概念第四冊(cè)lessonfindingfossilma.ppt

上海交通大學(xué)外教口語(yǔ),培訓(xùn)教程 新概念第四冊(cè) lesson 1 finding fossil man,上海市徐匯區(qū)華山路1954號(hào)浩然高科技大廈7F 咨詢電話60514663,官方網(wǎng)站:,Page 2,1-1,1-1. We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. 【譯文】我們能讀到五千年前近東發(fā)生之事，那里的人最先學(xué)會(huì)了書寫。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 read：此處為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“讀到，獲悉”（to find out information from books，newspapers etc.），后接of或about，例如： He reads about the war. 他讀到關(guān)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的消息。 Did you read of their accident in the newspapers? 你在報(bào)上看到他們?cè)庥鲆馔馐鹿实南⒘嗣矗?5,000 years：五千年。另學(xué)習(xí)millennium，意為“一千年”，復(fù)數(shù)為millennia。5,000 years即為5 millennia。 the Near East：近東，指地中海東部沿岸地區(qū)，包括亞洲西南部和非洲東北部，有時(shí)還包括巴爾干半島。,Page 3,1-2,1-2. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. 【譯文】但時(shí)至今日世上某些地方的人還不會(huì)書寫。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 even now：此處意為“甚至到現(xiàn)在”，例如： Even now he wont believe me. 他甚至到現(xiàn)在還不相信我。 even now另有兩解，一為“就在此刻”，例如： Perhaps even now the time has arrived.也許正是此刻時(shí)機(jī)來(lái)到了。 另一為“盡管這樣，雖然情況如此”（in spite of what has happened），例如： I have explained everything，but even now she doesnt understand. 我什么都解釋了，但是盡管如此她還是不明白。,Page 4,1-3,1-3. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagaslegends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. 【譯文】他們能夠保存歷史的唯一方法是將歷史當(dāng)傳說(shuō)講述，由講述人一代接一代地口授傳奇故事。 【講解】to recount it asanother是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)way的內(nèi)容，it指history。句中破折號(hào)引出同位語(yǔ)。handed down another是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作legends的定語(yǔ)。another后省略了generation of story-tellers。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 preserve：保存，保留（to make sth. continue without changing）。例如： preserve an old house as a museum 保存一幢老房子用作陳列館 preserve sb.s right to do sth. 保留某人對(duì)某事物的權(quán)利 Few of his early poems are preserved. 他早期的詩(shī)沒(méi)有幾首留存下來(lái)。 recount：詳細(xì)敘述，描述，說(shuō)明（to tell someone a story or describe a series of events），例如： recount a story with real wit 妙趣橫生地講故事 The explorer recounted his adventures in a number of books. 探險(xiǎn)家在好幾本書中描述自己的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷。 saga：英雄傳奇（a long story about events that happened over the years） hand down：把傳下去（to give or leave sth. to people who will live after you），例如： This custom is handed down from the past. 這個(gè)習(xí)慣是過(guò)去傳下來(lái)的。 The gold watch has been handed down in his family. 那塊金表是他家祖?zhèn)鞯摹?Page 5,1-4,1-4. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. 【譯文】這些傳說(shuō)有用，因?yàn)樗鼈兡芨嬖V我們一些人遷徙之事。這些人生活在遠(yuǎn)古，但沒(méi)人能記錄他們的所作所為。 【講解】none可指可數(shù)名詞，亦可指不可數(shù)名詞。指前者時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指后者時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 migration：遷徙，移居（when large numbers of people go to live in another area or country，especially in order to find work），動(dòng)詞形式為migrate，例如： migrate to another country 移居他國(guó),Page 6,1-5,1-5. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. 【譯文】人類學(xué)家過(guò)去不清楚如今生活在太平洋諸島的波利尼西亞各民族的遠(yuǎn)祖來(lái)自何方。 【講解】now living in the Pacific Islands是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作peoples的定語(yǔ)。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 anthropologist：人類學(xué)家。anthropology意為“人類學(xué)”（the scientific study of people，their societies ，cultures，etc.）。相關(guān)詞匯有sociology（社會(huì)學(xué)）和ethnology（人種學(xué)，民族學(xué)）。 remote ancestor：遠(yuǎn)祖（someone related to you，who lived a long time ago）。形容詞remote的常用意為“遙遠(yuǎn)的，久遠(yuǎn)的”（far from towns or other places where people live），例如： the remotest corners of the earth 天涯海角 a custom of remote antiquity 遠(yuǎn)古遺風(fēng) remote亦可作名詞，常用意為“遙控器”（remote controller）。 people：people作“一國(guó)人民，民族”（the people who belong to a particular country，race，or area）解時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)為peoples或people。參照上下文，文中people譯為“民族”。另舉例如下： the peoples of the world 世界各國(guó)人民 a hardworking people 勤勞的民族 the Jewish people 猶太民族 Each people builds a culture adapted to its particular needs. 各民族都建立起一種適應(yīng)其獨(dú)特需要的文化。,Page 7,1-6,1-6. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. 【譯文】當(dāng)?shù)厝说姆N種傳說(shuō)向世人解釋了其中一些民族約在兩千年前遷自印度尼西亞。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 saga:傳說(shuō)（a long story about events that happen over many year）。,Page 8,1-7,1-7. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. 【譯文】但是，和我們相似的原始人生活的年代太久遠(yuǎn)了，因此有關(guān)他們的傳說(shuō)，即使存在，如今也失傳了。,Page 9,1-8,1-8. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first modern men came from. 【譯文】于是，考古學(xué)家既無(wú)歷史記載，亦無(wú)口頭傳說(shuō)來(lái)幫助他們弄清首批“現(xiàn)代人”來(lái)自何方。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 legend:傳說(shuō)（an old，well-known story，often about brave people, adventures, or magical events）。形容詞為legendary。,Page 10,1-9,1-9. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. 【譯文】然而，幸運(yùn)的是，遠(yuǎn)古人用制作石器，特別是燧石器，因?yàn)殪菔绕渌^更易成形。 【講解】other kinds后面省略了of stones。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 flint：燧石（a type of smooth hard stone that makes a small flame when you hit it with steel）。,Page 11,1-10,1-10. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. 【譯文】他們也可能用過(guò)木頭和獸皮，但這兩類東西早已腐爛殆盡。 【講解】may also have used意為“可能使用過(guò)”，may完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。these指wood and skins。 【單詞和短語(yǔ)】 rot: 腐敗，腐爛（to decay by a gradual natural process, or to make something to do this）。,Page 12,1-11,1-11. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 【譯文】石頭不會(huì)腐爛。因此，雖然制造這些工具的人的骨頭早已蕩然無(wú)存，但遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的石器卻保存至今。 【講解】when even the bones tra