2020版高考英語必考點(diǎn)專題16閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測題（精講深剖）（含解析）.docx

專題16 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測題精講深剖真題速遞（2019全國I卷A）Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合條件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社區(qū)).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(機(jī)會)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 本文為應(yīng)用文。本文敘述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了許多項(xiàng)目來幫助學(xué)生暑期在找到工作。21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Summer Company部分中的“Summer Company provides students with .awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company為學(xué)生提供高達(dá)3000美元的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，來開始和經(jīng)營他們自己的暑期業(yè)務(wù)”?！皊tart and run their own summer businesses”即“為開辦新的業(yè)務(wù)”，這對應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的“running new businesses”，二者是詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系。故選B。22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合條件的學(xué)生：16歲或17歲的學(xué)生，但在今年12月31日之前未滿18歲”。由此得出，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目要求年齡在16-17歲之間。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who is eligible: .Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知Summer Employment Opportunities有些職位是給殘疾人的。分析選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。（2019全國I卷B）For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes, nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”本文屬于記敘文，講述Thomas Whaley為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)英語以及樹立信心專門開展了一個(gè)演講課程。24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段today is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句But hes nervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那種喜歡公共演講的孩子，但是他卻很緊張，故可知Chris是因?yàn)樽鲅葜v緊張，故選B。25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段 “Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. 以及后文except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well 可知, Chris 發(fā)ld比較困難，這對于英語不是母語的學(xué)習(xí)者來說都是一個(gè)困難，總體來說Chris做得出奇的好。根據(jù)前文可知，ld發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)，因此有些結(jié)巴，停頓得不準(zhǔn)，故選A。（2019全國II卷B）“You can use me as a last resort(選擇), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(長曲棍球)club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社區(qū))as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文中講述了作者成功說服了一個(gè)家長參加志愿者團(tuán)隊(duì)，作為一名志愿者作者發(fā)揮了自己的作用，并獲得了快樂。25. What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線前句she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句話I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on .可知，作者為了勸服這位家長，舉了兩個(gè)例子。故可知，劃線句此處應(yīng)是“煽情”之意。故選B。26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A. She gets interested in lacrosse.B. She is proud of her kids.C. Shell work for another season.D. She becomes a good helper.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中這位家長作出的貢獻(xiàn)及the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team可知，她最終成為了志愿者隊(duì)伍中的重要的一員，也即是說，她成了一個(gè)好幫手。故選D。27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.C. It enables her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.【答案】B【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問作者為什么喜歡做志愿者工作。根據(jù)第四最兩句Connecting to the community（社區(qū)）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.可知，為社區(qū)做貢獻(xiàn)可以帶來真正的快樂， 參加志愿者活動(dòng)活動(dòng)能讓人感覺快樂。故選B。（2019全國III卷B）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.Its no secret that China has always been a source(來源)of inspiration for designers, says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(時(shí)尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美學(xué))on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.China is impossible to overlook, says Hill. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. Of course, only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales, adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers, she says. China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.這是一篇議論文。文章主要講了中國文化對世界時(shí)尚屆的影響，中國年輕的設(shè)計(jì)師和模特如何最終在許多方面被認(rèn)可。中國成了世界時(shí)尚的風(fēng)向標(biāo)。24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展覽吸引的參觀者人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了記錄，顯示出人們對中國影響的濃厚興趣。）由此可知，紐約的展覽吸引了許多參觀者，故選B。25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中國模特是向全世界女性推銷夢想的美和時(shí)尚活動(dòng)的代言人，這意味著中國女性不僅僅是時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者她們是這場運(yùn)動(dòng)的核心。）由此可知，Hill說中國女性開創(chuàng)了新時(shí)尚，故選A。26. What do the underlined words taking on in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales說并在設(shè)計(jì)和銷售上擊敗他們。由此推斷出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在與Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs競爭。taking on意思是“競爭”，故選D?？季V解讀對于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，考綱要求考生既能理解具體的事實(shí)，也能理解抽象的概念，且能理解文中某句、某段的意義。因此對此類型的試題，考生一般可以直接從文章中找出答案。詞義猜測題著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的能力，這也是一個(gè)從“已知”得出“未知”的過程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子)進(jìn)行推理，有時(shí)還需要依靠常識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測詞義?？疾榉秶婕皢卧~意義理解、短語意義理解、句子意義理解或代詞指代對象的確定等?？键c(diǎn)精講一 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見設(shè)問方式 細(xì)節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息。常見的命題方式有：1特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。