高考英語語法特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略、主謂一致、倒裝及其他)課件外研版.ppt

特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略、主謂一致、倒裝及其他),1強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才會犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。 (2009浙江卷)Ive read another book this week. 這星期我又看了一本書。 Well，maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 嗯，也許重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。 It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school yesterday.是因為她媽媽病了，她昨天才沒來上學(xué)的。,2強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前，特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞is/wasitthat從句”。 Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老師的嗎？ Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是誰告訴你這件事的？ Why was is that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday? 究竟是為什么你昨天沒有來開會？,3“It was not until.that.”這個句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語。 It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recoganized him. 直到他摘掉墨鏡我才認(rèn)出他來。,1.(2011沈陽檢測)_ that made Mrs White so upset? Her sons making trouble in the school. AWhere was it BWhy was it CHow was it DWhat was it 解析： 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意為：是什么讓懷特夫人這么難過？她兒子在學(xué)校惹事了。判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的要點(diǎn)是：當(dāng)去掉“It is.that/who”時，剩下的句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。這里是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問形式，由答語可知，這里句子的主語應(yīng)該用What，而不是Where，Why或How。 答案： D,2(2011青島一模)Where did you meet the famous actress? It was in the supermarket _ we went shopping last Sunday. Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dthere 解析： 該題考查句式。該題實(shí)際考查的是定語從句，修飾先行詞supermarket。很多考生可能會誤認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 答案： C,3(2010南昌二模)The police were seeking more information to find out _ the rich merchant. Awho it was that killed Bwho was it that killed Cit was who killed Dwho was it killed 解析： 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞is itthat.而這里是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，故用正常的陳述語序，所以答案為A。 答案： A,1在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語有be動詞，而主語又與主句主語相同或主語是it時，從句的主語和be常被省略。 Unless (I am) invited，I wont go to the party. 除非被邀請，否則我是不會去參加那個派對的。 When (you are) working，you must pay attention. 上班時，你必須全神貫注。 Get up early tomorrow，if not (you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus. 明天早點(diǎn)起床，如果不的話，你會錯過早班車。,2不定式省略，單獨(dú)使用不定式符號to (1)用來代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞，常在be afraid，be glad，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后邊。 (2009江蘇卷)Whats the matter with Della? Della出什么事了？ Well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to. 父母不允許Della參加晚會，可她仍然希望參加。 Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戲嗎？ Id be glad to.我很高興。,(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。 Are you a sailor？你是海員嗎？ No，but I used to be.不，但我過去是。 1.(2010全國卷)Though_to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. Asurprising Bwas surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised,解析： 考查省略。句意為：教授看到我們，雖然很驚訝，但還是熱情地歡迎了我們。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。B項為謂語動詞形式，故排除；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知though 后面省略了主語和謂語the professor was，而surprising表示事物的性質(zhì)和特征，不符合語境；D項在結(jié)構(gòu)上不正確。surprised 表示人的心理感受，故答案為C項。 答案： C,2(2011濰坊質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted._they will have no trees to cut down in the future. AIf not BIf so CIf no so DIf dont 解析： 考查省略。句意為：當(dāng)人們砍倒大樹時，應(yīng)該種植新樹，不然的話，他們以后就沒有樹木可砍了。if not如果不，不然；if so如果這樣的話。 答案： A,3(2011煙臺檢測)He is rather difficult to make friends with，but his friendship，_，is more true than any other. Aonce gained Bwhen to gain Cafter gaining Dwhile gaining 解析： 這里“once gained”是once the friendship is gained的省略，由此可知，the friendship與gain之間存在“被動關(guān)系”，所以這里選A。 