2018屆高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)真題研練52牛津譯林版.docx

真題研練52 Task 1：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2015北京，C)Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen，a scientist in biology，says，“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless theyre eating it，or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become seethrough? Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light，at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water.You dont see ityou see the things behind it.To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments，so its tissues wont absorb light.According to Johnsen，avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materialsskin，fat，and moreand light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light，it is easier to be seethrough.Others build a large，clear mass of nonliving jellylike(果凍狀的) material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge，because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how theyre doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear：for these larger animals，staying transparent is an active process.When they die，they turn a nontransparent milky white.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科技說明文，文章解釋了生活在海洋里的透明生物的特點(diǎn)、透明原理以及形成機(jī)制。1According to Paragraph 1，transparent animals _.Astay in groupsBcan be easily damagedCappear only in deep ocean Dare beautiful creatures答案B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第三句“Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.”可知大部分的透明動物都極度脆弱，輕微的觸摸都能使其受到損害。故選B。2The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means _.AsilentlyBgraduallyCregularlyDcompletely答案D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，你能看到物體一種是因?yàn)樗鼈儗膺M(jìn)行了散射，另外一種是因?yàn)樗鼈儗獾奈眨热晃樟?，那么光在傳播過程中就被完全阻止了。故選D。3One way for an animal to become transparent is to _.Achange the direction of light travel Bgather materials to scatter lightCavoid the absorption of lightDgrow bigger to stop light答案C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段第一句“To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.”可知為了成為透明動物，它需要阻止自己的身體吸光或者是散射光。故選C。4The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals _.Amove more slowly in deep waterBstay seethrough even after deathCproduce more tissues for their survivalDtake effective action to reduce light spreading答案D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中“they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light”可知，它們不得不讓身體中所有的不同的組織降低光的傳播速度。故選D。Task 2：詞匯積累1surface n表面2typically adv.典型地；代表性地3surrounding adj.周圍的n.環(huán)境4absorb vt.吸收；吸引的注意5delicate adj.精致的，易碎的6visible adj.明顯的；看得見的7original n原件；原作 adj.原始的；最初的8transparent adj.透明的，明顯的9bounce v彈起，彈回10challenge n挑戰(zhàn)Task 3：單句語法填空1These animals _ (typical) live between the surface of the ocean and a _ (deep)of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.2But some materials slow and scatter light，_ (bounce) it away from its original path.3Animals are built of many different materialsskin，fat，and moreand light moves through each_ a different speed.4Without much tissue to scatter light，it is easier _ (be) seethrough.5One thing is clear for these larger animals，_ (stay)transparent is an active process.答案1.typically；depth2.bouncing3.at4.to be5.stayingTask 4：單句改錯1To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body absorbing or scattering light.2The real challenge is preventing light from scatter.3Most of them are extremely delicate and can damaged by a simple touch.4They have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as many as water does.答案1.body后加from2.scatterscattering3.can后加be4.manymuchTask 5：攻克長難句(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，嘗試翻譯成漢語)The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句，The objects around you are visible是主句，beca