短文改錯(cuò)復(fù)習(xí)的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì).ppt

云光中學(xué)-張紹春,短文改錯(cuò)專題,How to correct a composition,（1）詞法內(nèi)容。包括名詞、代詞的數(shù)與格，反身代詞，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，非謂語動(dòng)詞、短語動(dòng)詞的用法，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化形式，形容詞的比較級(jí)，形容詞副詞的區(qū)別，介詞的誤用等。 （2）句法內(nèi)容。包括主謂一致、指代一致，并列連詞，從屬連詞等引導(dǎo)各種從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，感嘆句，疑問句，祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)等。 （3）行文邏輯。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判斷等。,短文改錯(cuò),高考內(nèi)容,a.(00) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.,schoolmates,b.(04)After class we become stranger at once.,strangers,c.(01)They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.,subjects,1.名詞,考點(diǎn)設(shè)置,e.(02)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.,pictures,e. (05) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school,命題特點(diǎn):本來用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù). 改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系.,f. (06) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.,advantages,idea,（一）分清可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞，記住常用不可數(shù)名詞。 （二）熟記可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式變化及不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化形式。 （三）注意可數(shù)名詞在句中的用法，要么在前加 a ,an 或 the，要么用它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 （四）不能混淆修飾詞。（只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few, a few, many, a number of, many a ,只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle, a little, much, an amount of, a great deal of,兩者都可修飾的有 some, any, a lot of , plenty of , a quantity of , masses of ) （五）注意固定搭配中的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 （六）并列結(jié)構(gòu)中單，復(fù)數(shù)一致。,名詞,a.(02) It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.,b.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .,c.(03) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .,us,2.代詞,myself,it,d.(05) Some students may also save up for our college or future use .,their,e.(03)I was learning to express me in simple English. f.(06) I just smiled to me and thought, “What can I do? We are guests after all.”,命題特點(diǎn)： 1.女性代詞指代男性或相反； 2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)； 3.代詞詞性誤用。 改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。,myself,myself,they,代詞（一）人稱代詞應(yīng)注意 （）不能錯(cuò)用人稱代詞（主格和賓格，形物和名物）；上下文指代不一致。 (）上下文單復(fù)數(shù)一致； （）上下文陰陽性一致。 （二）指示代詞應(yīng)注意 （）this , that 表示單數(shù)，those , these 表示復(fù)數(shù) （）such , same 多用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)，例如： suchas/that, the same as/that. (三）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞不能混淆。 （四）熟記常用的不定代詞，如：one, all , both , either , neither , each ,many , much , little ,few , other , another , something , anything , nothing 等。注意：something, anything , nothing,?？醋鲉螖?shù)，修飾它們的形容詞應(yīng)后置。,a.(01) we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.,b.(02) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.,c. (03) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.,d.(04)Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.,3.介詞,at,about,e.(05)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.,for,in,f. (06) He was looking for a glass the cupboard.,in,命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯(cuò)誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯(cuò)誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；3）動(dòng)詞詞類確定錯(cuò)誤，如talk , serve, wait等。,a.(01) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-,do,b.(02) The time passes quickly. Evening came.,c.(03)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.,d. (04)I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.,4.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),passed,read,talk,f.(05)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. g. (06)We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.,命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)的誤用，句中一般沒有時(shí)間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個(gè)語篇的時(shí)態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突然一個(gè)句子用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)互改為多。,took,had,動(dòng)詞常見錯(cuò)誤,1) 一般過去時(shí)與一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)錯(cuò)用。 2) 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用,。 3) And 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。 4) 主謂不一致。 5) 缺少謂語動(dòng)詞（尤其缺be動(dòng)詞）。 6) Used to do錯(cuò)用 7)主動(dòng)與態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用 8）及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞混用，及物動(dòng)詞加介詞多余，不及物后面未加介詞。,a. (00) She is smiling at me but nodding at me .,and,b. (01)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.,c. (02)The food was expensive and the service was good.,or,5.andbutor誤用及前后不一致,d. (06) I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.,e.(02)we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.,but,and,visited,f.(03) she liked it very much and reads it to the class.,命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。1）根據(jù)句意確定錯(cuò)誤；2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯(cuò)誤,read,a.(02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.,in,b.(04) I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.,c. (03)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.,how,6.從句連詞,d.(01)What things are in other homes, I wonder.,why,when,f.(05)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.,g.(06) They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.,if,that,命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中邊接方句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取?a. (02) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.,the,b. ( 01)We may be one family and live under a same roof,but-,c. (04) on Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.,the,7.冠詞,a,d. (05)I hope youve had pleasant journey home,a,命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個(gè)，只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。,a. (04)I would describe myself as shy and quietly.,quiet,b. (04)There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.,personal,c. (04)Finding information on the Net is easily.,easy,d.(05) So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.,than,8.形容詞、副詞,e.(05) My pronunciation was terribly . f.(06) They came back lately and had some tea.,命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級(jí)等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；2）修飾連系動(dòng)詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。,terrible,late,形容詞和副詞 一）分清形容詞和副詞，譬如有以-y 結(jié)尾的詞 是形容詞而不是副詞 。例如: Friendly , lively, lovely, likely, dearly , silly , orderly , lonely . 二）正確使用形容詞或副詞 ，尤其是同形兼類詞 。形容詞修飾名詞，作定語 ；置于系動(dòng)詞后，作表語；副詞作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，其它副詞，甚至整個(gè)句子。 三） 分清等級(jí)使用，以免混淆。 四）正確使用修飾等級(jí)的修飾詞。,a.(01)My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.,to,b.(02)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.,talking,c.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.,9.非謂語動(dòng)詞,visited,d.(05) Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.,to,f.(05) Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.,命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：1）謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用；2）動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的錯(cuò)用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯(cuò)用等。,allows,（1）整體把握短文大意。 （2）逐句分析，把握結(jié)構(gòu)。 （3）粗略分析詞法、句法、邏輯上是否有 問題。 （4）逐行修改，先易后難。 （5）復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 （6）要注意答題是否合乎規(guī)范。,應(yīng)試技巧點(diǎn)撥,此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行作出判斷：如無錯(cuò)誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾（）如有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤），則按下列情況改正： 此行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。 此行缺一個(gè)詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。 此行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。 注意：原行沒有錯(cuò)的不要改。,解題要求,必考類型應(yīng)記住， 名詞多考單復(fù)數(shù)。 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài), 代詞邏輯要區(qū)分。 并列連詞是重點(diǎn), 從屬連詞易誤用。 介詞搭配要記牢， “ 1116 ”來比較。 以下項(xiàng)目經(jīng)?？? 冠詞形副非謂語。 其它不會(huì)全打勾, 回讀復(fù)查敲定稿。,改錯(cuò)秘訣,2006高考全國卷,An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.High76 over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. The 77 hole became bigger and bigger. The air keeps the 78 balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was 79 coming up. The two men threw all their equipment into 80,The water to make the balloon light. It started to rise 81 higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 82 finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to 83 save themselves. The crowd waiting for to greet them in 84 England was very surprised see this when the balloon 85 landed in front of them.,An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea betwe