形式語(yǔ)言與網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算環(huán)境構(gòu)建.ppt

形式語(yǔ)言與網(wǎng)絡(luò) 計(jì)算環(huán)境構(gòu)建,網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算環(huán)境的定義,網(wǎng)格就是下一代Internet； 網(wǎng)格計(jì)算就是在動(dòng)態(tài)變化的、擁有多個(gè) 部門或者團(tuán)體的復(fù)雜虛擬組織內(nèi)，靈活、 安全的協(xié)同資源共享與問(wèn)題求解； 3. 網(wǎng)格就是方便資源管理，有效支持廣域 分布的、多領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)與工程問(wèn)題解決的 中間件系統(tǒng)； 4. 網(wǎng)格是建造分布式科學(xué)計(jì)算環(huán)境的一種 一體化的集成方法，這一環(huán)境包括計(jì)算、 數(shù)據(jù)管理、科學(xué)儀器以及人類的協(xié)作； 5. 網(wǎng)格是一種無(wú)縫的、集成的計(jì)算與協(xié)作環(huán)境,網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算環(huán)境：集成網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)計(jì)算 資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)共享式協(xié)同完成計(jì)算 任務(wù) Enabling the coordinated use of geographically distributed resources in the absence of central control, omniscience, strong trust relationships Ian Foster (Globus),非專門定制網(wǎng)絡(luò)， 非專門指定任務(wù)類型， 非專門設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)行軟件,XML,SOAP and other protocols,TCP/IP,CAKE Model,計(jì)算的方便性（無(wú)處不在，作業(yè)盲提，服務(wù)透明） 計(jì)算的高效性（快速實(shí)時(shí)，大數(shù)據(jù)量）,網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算環(huán)境的構(gòu)架： 從HOURGLASS到WEB SERVICE,WEB SERVICE MANAGEMENT,users,Local server,網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境,異構(gòu)平臺(tái) 異構(gòu)編程環(huán)境 異構(gòu)操作系統(tǒng) 異構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置 異構(gòu)語(yǔ)言,為解決以上問(wèn)題，系統(tǒng)需要： 與具體系統(tǒng)無(wú)關(guān)的公共協(xié)議（通過(guò)接口規(guī)范映射為具體環(huán)境） 用戶描述計(jì)算任務(wù)語(yǔ)言（通過(guò)語(yǔ)法解釋和語(yǔ)義綁定，映射為具體執(zhí)行語(yǔ)言） 通訊使用的文本（XML文本文件，使用SOAP，TCP/IP解決異構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的通訊),問(wèn)題：采用什么樣的語(yǔ)言模式作為系統(tǒng)的宿主語(yǔ)言 方便地描述計(jì)算任務(wù) 與具體的計(jì)算環(huán)境無(wú)關(guān) 很好地靈活性，適應(yīng)規(guī)范和協(xié)議的變化,規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：XML，XHTML，,用戶任務(wù)描述,系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通訊文件,網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)應(yīng)用界面,語(yǔ)言模型抽象： 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議文件（XML）：上下文無(wú)關(guān)文法，函數(shù)式語(yǔ)言模式（元素、屬性） 數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算任務(wù)描述：表達(dá)式，關(guān)系式。 編程語(yǔ)言：操作命令（operation）操作數(shù)據(jù)。,分類代數(shù)模型（sorted algebra） 類邏輯代數(shù)語(yǔ)言模式（LAL語(yǔ)言）, 2 5 ,2+5a , plus(2,5),Setcolor(4) b:=2; c:=5 A:=b + c,抽象語(yǔ)言模型： 變量，函數(shù)符號(hào)，關(guān)系符號(hào) 邏輯連接符號(hào)（指令控制符號(hào)） 公式表達(dá)式（數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式），關(guān)系表達(dá)式 If gcd (f, g) =1 then getfactor( f + g ) 沒(méi)有具體的語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義定義！,語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義分離 語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)義和程序分離,系統(tǒng)軟件,任務(wù)描述文件 LAL語(yǔ)言書(shū)寫(xiě),語(yǔ)法定義文件（元素名稱字典，DTD）,系統(tǒng)工作文件（XML格式） 語(yǔ)法獲取,應(yīng)用軟件接口規(guī)范（API）,執(zhí)行程序調(diào)用 語(yǔ)義獲取,公共協(xié)議（大家必須遵守的規(guī)則）： 計(jì)算任務(wù)描述的書(shū)寫(xiě)格式規(guī)范 XML規(guī)范 應(yīng)用軟件接口規(guī)范,語(yǔ)法獲?。赫Z(yǔ)法字典（DTD，上下文無(wú)關(guān)語(yǔ)言），解析器（DOMxerces)，Chomsky范式與操作樹(shù)（節(jié)點(diǎn)集合）,語(yǔ)義獲?。褐阜Q語(yǔ)義（接口規(guī)范，綁定，服務(wù)發(fā)布UDDI）,決定系統(tǒng)功能的核心不是軟件，而是規(guī)范和文檔 規(guī)范不變，系統(tǒng)軟件無(wú)需改變 文件改變，則語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義解釋隨之變化 （體現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的柔性，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)） 動(dòng)態(tài)更新， 透明升級(jí)， 自治維護(hù)， 功能定制。,面向規(guī)范的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)方法,對(duì)宿主語(yǔ)言的要求： 很好的描述數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算 很好的語(yǔ)法代數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu) 很好的語(yǔ)義解釋性能 很好的與其它計(jì)算語(yǔ)言的互翻譯性,形式語(yǔ)言理論有助于宿主語(yǔ)言模式的設(shè)計(jì)和中間件開(kāi)發(fā) （LAL語(yǔ)言的性能）,有沒(méi)有更好的語(yǔ)言模式？