口譯翻譯11個(gè)經(jīng)典句型及翻譯原則.doc

大家學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)， 更多精彩在大家口譯翻譯11個(gè)經(jīng)典句型1.leave sb the choice of or 要么，要么 （選擇類經(jīng)典句）Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission。敵人冷酷無情/鐵石心腸，我們要么頑強(qiáng)抵抗，要么屈膝投降。The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor。年過三十，要么成婚，要么單身。2、be the instrument of sth 引來某事物的人或事 （使動(dòng)類經(jīng)典句）The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them。全國(guó)同胞都在關(guān)注我們，如果我們有幸能夠拯救他們脫離強(qiáng)加于身的暴政/把他們從強(qiáng)加于身的暴政中解救出來，那將得到他們的祝福和贊頌。他所建立的組織最終使他垮了臺(tái)。The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall。能夠讓你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings。3、it was the memories of 追溯到 （回憶類經(jīng)典句）Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations development。追溯到1964年東京及1988年漢城舉辦的奧運(yùn)會(huì)，可能分別被視為日韓兩國(guó)發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。4、on the premise / ground/ prerequisite/ proposition/ hypothesis/presupposition that 基于一個(gè)前提 （假設(shè)類經(jīng)典句）中國(guó)政府在宣布實(shí)行和平統(tǒng)一的方針時(shí)，是基于一個(gè)前提，即當(dāng)時(shí)的臺(tái)灣當(dāng)局堅(jiān)持世界上只有一個(gè)中國(guó)，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)的一部分。The Chinese proclaimed/declared to adopt/implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China。Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall。對(duì)投資者的建議是以利率會(huì)繼續(xù)下跌為根據(jù)的。5、be bound to 必定；一定 （意愿類經(jīng)典句）西部大開發(fā)一定能成為溝通世界各國(guó)和中國(guó)的一座橋梁，促進(jìn)中國(guó)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展，共同繁榮。The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large。Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression。正義戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)必然要戰(zhàn)勝侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。6、a matter of sth/doing sth 與有關(guān)的情況或問題 （描述類經(jīng)典句）Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. “Eventually, being poor wont be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills?！闭?qǐng)思考一下同一個(gè)人現(xiàn)在及八年前說的話?！罢f到底，貧窮與其說是生活在貧窮的國(guó)家里，還不如說是技藝不精?！盌ealing with these problems is all a matter of experience。處理這些問題全憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)。7、This is the similar case with/when 這恰如；正如；也會(huì) （類比類經(jīng)典句）這恰如我們雖然看不懂莫扎特樂曲的總譜，卻照樣能同它的主旋律產(chǎn)生共鳴，擊節(jié)稱贊。This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozarts musical pieces。除此以外，老百姓的服務(wù)性消費(fèi)，如教育，信息，旅游等消費(fèi)也會(huì)大量增長(zhǎng)。Besides, this is also the case with the citizens expenditure such as education, information, traveling。8、be exemplified by 這一點(diǎn)也證明了；這點(diǎn)反映在以下事實(shí)：（舉例類經(jīng)典句）This American desire to keep the childrens world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident。如果父母在事故中喪生，人們總是晚些時(shí)候才告訴孩子們，這一點(diǎn)也證實(shí)了美國(guó)人想把兒童的世界和成人的世界隔離開的愿望。美國(guó)人想把兒童和成人的世界劃清界限，這一愿望還反映在以下事實(shí)：如果父母在事故中喪生，人們總是設(shè)法晚點(diǎn)將消息告訴他們的子女。The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools。體力勞動(dòng)者在任何場(chǎng)合通常都相當(dāng)自在。收入檔次不同的人上同一所學(xué)校，這個(gè)事實(shí)多少說明了這一點(diǎn)。9、constitute （不用于進(jìn)行式）是；認(rèn)為 （判斷類經(jīng)典句）歷史雄辯地說明，中美之間建立在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上的勞動(dòng)分工是最為合理和實(shí)用的國(guó)際關(guān)系。History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship。My decision does not constitute a precedent。我的決定不應(yīng)視為先例。The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy。這一失敗是我們外交上的一次較大的挫折。10、witness 見證 （發(fā)生類經(jīng)典句）a time or event witnesses sth/sb in a particular situation or doing a particular thing。經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China。在下一輪的會(huì)談中，我們將宣布中東地區(qū)永久?；饏f(xié)議，對(duì)此我抱有樂觀態(tài)度并充滿希望。I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East。每一屆交易會(huì)都有來自世界各地50多國(guó)家和地區(qū)的專業(yè)地毯商參加會(huì)談。Each fair sees/witnesses carpet dealers from over fifty countries and regions around the world come to participate in its business talks。11、Sth. （never） deserts Sb. （否定/肯定類經(jīng)典句）When I had to speak, my confidence suddenly deserted me。輪到我要講話時(shí)，我突然失去了信心。十年的努力，換來的是形同陌路。Despite ten years effort, our affinity finally deserted itself。我堅(jiān)信一定通過高級(jí)口譯考試。My yearning for passing the advanced interpretation test has never deserted me?？谧g翻譯的原則謂語最小化原則在漢譯英中，動(dòng)詞的考察是必然的。其中動(dòng)詞和其他成分的轉(zhuǎn)換也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的動(dòng)詞都翻譯成動(dòng)詞的話，只能說明其還屬于“入門”境界。因此在第一個(gè)例子中共出現(xiàn)7個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而在譯文中只保留了4個(gè)動(dòng)詞。所以我們?cè)诜g中一定要注意動(dòng)詞和其他詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，常見減少謂語的方法有：a) 把動(dòng)詞變成名詞 b) 使用介詞短語 c) 使用分詞短語 d) 多使用to表示目的的狀語 e) 把并列謂語中最后一個(gè)謂語處理成“，which”的非限制性定語從句 雖然以上這些方法從本質(zhì)上講都是些小打小鬧的“噱頭”，但是不重視謂語的省略一定不會(huì)取得理想的成績(jī)。今年的亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作組織會(huì)議將主要側(cè)重兩個(gè)方面：一是加強(qiáng)亞太經(jīng)合組織成員之間的合作，共同應(yīng)對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，重樹信心；二是繼續(xù)推進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資自由化進(jìn)程，推動(dòng)世界貿(mào)易組織盡早開始新一輪談判。The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.顯然，許多美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)支持國(guó)家沒有投票支持美國(guó)，以此對(duì)美國(guó)奉行單邊主義表示不滿。Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.動(dòng)賓換序原則在英譯漢中，遇上特別長(zhǎng)的賓語，初學(xué)者總是根據(jù)語法習(xí)慣亦步亦趨地處理主、謂、賓，結(jié)果造成龐大的賓語，頭輕腳重，特別不符合漢語的習(xí)慣，漢語之所以不喜歡賓語從句，在于漢語喜用主謂短句，對(duì)于較長(zhǎng)的賓語，一般有兩種處理方式：一是把謂語變成直接能夠接賓語的表達(dá)形式，如react to不必翻譯成“對(duì)作出反應(yīng)”，可變成“面對(duì)”，這種方法在口譯中常常出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)榭谧g往往無暇考慮句式的大變動(dòng)；二是把賓語先譯出，然后再譯出主謂，如第一個(gè)例子，或使用謂語的相反含義，再接上原主語，如第二個(gè)例子，sustain表示“決定了”，那反義短語就是“取決于”。 The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.在新千年，經(jīng)濟(jì)重心將向亞洲轉(zhuǎn)移，中國(guó)將迅速崛起，世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對(duì)此做出反應(yīng)。The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。句群邏輯關(guān)系原則漢譯英中的疑點(diǎn)就是處理句群關(guān)系，從邏輯上區(qū)分通常有六種：a) 表示原因關(guān)系“因?yàn)樗浴?，“因此”，“由于”b) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系“雖然但是”，“然而（不過）”c) 表示條件關(guān)系“如果”，“假如”，“只要就”，“一旦” d) 表示讓步關(guān)系 “盡管”，“就算也”，“即使也” e) 表示時(shí)間先后關(guān)系 “之后”，“接著” f) 表示結(jié)果關(guān)系 “從而”，“導(dǎo)致” 經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China中國(guó)將致力于建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系，通過營(yíng)造良好的環(huán)境，推進(jìn)知識(shí)創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和體制創(chuàng)新，這是中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展的必由之路。Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.名詞詞組與分句互譯原則漢語中的兩大成分地位較低，分別是賓語和定語。在英譯漢中，較長(zhǎng)的賓語從句常常會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞詞組，比如在第一個(gè)例句中的“how”如果翻譯為“如何化去稅款”這個(gè)賓語從句，在漢語中就顯得不倫不類，所有一些5W1H的疑問詞基本上都有可能轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，如when（時(shí)間），where（地點(diǎn)），who（人選），why（原因）。此外，對(duì)于修飾語較多的名詞性短語，漢語也不喜歡用定語進(jìn)行堆砌，而偏向用簡(jiǎn)單的主謂短語，如第二個(gè)例子中把“the most skeptical Gates”翻譯成“一個(gè)持懷疑態(tài)度的蓋茨”，就不如變成主謂短語“蓋茨對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度”。 They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.基金會(huì)提供了一種方式，可以讓有錢人和大公司能實(shí)際支配花去稅款的方式。But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.但新千年蓋茨對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度，熱衷于施舍和政府援助。Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases.現(xiàn)在，爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)從制造嬰兒是否違背倫理，轉(zhuǎn)到為提取用于治療疾病的細(xì)胞和組織而克隆胚胎是否違背道德。But such self-interest is hardly enlightened.但這種做法只考慮個(gè)人利益，自然難以獲得支持。The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。時(shí)態(tài)原則時(shí)態(tài)在翻譯中比不像想象中那么簡(jiǎn)單，往往是考試中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可以體現(xiàn)一種感情因素，特別是進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用，比如在第一個(gè)例子中現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用體現(xiàn)出對(duì)中華民族的一種褒揚(yáng)、贊美的口吻，翻譯出了這句話的“精、氣、神”，最后一個(gè)例子中過去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)常表示一種“特有的行為”，通常是偏向于negative的口吻，所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話十有八九是美國(guó)人自己寫的。 中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平。The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.中國(guó)過去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來是China was and remains to be 中國(guó)人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.屆時(shí)，At that time, 到2007年，上海市人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值預(yù)計(jì)達(dá)到7500美元。By 2007, the per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US$7500.As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system.從而我們可能要生活在一個(gè)根本無法掌控的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中。After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.畢竟中國(guó)、古巴等一些在人權(quán)委員會(huì)中受到以美國(guó)為首批評(píng)的國(guó)家，總是投票或游說反對(duì)美國(guó)政府。要詞原則無論是中口還是高口翻譯篇章中，都有一些貌似十分簡(jiǎn)單的詞，但這些詞往往是這篇文章的殺手锏，難度往往高于那些成語、俗語和專業(yè)詞。比如在第一個(gè)例子中的collectively，一般的譯者馬上會(huì)理解為“總而言之”“概括起來”的意思，只有當(dāng)讀完整句的時(shí)候，才明白是把亞洲國(guó)家整體經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)?！袄奂印逼饋?，其中進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)性譯法，把副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞或名詞。這種詞在每次考試中至少會(huì)有一個(gè)，可以被認(rèn)為是拉開差距的地方。考生如能發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“弦外之音”，將會(huì)極大的鼓舞自己的士氣。 Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.亞洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量將超過其他國(guó)家地區(qū)的總和。From a small beginning at the turn of the century 本世紀(jì)初，基金會(huì)的數(shù)量并不多。Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.這些國(guó)家雖然呈現(xiàn)出欣欣向榮的態(tài)勢(shì)，但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢(shì)人口，還有少部分人口極端富有。l The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigators independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.無論來自于政府或商界，項(xiàng)目資金的重要特點(diǎn)是其建立在契約上，即不同的項(xiàng)目可以爭(zhēng)取相同的項(xiàng)目資金，因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨(dú)立，就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項(xiàng)目。The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.在克隆問題上各方人士認(rèn)為，關(guān)于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科學(xué)及倫理問題，已經(jīng)使全國(guó)性立法變得撲朔迷離。而如今各種東拼西湊的法律，只會(huì)使全國(guó)性立法形成步履維艱。A law that goes into effect on Jan.1 allows computer users in the state to refuse unwanted solicitations en masse and sue spammers who violate their wishers for as much as $1 million.1月1日，加州通過一條法律，使得計(jì)算機(jī)用戶有權(quán)拒收垃圾郵件，并對(duì)郵件發(fā)送者提出訴訟，要求最高達(dá)一百萬美元的賠償。優(yōu)先考慮賓語原則考生在翻譯動(dòng)賓短語的時(shí)候，應(yīng)先考慮賓語的成分。賓語可能為名詞、名詞詞組和句子。不同成分的賓語決定了謂語的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的選擇面很大，既可以用hope連接句子，也可以用hope for，look forward to等連接名詞詞組，那么考生就得考慮賓語更容易翻譯成詞組或句子。因此，動(dòng)賓連接原則的核心思想是“先賓語，后謂語”，翻譯會(huì)豁然開朗。 中國(guó)人民始終希望天下太平，希望各國(guó)人民友好相處。The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all natio