非謂語動(dòng)詞(復(fù)習(xí)todo和doing介紹done接著是高考練習(xí)).ppt

Nonfinite Verbs,(非謂語動(dòng)詞),謂語：說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.,單謂語或動(dòng)詞短語,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+ v.,系動(dòng)詞+表語,非謂語：主要包括不定式（to do），ving形式以及過去分詞（done）。無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨(dú)作謂語，但保留動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語或狀語。 e.g. He works. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done his work. You are students, so you dont work in the factory. Being students, you dont work in the factory.,過去分詞,不定式,V.-ing 形式,非謂語動(dòng)詞,鞏固 題,Revision: The function of V-ing 1.Learning a foreign language is very useful. 2.I enjoy learning English. 3.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language. 4. The music sounds exciting. 5. My job is teaching. 6. There is a swimming pool in our school. 7.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. 8.W watch the children diving into the water from the top board. 9.Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying.(adverbial),( subject),(object),(predicative),(attribute),(object complement),(attribute),(predicative),(object),V-ing as Adverbial,1.Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying.,2.He cut off the electricity,preventing an accident.,3.Having been told her daughter was sick, she hurried to the school to take her home.,(not)V-ing / being done (not)having done (not)having been done,4.Having cut off the electricity,he prevented an accident.,5.Having lived in the country for many years, she knows how to grow vegetables.,6.Not having received any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick.,V-ing 的形式,Revision （一）動(dòng)詞不定式 to do 作用 （The function of “to do”） 1. What does it mean to be a scientist?( subject) 2.Nothing in life is to be feared (predicative) 3. People who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him.(object) 4.The doctor told him that he might not have more than twelve months to live.(attribute) 5. He travelled around the world to give lectures. (adverbial) 6. He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(adverbial) 7.The teacher asked us to write a composition about a famous scientist.(object complement) 7. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living(object compement),John stepped forward so as to be introduced to the visitors. 2. Anne stepped forward so as to introduce the visitors to us. 3. They seem to have met each other before.Didnt you notice that. 4. They seem to know each other. 5. When mother came into my room, I pretended to be reading a letter. 6. Ill write down your name and address so as not to forget them.,（二）不定式的形式、時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài),小結(jié),(not) to do (not) to be done (not) to have (been)done (not) to be doing,過去分詞 done,若是及物動(dòng)詞（vt ）則表示被動(dòng)；動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語動(dòng)詞） 若是不及物動(dòng)詞（vi）則只表示完成。 如：a broken glass=a glass which has been broken a fallen tree=a tree which has fallen (down),1. 形式與含義,2. 成分,1) 作表語 eg She is interested in the job. All the audiences are moved.,2) 作定語 eg.Tigers and lions are animals which are endangered.,All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP.,Tigers and lions are endangered animals.,We can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground.,All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.,We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.,3）作賓補(bǔ) eg Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. We have our classroom cleaned every day.,4) 作狀語,（比較：When we saw from the top of the mountain,we found the viilage very small. = Seeing from the top of the mountain, we found the village very small.）,eg. If it is seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small.,Seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small.,eg. The teacher entered the room and he was followed by some students.,The teacher entered the room,followed by some students.,判斷下列句子中過去分詞（done）的成分： 1.Folded in his pocket, the letter wasnt found until twenty years later. 2. No matter how hard he tried, he couldnt make himself believed. 3.We can see excited expression on her face. 3. When heated, ice will be changed into water. 4. She had her bike repaired yesterday. 5. We were all inspired by her inspiring speech. 6. Given an apple, the child stopped crying. 7. The boy named Tom is an orphan.,adverbial,Object complement,attribute,adverbial,Object complement,predicative,adverbial,attribute,例4 As there was nobody， he had to go alone. There _ nobody, he had to go alone. If time permits, I will go to see you. Time_, I will go to see you. As the worked had been finished, he went to bed. The work_,he went to bed.,being,permitting,當(dāng)存在不同主語時(shí)，可以用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。,finished,不定式,不定式的作用,例1. _ makes me happy to find the key. A. That B. It C. What D. Whether,B,解析：不定式做主語，常用“it”作為形式主語放于句首，常見句型有it is adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 但是強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)形容詞與人的品性有關(guān)是 改 for 為 of. e.g. It is nice of you to say so. It 也可充當(dāng)形式賓語使用。,不定式,B,解析：該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動(dòng)詞 后可以跟一個(gè)疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：,tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain,不定式的作用,不定式,不定式的作用,例3: You are the third one _ the room. A. to enter B. entering C. entered,A,解析：不定式做定語時(shí)為后置定語，常常修飾代詞anything/something/noting，名詞 way/chance/ opportunity等 或由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞。 注意：I need a pen to write with.(不及物動(dòng)詞要加介詞),B,不定式,解析：因?yàn)橹髡Z是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故選B 。,不定式的作用,不定式,不定式的作用,在大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞可接不定式短語做賓補(bǔ)，只有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（五個(gè)看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役make,let, have;二聽listen to,hear等）須接不帶to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ),但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)后to不可省略。,例5: You are not allowed _ the books out. A. taking B. to taken C. take D. to take,D,解析：allow 的用法可見allow sb. to do和 allow doing sth. 當(dāng)被改為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，為sb. be allowed to do.,不定式,不定式的作用,例6：I got up early to catch the bus. He went out never to return. He is too young to go to school. I am happy to meet you.,A. Adverbial of purpose B. Adverbial of result C. Adverbial of reason,A,B,C,B,D,不定式,解析：該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的 用法。would love(like) to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Would love +不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。,不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),例如：It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.,B,解析：不定式的語態(tài)取決于它和主語以及被它修飾的詞的邏輯關(guān)系,被動(dòng)關(guān)系用被動(dòng).,不定式,C,解析： 該題考查不定式的否定式作主補(bǔ)。要注意warn后跟詞方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 該題應(yīng)該用結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not 應(yīng)放在to之前。,不定式的否定形式,V.-ing 形式,A,v.-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作狀語和定語的用法,Making it the popular sport in the world為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,解析,His parents died, leaving him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed,V.-ing 形式,例2 a sleeping baby a sleeping bag,Ving 做定語時(shí)可以用來修飾名詞的狀態(tài)，用途，特點(diǎn)等。,boiling water boiled water an exciting game an excited man,ving做定語時(shí)可以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行以及主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，反之則用過去分詞,V.-ing 形式,例3. I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing,有些動(dòng)詞后接to do為賓語，而有些則接ving，比如finish, suggest, mind, practise等，但要注意一下動(dòng)詞 forget，remember, regret, try，mean等既可以加to do也可加doing，但是意義不同。,B,過去分詞,1.作狀語,C,解析：1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。動(dòng)詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。,2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法， A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.（比較：Losing himself in thought,he almost ran）,過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補(bǔ)語的用法。,過去分詞,2.作定語,A,過去 分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作以完成。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。 不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 所以A是正確的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.,解析,過去分詞,3.作表語,C,解析：該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌o pay sb. by the hour” 計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,過去分詞,4.作補(bǔ)語,該題考查過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。the plan 與carry out 的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。see sth.done 這結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.,C,解析,5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive,6. To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,1.He gave us some advice on how_ English. A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn,2. It s a pay day，and they are waiting_. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid,3. - A letter may be too slow. - Why not _ a telegram. A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send,鞏固練習(xí),C,D,A,B,A,D,1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk,2.When and where to build the new power station_yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided,3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing? A. this B. that C. it D. he,4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday. A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received,6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author. A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working,Non-infinitive,14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned,15.The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,16.To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,17._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received,18. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening. A. to b