答案： A,1就近一致原則 (1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 (2009湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。 Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients. 護(hù)士和醫(yī)生都對病人非常和藹。,注意：如果主語后面帶有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引導(dǎo)的短語時，句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。 (2009陜西卷)Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer. Dr Smith 將在今年夏天和妻子女兒們一起游覽北京。 In my opinion，he，rather than you，is to blame. 依我看來，他，而不是你該受譴責(zé)。,(2)由there，here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。 2意義一致原則 (1)謂語動詞為單數(shù)的情況 由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武漢。,作并列主語的單數(shù)名詞前分別有each，every，no修飾時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to work hard. 每個男孩和女孩都想努力工作。 No teacher and no student likes the film. 老師和學(xué)生都不喜歡電影。 非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們看起來確實(shí)難。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個好的習(xí)慣。,Whatever was left was taken away. 無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。 注意：what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What they need are books.他們需要的是書。 (2)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 由and 連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黃油都賣完了。 people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。,1.(2011廈門市質(zhì)量檢測)Either the ways or the time_yet，but you may ask the headmaster for some information. Aisnt decided Bhasnt decided Carent decided Dhavent decided 解析： 考查語態(tài)與主謂一致。本句的主語由either.or.連接，謂語動詞應(yīng)該與or后面的名詞保持一致，使用單數(shù)；根據(jù)語意可知，應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)。 答案： A,2(2010海淀第二學(xué)期期末)Have you heard that Jones，along with her parents，_to Hainan for the winter vacation? Really？No wonder I havent seen her these days. Ahas been Bhave been Chas gone Dhave gone 解析： 考查主謂一致和詞義辨析。主語中心詞是Jones，是單數(shù)，所以所填詞用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)應(yīng)答句中No wonder 后的從句意思可知所填詞意思是去了，動詞用go，選C。 答案： C,1表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首時，完全倒裝。 Be quick！Here comes the bus.快點(diǎn)，公共汽車來了。 (2009福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together. 那會兒，什么都沒發(fā)生。之后大家一起歡呼起來。 Out rushed the children.孩子們沖出了教室。 注意：上述情況中，若主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。 Away they went.他們走了。 Over it turns！它翻過來了。,2表語連系動詞主語(表語可以是：形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席會議的有懷特教授，史密斯教授還有許多其他客人。 3suchbe主語 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 這些就是事實(shí)，沒有人可以否認(rèn)。,1.(2010陜西卷)John opened the door.There _he had never seen before. Aa girl did stand Ba girl stood Cdid a girl stand Dstood a girl 解析： 句意為：約翰打開門，那里站著一個他從未見過的姑娘。本題考查倒裝句型。當(dāng)there，here，away，down等副詞置于句首且主語為名詞時，要用完全倒裝形式。 答案： D,2(2009上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away_. Afleeing the thief Bwas fleeing the thief Cthe thief was fleeing Dfled the thief 解析： 句意為：聽到狗的狂叫聲，小偷逃掉了。本題考查了全部倒裝句。表地點(diǎn)方位的副詞away放句首時，句子要全部倒裝。正常的語序是：The thief fled away. 答案： D,1So/Neither/Nor助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語(表示前一句中的內(nèi)容也適合另一人或另一事物) Lily cant play tabletennis.Neither can I. Lily 不會打乒乓球，我也不會。 2否定副詞never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首時。,(2009陜西卷)Little did Rose care about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself. 雖然身處險境，Rose卻絲毫不在意她個人的安危。 (2010淄博檢測)John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never had I heard him talk so much. John昨天和我談了約一個小時，在那之前，我從未聽過他說那么多話。 By no means should you lose heart.你決不應(yīng)該失去信心。 3hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引導(dǎo)兩個分句時，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. 他一聽到這個消息就哭了。,(2009全國卷)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons. 電腦被應(yīng)用于教學(xué)中，結(jié)果，不僅節(jié)省了老師的精力，學(xué)生也對課堂感興趣了。 4在so/such.that.句型中，若so/such.提到句首時。 So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 我覺得這個問題太難解決了以至于決定向湯姆征求建議。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表揚(yáng)。,5當(dāng)“only狀語(副詞、介詞短語或從句)”置于句首時 Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我朋友來了之后，電腦才修好。 6用于as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中(表語/狀語/動詞原形as主語) Child as he was，he made a living by himself. 盡管他是個孩子，他卻得自己謀生。 Try as he would，he might fail again. 盡管他還會試，但可能還會失敗。,1.(2010海淀第二學(xué)期期末)Not until they left school _ how much their teachers loved them and helped them. Athey realized Bdid they realize Cthey would realize Dhad they realized 解析： 考查倒裝。Not until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝；由從句的動詞left可知所填部分的時態(tài)用一般過去時，選B。 答案： B,2(2010南通一模)Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa? Yes，not only _ his money，but he was nearly killed. Ahe lost Bdid he lose Che had lost Dwas he lost 解析： 本題考查倒裝句。由not only.but also.引導(dǎo)的句型中，前半句中應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故先排除A、C兩項；再根據(jù)句意，不但丟了錢，還差點(diǎn)丟了性命，可知選B。 答案： B,1(2010湖南卷)Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work_has made him what he is today. AWhy Bwhen CWhich Dthat 解析： 句意為：約翰的成功與運(yùn)氣好沒有關(guān)系，他能有今天(這樣的成功)，是多年努力的結(jié)果。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句式為“It is /was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其他成分”。由此可知答案為D項。 答案： D,2(2010安徽卷)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village_the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. AWhere Bthat CWhen Dwhich 解析： 句意為：僅從村里買了很少的東西，女主人就做了那么豐盛的一頓大餐。本句考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village，其中的that she had bought in the village 為定語從句，先行詞為only a few supplies。判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法：去掉句中的It was 及that 后，剩余部分是個完整的句子。本題易誤選A項，用where 引導(dǎo)從句作the village 的定語，但句意不通。 答案： B,3(2010四川卷)If you have a job，_yourself to it and finally youll succeed. Ado devote Bdont devote Cdevoting Dnot devoting 解析： 句意為：如果你有工作并全身心地投入，那么最終你會成功的。本題考查祈使句式及動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)。由句意可排除表示否定意義的B、D兩項；再分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知逗號后和and 之前的部分須是完整的句子，C項為現(xiàn)在分詞，被排除；A項填入后構(gòu)成了祈使句，do是對動詞原形進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，故A正確。 答案： A,4(2010四川卷)Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read，of whose works，however，some_difficult to understand. Aare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis；are 解析： 句意為：像莎士比亞這樣的詩人們的作品被人們廣泛閱讀，雖然他們的作品中有些很難讀懂。本題考查主謂一致。such poets as Shakespeare 中poets 是中心詞，所以動詞用are；第二空動詞的主語是some (of their works)，是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，也用are。 答案： A,5(2010重慶卷)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_，one of the ten largest cities in China. Alies Chongqing BChongqing lies Cdoes lie Chongqing Ddoes Chongqing lie 解析： 句意為：中國十大城市之一的重慶位于揚(yáng)子江和嘉陵江兩江交匯的地方。考查倒裝句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知，這里是將地點(diǎn)狀語提前且主語為名詞，故句子需用完全倒裝形式。 答案： A,6(2010湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. Ais Bare Chas Dhave 解析： 句意為：在搖滾音樂會中聽震耳欲聾的音樂已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致某些青少年喪失了聽力。本題考查主謂一致。動名詞短語在句中作主語時謂語動詞須采用單數(shù)形式，故排除B、D項，根據(jù)句意可知此處為主動語態(tài)，時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故答案為C項。 答案： C,7(2010浙江卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if_regularly，can improve our health. Abeing carried out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out 解析： 考查歸納。句意為：試驗表明，如果有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行適量的鍛煉，就能夠提高身體健康狀況。首先，if carried outif it is carried out，依句意可知itproper amounts of exercise，與carry out 構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞表被動含義。而being carried out 意為：正在被開展；carrying out與to carry out表主動含義，所以C項正確。 答案： C,8(2009湖南卷)Either you or one of you