,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Uses and Extends Use Case Relationships,As the use cases are documented, other use case relationships may be discovered A uses relationship shows behavior that is common to one or more use cases An extends relationship shows optional behavior,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Actors,An actor is someone or some thing that must interact with the system under development,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Use Case Diagram,Use case diagrams are created to visualize the relationships between actors and use cases,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Uses and Extends Use Case Relationships,As the use cases are documented, other use case relationships may be discovered A uses relationship shows behavior that is common to one or more use cases An extends relationship shows optional behavior,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Sequence Diagram,A sequence diagram displays object interactions arranged in a time sequence,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Collaboration Diagram,A collaboration diagram displays object interactions organized around objects and their links to one another,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,History of the UML,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,UML Supports Application Development,Classes,application partitioning,Business Objects,Relationships,Business Process,Objects,Use Cases,large scale system,Scenarios,Components Microsoft,ActiveX/COM Microsoft,ORDBMS Oracle,CORBA OMG,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Classes,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Operations,The behavior of a class is represented by its operations Operations may be found by examining interaction diagrams,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Attributes,The structure of a class is represented by its attributes Attributes may be found by examining class definitions, the problem requirements, and by applying domain knowledge,Each course offering has a number, location and time,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Classes,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Finding Relationships,Relationships are discovered by examining interaction diagrams If two objects must “talk” there must be a pathway for communication,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Relationships,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Multiplicity and Navigation,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Inheritance,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,State Transition Diagram,entry: Register student,exit: Increment count,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Component Diagram,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Deploying the System,The deployment diagram shows the configuration of run-time processing elements and the software processes living on them The deployment diagram visualizes the distribution of components across the enterprise.,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Deployment Diagram,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,What the Iterative Life Cycle Is Not,It is not hacking It is not a playpen for developers It is not unpredictable It is not redesigning the same thing over and over until it is perfect It is not an excuse for not planning and managing a project It is not something that affects only the developers on a project,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,What the Iterative Life Cycle Is,It is planned and managed It is predictable It accommodates changes to requirements with less disruption It is based on evolving executable prototypes, not documentation It involves the user/customer throughout the process It is risk driven,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Risk,Preliminary Iteration,Architect. Iteration,Architect. Iteration,Devel. Iteration,Devel. Iteration,Devel. Iteration,Transition Iteration,Transition Iteration,Post- deployment,Time,Risk Profile of an Iterative Development,Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation,Initial Project Risks Initial Project Scope,Revise Overall Project Plan Cost Schedule Scope/Content,Plan Iteration N Cost Schedule,Assess Iteration N,Risks Eliminated,Revise Project Risks Reprioritize,Develop Iteration N Collect cost and quality metrics,Define scenarios to addr