gòu)成,(2) 表示一個過去的動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生之后，另一個過去的動作正在進行：I got home when my mother was cooking dinner.,(3) 表示兩個過去的動作同時進行，這時可用連接詞while連接：Jim was reading a book while Jane was listening to music.,肯定句 主語+was/were + doing :We were watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night.,否定句 主語+wasnt/werent + doing: We werent watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night.,一般疑問句 Was/Were+主語+doing: Were you watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night？,特殊疑問句 疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing When were you watching a movie last night？,(1) at that time，then (那時) (2) at this time yesterday，at 8 oclock yesterday，from 6 to 8 last night (3) when，while，all morning,標(biāo)志詞:,真題熱身,( )1. How did the accident happen? The girl _ WeChat(微信)while walking across the street. (2016漳州市) A. reads B. is reading C. was reading ( ) 2. Miss Lin _ my desk-mate with her lessons when I left school. She is really a nice teacher.(2015福州市) A. helps B. is helping C. was helping,中考真題,C,C,考 點 5 一 般 將 來 時,一般將來時的用法和構(gòu)成,表示將來的動作或狀態(tài):He will go to the USA soon.,(2) be going to do表示準(zhǔn)備或打算做某事或根據(jù)跡象表明 “將會發(fā)生某事”: Im going to visit my aunt this weekend.,(3) be doing表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情，常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的有come，go，leave，arrive，start等: He is leaving for the USA soon.,肯定句 主語+will+動詞原形He will teach us English next term. 主語+be going to+動詞原形Jim is going to have a party soon.,否定句 主語+will not/wont+動詞原形He wont teach us English next term.主語+be not going to+動詞原形Jim isnt going to have a party soon.,一般疑問句 Will+主語+動詞原形:Will he teach us English next term？ Be+主語+going to+動詞原形:Is Jim going to have a party soon？,特殊疑問句 疑問詞+will+主語+動詞原形:What will he teach us next term？疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動詞原形:When are you going to visit your aunt？,標(biāo)志詞: (1) next week/month/year (2) “in+一段時間”：in a week/two days/ten minutes (3) tomorrow，the day after tomorrow (4) 表示將來的時間詞：soon，in 2019，at the end of this year,真題熱身,( ) Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Panda 3, Kelly? Not yet. I _ it with my classmate tonight. (2016泉州市) A. will watch B. was watching C. have watched,中 考 真 題,A,考 點 6 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時,1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法和構(gòu)成,表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在造成影響和結(jié)果。如：Ive finished my homework，so Im watching TV now.,(2) 表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能延續(xù)下去。如：I have worked in the company for 10 years.,肯定句 主語+has/have+動詞過去分詞。如：She has already seen the movie.,否定句 主語+hasnt/havent+動詞過去分詞。如： She hasnt seen the movie yet.,一般疑問句 Has/Have+主語+動詞過去分詞, 如： Has she seen the movie yet？,特殊疑問句 疑問詞+has/have+主語+動詞過去分詞,如： How long have you worked in the company？,(1) already (肯定句句中)，yet (疑問句或否定句句末)，ever (疑問句句中)，never，just (2) so far (到目前為止)，in the last/past years (在過去的年里) (3) for+一段時間，for ten years，for an hour (4) since+ ago，since 10 years ago，since an hour ago since+時間點，since last night，since 2013 since+一般過去時的從句，since we last met，since he came here， ,標(biāo)志詞,2. 延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (詳見 “第七章 動詞和動詞短語”) 短暫性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，即不能與for或since短語連用，要把動詞或時間狀語作適當(dāng)調(diào)整，如把短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞。如： 誤：The old man died for 3 years./The old man died since 3 years ago. 正：The old man died 3 years ago. The old man has been dead for 3 years./The old man has been dead since 3 years ago.,(1) have been to意為 “去過”，常與表示次數(shù)的副詞連用。如：I have been to Australia a few times.,3. 重點區(qū)分：have been to，have gone to，have been in,(2) have gone to意為 “去了