高一英語(yǔ) 主謂一致課件.ppt

,主謂一致的概念：主語(yǔ)和其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱 和數(shù)上保持一致。 主謂一致分為三種情況：,語(yǔ)法一致,意義一致,就近一致,主謂“三”一致,1.The boy _ diving.(be),2.They _ diving.,3.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,5.All of them _ diving.,4.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,主謂一致是指句子的_與_在_和_上必須保持一致 主謂一致的三個(gè)原則: 1. 語(yǔ)法一致 2. 意義一致 3. 就近原則,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ),人稱,數(shù),一、語(yǔ)法一致的原則即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂 語(yǔ)為單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)若為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)亦為復(fù)數(shù)。,(1) 如果主語(yǔ)后面跟有with、together with, along with, but, except, like, in addition to, including, besides, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than 等短語(yǔ)再加一個(gè) 名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與主語(yǔ)（第一個(gè)詞） 保持一致。如：,A library together with 5000 books was given to our school as a gift. Mr. Johnson as well as his wife and children is visiting the Great Wall now. All but Tom have gone to the cinema.,語(yǔ)法一致,(2) 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果主語(yǔ)是 同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同意概念時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,A teacher and writer is going to give us a speech. Bread and butter is usually my breakfast. The professor and scientist has already come. A teacher and a writer are in the office.,語(yǔ)法一致,(3) 不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或 主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：,To learn English well takes effort. Serving the people is my great happiness. When well go for an outing has not been decided yet. How he can speak so good English interests us all.,語(yǔ)法一致,(4) 用 and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each，every，no 或 many a 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：,Each boy and each girl has been given a gift. No teacher and no student is in the classroom. Every pen and every book _ ( lay ) on the desk already. Many a boy and many a girl is interested in her lesson.,has been laid,語(yǔ)法一致,(5) each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用單數(shù)。 復(fù)數(shù)代詞 + each，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,Each of us has something to say. Each of them has been given a piece of bread. We each have a dictionary. They each have done their work.,語(yǔ)法一致,語(yǔ)法一致,(6) none作主語(yǔ)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，但修飾 不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。 如：,None of us are(is) perfect. None of these books are(is) mine. None of his money has been found again. None of this worries me.,語(yǔ)法一致,(7) 名詞如trousers, scissors, glasses, goods , clothes 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)， 但當(dāng)它們前面有a pair of 或one pair of 修飾 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。如：,My trousers are black. His glasses are expensive. A pair of trousers lies on my bed. A pair of glasses was given to me as a gift.,語(yǔ)法一致,(8) 形復(fù)意單名詞如：news; 以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科 名詞如：physics, mathematics, economics; 國(guó)名如：the United States; 報(bào)紙名如： the New York Times; 書(shū)名如：Arabian Nights天方夜譚；以及the United Nations 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如：,Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories. The New York Times is a popular reading material for students. Physics is my favourite subjects.,語(yǔ)法一致,(9) “a/an + 名詞 + and a half”, “one and a half + 名詞” “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如：,An apple and a half is on the table. One and a half days has passed. The number of the students in our class is 63.,語(yǔ)法一致,(10) 百分?jǐn)?shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+ of + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) （或不可數(shù)名詞）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 百分?jǐn)?shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+ of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：,Twenty percent of land has been turned into a playground. Two thirds of the apple is rotten. Sixty percent of the workers in the factory are women.,語(yǔ)法一致,Many a/an + n. + V(單數(shù)）+ O. 表示復(fù)數(shù)的意思，譯作 “很多”。如：,Many a student is interested in English. 很多學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。 Many a teacher has resigned. 很多老師已經(jīng)辭職了。 Many an apple has gone bad. 很多蘋(píng)果已經(jīng)壞了。 Many a mistake has been made by him. 他犯了很多錯(cuò)誤。,語(yǔ)法一致,（12） A (large) quantity of + N. + V + O. 動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由名詞決定； A (large) ammount of + N. (不可數(shù)名詞）+ V (單三）+ O. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但是， Large quantities of + N. (pl.or uc）+ V (復(fù)數(shù)）+ O. Large ammounts of + N. (不可數(shù)名詞）+ V (復(fù)數(shù)）+ O. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,A large quantity of sugar has been put in the boiled water. Large quantities of money have been wasted on the project. A larege ammount of time has been spent on English. Large ammounts of time have been saved by the new invention.,語(yǔ)法一致,“This kind of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； “復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + of this kind” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,This kind of apples was imported from America. Apples of this kind were imported from America.,語(yǔ)法一致,(14) “A/An + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； “One or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,A day or two is enough for this work. One or two days are enough for this work. A man or two is to be sent there to help them. One or two men are to be sent there to help them.,語(yǔ)法一致,（15）“A set of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 及 “A series of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：,A series of debates was scheduled for the weekend. The sales man told me that a good set of tires was guaranteed to run at least fifty thousand miles.,語(yǔ)法一致,(15) 在 “one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句” 結(jié)構(gòu)中， 定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果one 前面有the only 修飾時(shí)，定于從句的謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。 如：,Mary is one of the students that have been invited to sing at the concert. Mary is the only one of the students that has been invited to sing at the concert.,二、意義一致的原則指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動(dòng)詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。,不定代詞all, most, some 等作助于書(shū)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所指代的 名詞的數(shù)。如：,意義一致,意義一致,（2）”the + 形容詞（或分詞）” 指一類人， 如：the rich (富人), the living (活著的人), the wounded (傷者）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：,The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The rich are eager to help the poor. The wounded have been taken good care of . The living have to cheer up and continue to live.,意義一致,(3) 用and 連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看做一個(gè) 整體時(shí)，如：bread and butter(面包加黃油), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。如：,意義一致,（4）不定數(shù)量的詞組，如：a part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, plenty of 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于 它們所修飾的名詞。如：,A part of the textbooks have arrived. A part of the apple has beeb eaten up by the pig. A lot of people have heared the news. A lof of money has been spent on this project.,意義一致,(5) 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、度量等的名詞作 主語(yǔ)，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們作為一個(gè)單 一的概念時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：,One million dollars is a lot of money. Ten miles is a long distance. Two years is enough is learn a foreign language.,三、就