高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)課件：語(yǔ)法11定語(yǔ)從句.ppt

專(zhuān)項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法十一 定語(yǔ)從句 要點(diǎn)精析 一、關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法區(qū)別 1關(guān)系代詞指物，而引導(dǎo)詞只用which不用that的情況： (1)關(guān)系代詞指物，作介詞賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。 This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks. 這是他們?cè)谶^(guò)去幾周討論了多次的問(wèn)題。,(2)關(guān)系代詞指代前面的整個(gè)句子，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 He failed in the exam, which made his father angry. 他考試不及格，這使他父親很生氣。 2that和which都指物時(shí)，在下列四種情況下只能用that而不能用which。 (1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, everything, something, nothing, anything, much, little, few等不定代詞時(shí)。 There was little that I could do for you. 我不能為你做什么。,That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要說(shuō)的。 (2)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過(guò)的最好的一部。,(3)當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the just等修飾時(shí)。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我要買(mǎi)的詞典。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他惟一認(rèn)識(shí)的外國(guó)人。 (4)當(dāng)人和物同時(shí)作先行詞時(shí)。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠幔?(5)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪一輛是你丟失的自行車(chē)？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 獲金牌的小男孩是誰(shuí)？,二、介詞關(guān)系代詞 1“介詞關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的賓語(yǔ)只能是which(指物)或whom(指人)。 There are 45 students in our class, up to half of whom are boys. 我們班有45人，多達(dá)一半是男生。 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上沒(méi)有一個(gè)人能為她提供幫助。,2在“復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這種定語(yǔ)從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大樹(shù)。 3“介詞which/whom不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 The poor man has no house in which to live. 那個(gè)可憐的人沒(méi)有房子住。,4“ofwhich/whom”表示所屬關(guān)系。(表所屬關(guān)系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price)was very reasonable. 最近我買(mǎi)了個(gè)古代的花瓶，它的價(jià)錢(qián)很合理。,例1 (2010龍巖檢測(cè))Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，_he got a good opportunity for further development. Aafter that Bafter which Cafter it Dafter this 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。after which he got a good opportunity for further development是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故選B。 答案：B,例2 (2009陜西)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 解析：此題考查“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。句意：槍支控制是美國(guó)人爭(zhēng)論了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的一個(gè)話題。先行詞為subject，帶入定語(yǔ)從句后為：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作about的賓語(yǔ)，介詞about提前，故用關(guān)系代詞which。故選C。 答案：C,其中關(guān)系代詞as在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里的那種材料。(as作主語(yǔ)) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作賓語(yǔ)) 這些房子以人們期望的低價(jià)出售。 He is not the same man as he was. 他和過(guò)去不同了。(as作表語(yǔ)),溫馨提示 (1)such.as.(定語(yǔ)從句)像那樣 such.that.(狀語(yǔ)從句)如此以至于 This is such an easy question as I can answer. (定語(yǔ)從句)這是一個(gè)我能回答的簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)題。 This is such an easy question that I can answer it. (狀語(yǔ)從句)這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題，我能回答。,例 (2010福州檢測(cè))Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest_everyone likes to visit. Athat Bas Cwhich Dwhat 解析：as everyone likes to visit是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞place, as在從句中作visit的賓語(yǔ)，此句是“such.as.”結(jié)構(gòu)。如果理解為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句而選擇A項(xiàng)，需要在題干中visit后加上it。故選B。 答案：B,(2)the same.as.表示相似的東西 the same.that.表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost. 這把小刀和我丟的那把一樣。 This is the same knife that I lost. 這把小刀就是我丟的那一把。 四、關(guān)系代詞as, which的區(qū)別 1as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容。,例 (2010四川，10)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere 解析：句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，我抽出了一點(diǎn)時(shí)間去旅游，這后來(lái)證明是個(gè)明智的決定。句中所填處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，不可用that；且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不可用when和where。 答案：B,2當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在主句前面時(shí)，只能用as。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 后兩句屬名詞性從句范疇。,3as意為“正如”，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等；which意為“這一點(diǎn)”。 As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone. Edison invented the telephone, as is known to all.,例 (2010西安八校聯(lián)考)A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses，_has happened in Iraq. Awhat Bas Cthat Done 解析：as為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面的整個(gè)句子。故選B。 答案：B,2當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)注意引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成分。 Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao? 你還記得我們一起在青島度過(guò)的日子嗎？ Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你還記得我們?cè)谇鄭u過(guò)暑假的日子嗎？,3當(dāng)先行詞為case, point, position, situation, activity, scene, stage等表“情形，狀況”含義的詞且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他們已經(jīng)到了必須彼此分手的地步。,例 (2009福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently. Athat Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere 解析：句意：把孩子放在一個(gè)能使他們從另外一個(gè)角度認(rèn)識(shí)自己的環(huán)境中對(duì)他們有益。先行詞是situation，代入定語(yǔ)從句后為：They can see themselves differently in the situation。由此可見(jiàn)，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞；而when表“時(shí)間”，不合本題要求，只有where符合本