2判斷是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或EXCEPT等的判斷是非的問題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。3以“According to.”開頭的提問形式。4填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from _.此類題目相對簡單，只要考生認(rèn)真并且細(xì)心，得分就會比較容易。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)的特征 1同義替換。對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把lose ones job換成了be out of work。有時(shí)候詞性或者語態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important改成of importance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。2語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。3正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)?！痉椒记伞?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題無論以怎樣的方式提問，考生都要記住一個(gè)解題原則“本本主義”，一切從原文出發(fā)，無需讀很多段落甚至全文后去歸納總結(jié)、分析推理，正確答案就對應(yīng)原文的某一處具體信息。第一步 審讀題干和選項(xiàng)，回到原文定信息區(qū)間 通過題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞找到定位點(diǎn)，開始精讀文章直到下一題的定位區(qū)域出現(xiàn)。只有兩種情況需要向上找尋信息：定位到的信息為數(shù)字串，或舉例說明部分；出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞(therefore, so, as a result)或代詞(that, these, it)。 第二步 將選項(xiàng)和原文一一對比，求同排異定答案利用“同義原則”，找出原文中與正確選項(xiàng)匹配的同義詞組，將原文出現(xiàn)的信息和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對，確定正確選項(xiàng)。做任何閱讀理解題都不是找感覺，本質(zhì)上是找同義詞，解題時(shí)找出的同義詞組越多，答案就越準(zhǔn)確，這是解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題的基本方法。 【考題印證】(2017全國，A)In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeares plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.National Theatre of China Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion(盛會)will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK. The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time：Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi|GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed (指導(dǎo))by the companys Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time：Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre London I British Sign Language(BSL)By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30pmHabima National Theatre Tel Aviv|HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrewlanguage theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time：Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了全球的藝術(shù)家將聚集到一起用他們自己的語言表演莎士比亞的戲劇的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1.Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China？ARichard .BLoves Labours Lost. CAs You Like It.DThe Merchant of Venice.【答案】A【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的“the National Theatre of China”可將答案定位于National Theatre of China部分中的“Shakespeares Richard ”，故選A項(xiàng)。2.What is special about Deafinitely Theatre？_AIt has two groups of actors. BIt is the leading theatre in London.CIt performs plays in BSL. DIt is good at producing comedies.【答案】A【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Deafinitely Theatre部分中的“By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy”可知Deafinitely Theatre的特別之處就是使用BSL 表演喜劇，創(chuàng)造出了一種對莎士比亞喜劇的新的詮釋。故C項(xiàng)正確。 3.When can you see a play in Hebrew？_AOn Saturday 28 April.BOn Sunday 29 April.COn Tuesday 22 May.DOn Tuesday 29 May.【答案】D【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的“Hebrew”可將該題答案定位在最后一部分中。根據(jù)最后一部分中的“Date&Time：Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm”可知，故選D項(xiàng)。(2017北京，B)Inspiring young minds!TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of childrens publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. Sounds too good to be true?Take a look onlineevidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.Happy Birthday All Year!What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.SUBSCRIBE NOWAnnual Subscription Europe 55 Rest of World 65Annual Subscription with Gift PackIncludes a Mammoth Map, a Passport Puzzle Booklet, and SubscriptionEurope 60 Rest of World 70Refund Policythe subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.文章大意：這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了TOKNOW雜志的內(nèi)容、訂購價(jià)格和退訂等方面的信息。8.Why is TOKNOW a special magazine？_AIt entertains young parents.BIt provides serious advertisements.CIt publishes popular science fictions.DIt combines fun with complex concepts.【答案】D【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month”可知，TOKNOW雜志的特殊之處在于它將趣味性與有挑戰(zhàn)性的、復(fù)雜的概念結(jié)合起來。故選D。9.What does TOKNOW offer its readers？_AOnline courses.BArticles on new topics.CLectures on a balanced life.DReports on scientific discoveries.【答案】B【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)What inside？部分中的“Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles，experiments and creative things to make”可知TOKNOW刊登關(guān)于新話題的文章。個(gè)B項(xiàng)正確。 10.How much should you pay if you make a 12month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China._A55. B60. C65. D70.【答案】D【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Annual Subscription with Gift Pack部分中的“Rest of World 70”可知，在中國按年訂購有禮包的TOKNOW雜志需要70。故選D。11.Subscribers of TOKNOW would get _.Afree birthday presents Bfull refund within 28 daysCmembership of the TOKNOW club Dchances to meet the experts in person【答案】B【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中的“Refund Policythe subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.”可知，28天之內(nèi)退訂的訂購者可以或得全額退款。故B正確。二詞義猜測題【題型特點(diǎn)】詞義猜測題常見設(shè)問方式1(1)What does the underlined word mean in the.?(2)The word “.” probably refers to.其中均含有word or underlined word。2(1)The term/sentence in. ca