中級(jí)培訓(xùn)第二模塊之二頻率規(guī)劃1.ppt

中級(jí)培訓(xùn)第二模塊之二,頻率規(guī)劃,中國(guó)移動(dòng)通信集團(tuán)河南有限公司網(wǎng)優(yōu)專(zhuān)家小組,工作頻段,我國(guó)陸地公用蜂窩數(shù)字移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)GSM通信系統(tǒng)采用900MHz頻段： 890915（移動(dòng)臺(tái)發(fā)、基站收） 935960（基站發(fā)、移動(dòng)臺(tái)收） 隨著業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展，可視需要向下擴(kuò)展，或向1.8GHz頻段的DCSI800過(guò)渡，即1800MHz頻段： 17101785（移動(dòng)臺(tái)發(fā)、基站收） 18051880（基站發(fā)、移動(dòng)臺(tái)收）,工作頻段,中國(guó)移動(dòng)公司：890909MH（上行），930954MHz（下行），共19M帶寬，95個(gè)頻道，頻道號(hào)為195。 中國(guó)聯(lián)通公司：909915MH（上行），954960MHz（下行），共6M帶寬，29個(gè)頻道，頻道號(hào)為96124。 95號(hào)頻點(diǎn)做為兩個(gè)公司間的保護(hù)頻點(diǎn)不可使用。,工作頻段,頻道間隔 相鄰兩頻道間隔為200kHz，每個(gè)頻道采用時(shí)分多址接入（TDMA）方式，分為8個(gè)時(shí)隙，即8個(gè)信道（全速率）。 GSM采用半速率話音編碼后，每個(gè)頻道可容納16個(gè)半速率信道。,為什么要頻率復(fù)用,19MHz = 94 channels, 7 traffic timeslots gives 658users = Maximum only 658 simultaneous calls?! 受限的頻段,受限的頻段,Reuse frequencies as often as possible Increased capacity Increased interferences,頻率規(guī)劃的目標(biāo),得到更高的頻點(diǎn)利用率。 通過(guò)頻率規(guī)劃可分析出網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能，發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在的一些問(wèn)題。 降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)干擾。 平衡干擾和容量。 有限的頻段內(nèi)，盡可能增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量。,如何增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量,Signal = All useful signals carrier All useless signals interference,under reference interference level Co-channel interference, C/Ic = 9dB Adjacent (200kHz) interference, C/Ia1 = -9dB Adjacent (400kHz) interference, C/Ia2 = -41dB Adjacent (600kHz) interference, C/Ia3 = -49dB,Frequency Allocation,頻率分配,確定可用的頻點(diǎn) 查找干擾源： CDMA 外部干擾 微波 直放站等 不同層使用不同的頻率復(fù)用 注意各層間的保護(hù),Three type of BCCH planning are available Dedicated Band Common Band Dedicated mixed Band,Multiple Reuse Pattern (MRP),每層所使用的頻點(diǎn)數(shù)不同。 BCCH層使用最大的復(fù)用方式，即頻點(diǎn)最多。 第二層分配給第二塊載頻，頻點(diǎn)相對(duì)BCCH層要少。 隨著TRX數(shù)量的增加，每組的復(fù)用度降低，頻點(diǎn)也變少。,Multiple Reuse Pattern (MRP),Multiple Reuse Pattern (MRP),Example of capacity increase with MRP Network with 300 cells Bandwidth : 8MHz (40 radio channels) Single reuse of 12 Network capacity = 40/12*300 = 1000 TRX Multiple reuse BCCH layer : reuse of 14, 14 frequencies allocated Normal TCH : reuse of 10, 20 frequencies allocated Tight TCH : reuse of 6, 6 frequencies allocated Network capacity = (14/14) + (20/10) + (6/6)*300 = 1200TRX,Multiple Reuse Pattern (MRP),跳頻,MAIO - 0 1 2 - 3 4 5 - 6 7 8,BTS-3 BTS-2 BTS-1 (sector 3) (sector 2) (sector 1),f1,f2,f3,f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 f10 f11 f12,MAIO offset 0 3 6,HSN 3 3 3,RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RF Hopping (Site based MAIO allocation),TRX-1 BCCH TRX-2 TCH TRX-3 TCH TRX-4 TCH TRX-5 BCCH TRX-6 TCH TRX-7 TCH TRX-8 TCH TRX-9 BCCH TRX-10 TCH TRX-11 TCH TRX-12 TCH,RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RF Hopping: Flexible MAIO Management (Optional),MaioStep 162 UnderlayMaioStep 162,Parameters Value,Frequency Allocation Principal There should be no co-channel frequency bands in one BTS. 同小區(qū)不能同頻。 The frequency separation in the same cell should be at least 400KHz,e.g. BCCH=40, TCH1=42, TCH3=44 同小區(qū)的頻率間隔最少400K。 Different layers can have different frequency reuse ratio 不同層使用不同的復(fù)用率。 There shall be a guard channel between different frequency groups 不同頻率組間有一個(gè)保護(hù)頻點(diǎn)。 In consideration of the antenna height and the complicated spreading environment, adjacent BSs should not stand face-to-face (or oppose diagonally) with co-channel frequency. 面對(duì)面的相鄰小區(qū)不可以同頻。 Pay close attention to co-channel reuse, avoiding the situation that has same BCCH and same BSIC in nearby areas. 相鄰小區(qū)不可同BCCH同BSIC。,Frequency Allocation,Frequency Allocation,Mapinfo Planning Tool (MIPT) can be used to check co-channel and adjacent channel frequency. MIPT - Frequency Search It can be used together with BSIC or independently Red represent the frequency selected Eg. 80 Green frequency represents (channel 1) Eg. 79 Blue frequency represents (channel + 1) Eg. 81,Frequency Allocation,MIPT - Find Neighbors. Select “Check Co-Neighbors BCCH” Neighbors having same BCCH is listed in message box. A Red dotted line is draw from “Parent cell” to “Neighbor cell” Check if these pairs of cells can cause interference to each other.,Frequency Allocation,鄰區(qū)規(guī)劃,1、在地圖上看周?chē)幕局車(chē)牡匦?、地貌、阻擋?2、檢查基站信息 看站高、方向角、傾角 3、小區(qū)覆蓋的預(yù)測(cè)，查看交迭覆蓋情況,Adjacency Planning,同站的其它扇區(qū)必須做成鄰區(qū)。 第一圈須做鄰區(qū)，第二圈根據(jù)情況考慮。 通常相鄰小區(qū)是要做成雙向的，A做B，那么B也要做A。 相鄰小區(qū)最多做32個(gè)，如果要加入新的鄰區(qū)，那么就要先刪除一個(gè)。 相鄰小區(qū)不要做的太多，這樣手機(jī)就有更充足的時(shí)間來(lái)掃描鄰區(qū)，使得測(cè)試報(bào)告的結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確，從而使切換更準(zhǔn)確。,規(guī)劃原則,Mapinfo Planning Tool (MIPT) can be used to check neighbor cells on map. Theres a button “Click Find Neighbor” on the toolbar. RED is the serving cell that you want to find its neighbor. Yellow is the neighbors of the serving cell. Gray is not the neighbors of the serving cell. Neighbors can be added/deleted from the database using MIPT - Edit database. Demonstration in Mapinfo.,Adjacency Planning,Adjacency Planning,Check unnecessary adjacencies Network Doctor report 153 Adjacencies having high HO failure ratio If HO attempt is small between pairs of cells, after cross-checking on Map, this neighbor pairs can be removed.,Adjacency Planning,Find missing adjacent cells Network Doctor report 72 Defined, Undefined and used adjacencies of a cell If number of samples is big, after cross-checking on Map, the neighbor pairs can be added.,Adjacency Planning,Audit adjacent parameters Adjacency Discrepancies ND060錯(cuò)誤鄰區(qū),Adjacency Planning,Find one-way neighbors Non Symmetrical adjacency ND061單向鄰區(qū),cell B is neighbour of Cell A cell A is not neighbour of Cell B,Adjacency Planning,Frequency check of adjacent cells Adjacent cells with same or adjacent frequency ND062 相鄰小區(qū)中有同，鄰頻,cell A has carrier 10 cell B has carrier 9, 10 or 11,Adjacency Planning,Check redundant adjacencies Adjacencies to Non-existing Cells ND065 不存在鄰區(qū),Cell B is deleted but incoming adjacencies were not removed Cell C is not known in OMC Area 1 database,Adjacency Planning,BSIC規(guī)劃,在地圖上規(guī)劃BSIC相對(duì)麻煩。由于現(xiàn)在中國(guó)移動(dòng)BSIC的分配空間較大，同一BCCH，就可以有7*8=56種不同的BISC，因此，要想把同BCCH同BSIC的兩個(gè)基站隔離較遠(yuǎn)的距離，是很容量的。 我們可以在EXCEL中，把經(jīng)緯度排度，再通過(guò)篩選相同的BCCH小區(qū)，分配不同的BSIC。,BSIC規(guī)劃,檢查,頻率檢查及修改,首先，要在MAPINFO中劃分出若干區(qū)域，在每一區(qū)域中將1-94個(gè)頻點(diǎn)利用MIPT的FREQ SEARCH工具逐一顯示出來(lái)，利用視覺(jué)觀察的方法來(lái)檢查同鄰頻，并將有問(wèn)題的頻點(diǎn)及時(shí)修改。值得注意的一點(diǎn)是劃分區(qū)域時(shí)，每?jī)蓞^(qū)域應(yīng)適當(dāng)?shù)闹丿B一部分，以免疏忽了兩塊的交迭部分。劃分的每一區(qū)域越小，檢查的效果越好，具體可視時(shí)間安排情況而定。,其次，由于目前所使用的MAPINFO只是平面圖，而無(wú)線信號(hào)的傳播與地形、建筑物、基站的高度、下傾角等因素有著非常密切的關(guān)系，因此在平面圖上看似不大相關(guān)的兩個(gè)站也許會(huì)有很多的切換，所以另一種頻點(diǎn)檢查方法，就是利用相鄰小區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)，通過(guò)制作EXCEL的宏命令，對(duì)照切換報(bào)告來(lái)做更進(jìn)一步的檢查。這也是前面強(qiáng)調(diào)的及時(shí)將相鄰小區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入現(xiàn)網(wǎng)的原因。,Heavily loaded frequencies,Frequency Allocation,Less loaded frequencies,Frequency Allocation,頻率規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),頻率規(guī)劃前的準(zhǔn)備工作：是非常關(guān)鍵的，時(shí)間人員的安排、基站信息的準(zhǔn)確 性直接影響到頻率規(guī)劃的進(jìn)度和質(zhì)量。 頻率規(guī)劃最好選在網(wǎng)絡(luò)變化小的時(shí)期。 相互協(xié)作、互相溝通：頻率規(guī)劃最好要有2 3人配合完成，1個(gè)人的思維往往會(huì)受到局限. 在頻率規(guī)劃的過(guò) 程中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)由于擴(kuò)容、改型、 新建站等，也處于不斷的變化之中，作為規(guī)劃 人員必須及時(shí)的掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)的變動(dòng)，及時(shí)的修改 基站數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，使之與現(xiàn)網(wǎng)保持一致。這就需要 加強(qiáng)與基站、工程等部