初中英語名詞考點小結(jié).ppt

初中英語名詞考點小結(jié) I hope everyone can make success in education exam. Ms.Zhang,專有名詞（Proper Nouns） 普通名詞 (Common Nouns） 專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。 普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。,名詞的分類,1）個體名詞（Individual Nouns）：表示某類人或東西中的 個體，如：student,desk,apple。 2）集體名詞（Collective Nouns）：表示若干個個體組成的 集合體，如：class,team,family。 3）物質(zhì)名詞（Material Nouns）：表示無法分為個體的實 物，如：rice,water,milk。 4）抽象名詞（Abstract Nouns）：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、 感情等抽象概念，如：love,life,work。,普通名詞又分為四類,個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞（Countable Nouns） 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountable Nouns）,所以一般情況下我們所說的名詞復(fù)數(shù)指的就是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)問題,一般情況 加 -s 1.清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps book-books 2.濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags car-cars,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(1),以s, sh, ch,x 等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches,bridge- bridges 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -s 讀 /iz/ exercise-exercises,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(2),以y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加-s變復(fù)數(shù)： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞 變y 為i 再加es 讀 /z/ baby-babies factory-factories,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(3),以f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加-s roof-roofs b. 去f, fe 加-ves thief-thieves wife-wives knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves half-halves leaf-leaves life-lives,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(4),總結(jié)：小偷和妻子用架子上的小刀結(jié)束了狼和樹葉的半條命,a tomato,some tomatoes,some potatoes,some heroes,初中階段以o結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)主要是加- s,只有這幾個加- es: Heroes love tomatoes and potatoes.,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(5),foot - feet,child - children,tooth - teeth,mouse - mice,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(1),goose- geese,總結(jié)：牙腳鵝,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(2),man - men,woman - women,men doctors,women teachers,a German,some Germans,American -Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadians,some policemen,a policeman,Englishman Englishmen Frenchman - Frenchmen,一些需要強調(diào)的表示人的名詞復(fù)數(shù),one sheep,two sheep,a Chinese,two Chinese,a Japanese,several Japanese,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(3):單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,總結(jié)：羊鹿魚,one fish 一條魚,fishes 不同種類的魚各種各樣的魚,three fish 三條魚,some fish一些魚肉,可數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(4): “fish”,想一想：我們學(xué)過的名詞還有哪些和fish的用法相同？,必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(1) a.有些詞既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)但意思不同: paper 報紙/試卷/文件/講義 紙張 time 次數(shù)/倍數(shù) 時間 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房間 空間 fish 魚 魚肉 b.有些詞雖以-s結(jié)尾但卻是單數(shù): news , math(s) , physics , politics, . c.有些詞始終是復(fù)數(shù)形式: people(人們), clothes, trousers, glasses(眼鏡) , works(著作), times(時代). 有些詞通常都是復(fù)數(shù)形式: shoes, gloves, ,d. people有兩種意思:人/人們;民族 There are 56 peoples in China. 民族(加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)) There are 56 people in the room. 人(們)(本身就是復(fù)數(shù)) e.這些是最常見的不可數(shù)名詞,一般都沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 news, information, weather, work(工作), bread, knowledge, advice, fun 但是可以加上一些表示單位的名詞來夠成短語: a _ of paper / bread / meat / work / advice a _ of tea / coffee a _of water / milk a _ of glasses / trousers / gloves,必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(2),piece cup glass/bottle pair,a.“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語時該名詞用單數(shù)形式 a two-month holiday an 8-year-old boy the boys 400-metre race,必須注意的特殊用法,b.關(guān)于幾個表示數(shù)量的單位詞 hundreds / thousands / millions of people 9 hundred / thousand / million people,總結(jié)：數(shù)字連字符用原型,總結(jié)：確切數(shù)字用原型，概述s加of,中考有關(guān)名詞的試題,1、These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 2、This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 3、-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 4、 -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 5、 _ turn yellow in autumn. A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs,C,D,D,C,B,6、Help yourselves to some _ , dear children! A. fishs B. fishes C. fish D. the fish 7、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 8、Are they going to have a picnic on _ ? A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 9、_ hard work it is! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a 10、I met two _ in the street yesterday morning. A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese 11、 _ are going to England for a holiday. A. The Wang B. Wangs C. The Wangs D. The Wangs,C,B,A,C,D,D,根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。 1. “Whats your n_?” “Li Lei.” 2. How many d_ does your uncle have? 3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside. 4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_. 5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world. 6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living. 8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air. 9. H