翻譯練習(xí)答案及相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí).ppt

More Exercise(語(yǔ)法) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1. Why didnt you tell me you could lend me the money? I _( 本來(lái)不必從銀行借錢的) 2. By the time you get to New York, I _( 已經(jīng)動(dòng)身去) London。 3. Its time _ （采取措施） about the traffic problem downtown. 4. It is essential that _ (把程序輸進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī))。,neednt have borrowed it form the bank,shall have left for,something was done / some measures were taken,the program be loaded into computer.,More Exercise(語(yǔ)法) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 5. He insisted that the seats _事先預(yù)定). 6. If we hadnt made adequate preparations, _ (會(huì)議是不會(huì)開(kāi)得這么成功的). 7. _( 正是由于她太沒(méi)有 經(jīng)驗(yàn)) that she does not know how to deal with the situation. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 8. The room is in a terrible mess; it_ ( 肯定沒(méi)打掃過(guò))。 (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞),be booked in advance,the conference wouldnt have been so successful,It is because she is too inexperienced,cant have been cleaned,More Exercise(語(yǔ)法) 倒裝 9. Under no circumstance _ (允許游客在草地上行走). 10. _(他們幾乎連一片面包也 不浪費(fèi))they waste. 11.Four thousand dollars _(她付不起).主謂一致,can vistors be allowed to walk on the grass,Hardly a slice of bread did,is more than she can afford,More Exercise(語(yǔ)法) 12. His salary is _.(是我的兩倍) 倍數(shù) 13. _, (他雖有耐性) he was unwilling to wait three hours. 狀語(yǔ)從句 14. Sound is a tool _(人們通過(guò)它互相 交流). 定語(yǔ)從句 15._(樣樣精通), is to know nothing. 不定式,two times/twice as much as mine,Patient as he was,by means of which people communicate with each other,To know everything,1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt to lives in different cultures/adapt (oneself) to living in different cultures(適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活). 2.Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive/appealing to me than reading (沒(méi)有什么比讀書對(duì)我更有吸力). 3.The victim would have had chances to survive (本來(lái)會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái)if he had been taken to hospital in time. 4.The finding of this study failed to take peoples sleep quality into account (將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi)). 5.Thanks to a series of new inventions (多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明), doctors and treat this disease successfully. 6 In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am more inclined to get tired than before (我比以前更容易累了).,7. I am going to pursue this course, no matter what kind of sacrifice I will make (無(wú)論我要付出什么樣的犧牲). 8.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because the former is more convenient and time-saving / it is more (它更加方便和省時(shí)). 9. Compared with/As opposed to the place where I grew up(與我成長(zhǎng)的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 10 . Not until he had accomplished the task(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 11.The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂). 12. It is simple. The more preparation you do now, the less nervous you will be before the exam,12. It is suggested that the air conditioner (should) be fixed/installed by the window (要安裝在窗戶旁). 13.The 16-yeat-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite the strong opposition of her parents/ her parents strong opposition (她父母的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)) 14.What most parents are concerned about (大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. 15.What many people dont realize(很多人所沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.,所說(shuō)的話只是 一種主觀愿望、假想和建議等。 考試的頻度非常大。虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要分為兩大類： 謂語(yǔ)使用動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去 完成時(shí),虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法講解,一句子謂語(yǔ)需用動(dòng)詞原形的情況,（1）英語(yǔ)中有些表示愿望、建議、命令、要求的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)需用should十動(dòng)詞原形， 美國(guó)英語(yǔ)多用動(dòng)詞原形，英國(guó)英語(yǔ)可用動(dòng)詞原形或用 should十動(dòng)詞原形兩種形式。 這些常用動(dòng)詞包括： suggest，propose，recommend，order，demand ,command, request，require，insist，desire，ask，urge，advise，move（提議），prefer(寧愿)，determine，resolve，decide，vote，arrange. 這些動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)仍需用虛擬式。 Mary insisted that John come We prefer that the plan should be fully discussed before being put into execution .,that 從句 sb（should）do,2)與這些動(dòng)詞同源的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 與這些動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞有： suggestionproposalrecommendationorder demandrequestrequirementinsistencedesire advicemotion（動(dòng) 議）determinationresolutiondecision/preferencearrangement e.g. He gave orders that the work（should）be started at once,3）在一些形容詞后面的從句謂語(yǔ)需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 英語(yǔ)中有些表示必要性、重要性、愿望、建議、驚異、遺憾、要求等意思的形容詞， 在 It is十形容詞十 that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)需用虛擬式。 這些常用的形容詞有：necessaryimportantvitalessentialimperative (緊急的) /urgent /appropriate/ preferable(更可取的)/ natural/ strange/ amazing/ desirable/ advisable/ incredible（不可思議的 ； Its imperative that we （should）make a quick decision。 It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once,二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用,（1）用于賓語(yǔ)從句,、wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：,表現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去時(shí) 表過(guò)去 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 表將來(lái) would, might, could動(dòng)詞原形,I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I wouldcould go.,2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。,insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.,注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist 表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意,那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢,在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形” should可以省略,（2）用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.,A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她這樣做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,（3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在主語(yǔ)從句中,B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required. that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan.,C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that句型中從 句也常用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.,1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略,三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中,It is high time that you went to school.,2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式; 如果是過(guò)去的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,3. would rather + 從句 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成時(shí),I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.,4. as if ( as though) 看起來(lái) 常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式 (had done).,He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.,He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it,5. even if ( even though)即使,Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.,Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done could have done 本來(lái)可以- - - might have done 本來(lái)可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本來(lái)應(yīng)該做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。 You shouldnt have told her the truth . neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比較：didnt need to do 沒(méi)必要做也沒(méi)有做 - - - 我沒(méi)必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了 I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it. would have done 本來(lái)會(huì)去做-,我沒(méi)有足夠的錢否則我會(huì)買那本書的,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中,If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 （動(dòng)詞be用were),主語(yǔ)+should,would, might,could動(dòng)詞 原形,If+主語(yǔ)+had +過(guò)去分詞,主語(yǔ)should, would, might, could have done,1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 2、If+主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形 3、If+主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形,主語(yǔ)should, would might, could動(dòng)詞 原形,有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式等來(lái)表示。如： Without contradiction, nothing would exist. 沒(méi)有矛盾就沒(méi)有世界。 We could not have done the work well without your help. 要是沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能做好這項(xiàng)工作。 It would be a good idea to go swimming at the Summer Palace. 到頤和園去游泳，倒是個(gè)好主意。 All this would have been impossible in the old society. 這一切在舊社會(huì)是不可能的。 Were-虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可用其他形式表示,如without, but for, otherwise, or等,比較級(jí) (倍數(shù))： 例1：Since my childhood I have found that to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. (沒(méi)有什么比讀書對(duì)我更有吸引力) （2006. 12） 例2： On average, it is said, visitors spend only _( 一半的錢 ) in a day in Leeds as in London. Key: half as much (money) 比較中的倍數(shù)關(guān)系， 類似表達(dá)還有 twice as much (many) as,比較語(yǔ)法講解,倍數(shù)增減的表示法,is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than） reacts three times as fast as the other one （考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as） is 49 times the size of the moon （考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞） wants to raise the rent by a third （考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù)） plan to double their investment （考點(diǎn)：double + 名詞）,1當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用倒裝，如不在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用正常語(yǔ)序。 Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion. 只有當(dāng)你獲得足夠的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，你才能得出正確的結(jié)論。 Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology. 只有這樣我們才能趕上世界的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。 其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。 真題 【CET-6：2007.6】 Only in the small town_.(他才感到安全和放松) 參考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed,倒裝語(yǔ)法講解,2never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時(shí)用倒裝。 這類詞或詞組常用的有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，not until，by no means，under no circumstances，under no condition，in no way(決不) ，in no case(決不)，neither (nor)，no sooner (than)，hardly (when)，barely(僅僅，幾乎不)，on no account，in no circumstances(決不)，not a bit，nowhere，not only，but also等。 Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉爾不僅是一位政治家，還是一位詩(shī)人。 Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我從未聽(tīng)到過(guò)這種胡說(shuō)！,3the more, the more結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。 【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 參考答案：the more confused I am,【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_. (他都不應(yīng)該對(duì)法庭說(shuō)謊) 參考答案：should he lie to the court. 【CET-6：2007.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 參考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out),(我從來(lái)沒(méi)) _ seen such a nice movie. (他不再) _ in charge of this work. (她沒(méi)怎么) _ think of the consequence. (哪兒也找不到他們)_ to be found. (我?guī)缀趼?tīng)不懂)_ understand what he said. (他很少到別處去)_ anywhere except to the library. _ words _ exchange.(他們幾乎沒(méi)交談),Notes to the TextFocus Study,Never have I,No longer was he,Little did she,Nowhere were they,Hardly could I,Seldom did he go,Few,did they,1. Not even once did this thought come to her mind. 2.No sooner were they released by order of the court than they were rearrested by the police. 3. By no means is it easy to pass the test when you are not spending enough time preparing. 4. Seldom did the couple go to the theater together during their stay in the USA. 5. Not until we understand the person who has the disease can we understand the disease.,主謂一致 1由and或bothand連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)并列主語(yǔ)作為整體或指同一個(gè)人、同一事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。由and連接的兩個(gè)以上名詞，如果前面有eacheveryno時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 2就近原則 : 當(dāng)oreitherorneithernor或not onlybut also連接一個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于最接近它的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。 意義一致原則:在主語(yǔ)后有“as well as等+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，主謂一致不受修飾語(yǔ)或“as well as等+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)影響。此外，主語(yǔ)后若跟有accompanied byalong withas much asbesidesexcept(but)An addition toincludinginstead ofno less thannot to mentionin company withlikemore thanrather than(together)with等+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，也不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)， 例如：Unemployment as well as taxes influences votes Taxes，not to mention unemployment, influence votes,主謂一致語(yǔ)法講解,后面接上with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but, except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather t