外文翻譯--國自卸車

附 錄 附錄 A.外文文獻原文 Chinese Mining Dump Truck by Zhang Wensheng 1.GeneraI information of domesticmining dump truck sector Since the first Chinese-made mining dump truck was made in 1 969,over two decades have passed,during which,Chinas mining dump truck industry has primarily formed the capacity of producing 20154 ton mining dump trucks.At present,the main manufacturers are as follows；Xiangtan Electric Manufacturing Group Corp Ltd ,North Hauler Limited Liability Company,Benxi Heavy Duty Truck Limited Liability Company.Changzhou Metallurgical Machinery Plant,Beijing Heavy Duty Truck Plant and so on,and the technologies for mining dump trucks have been introduced through multi-channels,such as the establishment of joint ventures and the co-operation in the way of combining technology and trade Mter digesting and assimilating the technologies introduced,China is capable of producing mining dump trucks with load capacity of 154,108,85,77,65,50,40（ 41 51） ,32（ 31 35） ,27 and 20 tons,of which,the annual output of 20 t and over is about 4 500units. Now,about 11000 units of mining dump trucks are on service in domestic construction projects,such as mines,electric stations,railways and so on,about 45000 of which are do mestic-made,mainly including 13JZ3364 model with load capacity of 20 tons（ about 3 000 units） ,BJZ 3480 model with load capacity of 27 tons（ about 200 units） ,3307 model with load capacity of 45 tons（ about 600 units） and a small amount of mining dump trucks with load capacity of 77,85,108 and 154 tons respectively. The batch-produced BJZ 3364 which was self designed in the 1 970s based on the similar Trucks abroad is still at the intemational levels from the late 1970s to the early 1980s in terms of the basic structure and technical specifications BJZ 3480 model truck,a localized one of RD 030 model truck introduced from British Aveling Bedford is at the international level of around the 1980s.The 3307 and 3311 made by Baotou North Truck MFG Co Ltd a Sino-American British ioint venture located in Baotou,nner Mongolia are of the TEREX series products with a LCR of about 64 and with the key assemblies and parts out-sounced So the technicallevel of these two models takes the lead domestically and goes advanced in the world However, compared with the similar ones abroad,the home-made SF 3103 and SF 3150 models of 100 ton class motorized wheel mining dump trucks remain poorer in quality,and their production is very small. 2.Introduction of Mining dump trucks Mining dump trucks are mainly used in various mines and earth sites.Because of their poor working conditions,low level road,and also frequent starting, braking and steering,heavy load,the external loads are complex.At present,designers pay more attention to make the strength and rigidity of the dump truck and their components to meet various requirements,rarely consider their aerodynamic characteristics and aerodynamic design.It is reported that there are about 9000 mining dump trucks in China,general loads of them are more than 20 t,and fuel consumption and pollution emissions have increased significantly.Due to the energy conservation and the demand for environmental protection,it is necessary to improve the fuel economy of dump trucks by reducing their aerodynamic drag. Mining truck is an ideal conveyance in large mines for its high efficiency and good economy,and tends to be larger.Now,the payload of main trucks abroad has been up to 360 tons,but internal manufacturers have not produced mining trucks over 200 tons.Owing to large weight and high speed of trucks and more cuwe and slope in mines,the system of steering,brake and hoisting must be reliable Hydraulic power steering,hydraulic hoisting and full hydraulic brake have been applied in mining trucks So the safety of trucks and production has been affected by hydraulic system seriously. 3.Profile of key manufacturers Of mining dump trucks Beijing Heavy Duty Truck Plant,with 1 800 employees,is one that can msss-produce mining dump trucks with load capacity of 20 and 27 tons.Its leading product,BJZ 3364 mining dump trucks taking the lionS share in home market,are working for more than 100 clients engaged in hydropower projects and small& medium mines nationwide with its population of 3000 units F0r example,in the world-Famous Three Gorges of Changjiang River project site Alone,over 400 units of BJZ3364 dump trucks are booming there.Its mining dump truck line includes BJZ 3364（ with leaf spring） and BJZ 3364Q（ with hydro-pneumatic spring suspension） with the load capacity of 20 t,27 t,BJZ 3480 of 27 t,BJZ 5360GSS nfining sprinkler,gallery operation transport truck,guniting vehicle and so on. North Hauler Limited Liability Company （ NHL） ,a Sino-British-American joint venture located in Baotou city of Inner Mongolia Au- tonomous Regions,has over 400 people in its workforce.and a land area of 110000 m2.With complete sets of equipment and processing facilities of heavy truck production line,the company is capable of producing the TEREX series products of mining dump trucks and articulated vehicles with load capacity of 2085 tons.The annual production program is targeted for 300 units The products are made in accordance with the design drawings,technological process,quality standards and inspection specifications introduced from TEREX Co.NHL persists in introducing the up-to-minute technologies from TEREX Co.in a rolling way and keeping in step with TEREXs products Meanwhile the company has independently developed many new types of vehicles such as springker,coal hauler and concrete delivery truck. Established in 1936,Xiangtan Electric Manufacturing Group Corp.Ltfl.has become one of the largest industrial enterprises in the country,with an enroll of 13000 employees,over 4000 of whom are senior engineers or engineers.It covers a land area about two million m2.There are 4125 units of various production equipment and facilities.Thanks to its preponderance in fabrication of machines,electric motors and electric facilities,the company has formed a higher capability of self -OE supplying with the rate of the self made parts up to 85 percent.The mining dump truck category comprises giant motorized wheel dump trucks with load capacity of 108 t and 154 t.Now,the needed tires,rims,pumps,valves,etc.are home bought；while the main assemblies such as high output engines and hydraulic transmission have to be outsourced. 4 Moving towards enterprise conglomeration Though Chinas mining dump truck sector has developed greatly,it could not buffer the thirst from the domestic mining dump truck market yet.Furthermore,the sector lacks coordination among departments and regions.So,it is necessary to accelerate the reform towards enterprise conglomeration,forming the superiority of Chinas mining dump truck industry in production scale；and making the macrocontrol of domestic mining dump truck production in line with the development trend of the markets home and abroad. China has speeded up the introduction of mining dump truck technologies from abroad in order to avoid detours and has set up some JVS and cooperative enterprises.One of the urgent task confronted with us is to work at digesting and assimilating the technologies already introduced,making full use of the existing equipment and facilities（ some of them are modem and updated both home and abroad） owned by the dump truck manufacturers and suppliers with rational allocation of resources and tapping of resource potential to be focused on. There is every reason to believe that Chinas mining dump truck sector wi ll have a brighter prospect provided that it forms superiority of scale production,strengthens the coordination among the departments and regions by means of setting up enterprise group and seeks actively operative partners at home and abroad. 附錄 B.外文文獻中文翻譯 我國自卸車 章溫勝 1.國內(nèi)礦自卸車的通用信息 自從在 1969年我國第一次國產(chǎn)礦用自卸車的制造， 20多年已經(jīng)過去了，在這期間，我國的自卸車已初步具有生產(chǎn) 20154噸礦用車的能力。目前，主要制造商如下：湘潭電器制造集團有限公司，北機有限責(zé)任公司，本溪重型汽車有限責(zé)任公司等等。常州冶金機械廠，北京重型汽車廠等，自卸車的技術(shù)通過多渠道進行宣傳和交流，如建立技術(shù)和商務(wù)相結(jié)合的合資企業(yè)。姆特公司消化和吸收引進的技術(shù)，使我國已經(jīng)能夠生產(chǎn)多種裝載質(zhì)量的自卸車，如 154噸， 108噸， 85噸， 77噸， 65噸， 50噸， 40（ 41 51） 噸， 32（ 31 35） 噸， 27噸和 20 噸，其中，年產(chǎn)量20噸和以上的，大約有 4500個公司左右。 現(xiàn)在，在礦山，電力站，鐵路等國內(nèi)建設(shè)服務(wù)項目中，大約有 11000個礦用卸車的公司，其中約 45000家公司做整車制造。主要包括裝載能力為 20噸， 27噸， 45噸和少量的 77， 85， 108和 154噸等不同噸位的自卸車。 批次生產(chǎn) BJZ3364， 是基于在國外仍處于國際水平從 20世紀(jì) 70年代末到 80年代初的條款的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和具體技術(shù)自主設(shè)計的的。 BJZ 3480自卸車從英國Aveling Bedford 引進的，并對參照了 030卡車模型，在 20世紀(jì) 80年代處于國際一級的。 3307和 3311是 包頭北車制造有限公司制造的，公司是中美英合資企業(yè)，總部設(shè)在包頭，特雷克斯系列產(chǎn)品的比例約為 64，關(guān)鍵總成及零部件兩種模式在國內(nèi)和世界都處于先進。然而，與國外相比，國產(chǎn)科幻 3103和 SF 31 50模型 100噸級電動輪椅采礦自卸卡車的質(zhì)量仍然較差，他們的產(chǎn)量非常小。 2簡介 礦用自卸車主要用于各種礦區(qū)和工程工地。因為其工作條件差，水平低的道路，也頻繁起動，制動和轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)、重載、外部荷載比較復(fù)雜。目前，設(shè)計者給予更多的關(guān)注使強度和剛度的自卸卡車及其部件，以滿足各種要求，很少考慮他們的空氣動力特性和空氣動力學(xué)設(shè) 計。據(jù)報道，大約有 9000礦用自卸車在中國，一般負荷，其中超過 10噸，以及燃料的消耗和污染排放量增加了。基于能源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護要求，有必要改進燃油經(jīng)濟性的自卸卡車，減少其空氣阻力。 礦用自卸車以其生產(chǎn)效率高、運營成本低而成為大型礦山的理想運輸工具，其大型化是一個重要的發(fā)展趨勢。目前，國外主要生產(chǎn)廠家的產(chǎn)品規(guī)格都已達到 360噸，而國內(nèi)還沒有自主開發(fā)出噸位超過 200噸的自卸車。由于重量大、行駛速度高，加之礦山地區(qū)的彎道、坡路較多，礦用自卸車必須具有可靠、靈活的舉 升 、轉(zhuǎn)向和制動性能。液壓系統(tǒng)作為礦用自卸車 的轉(zhuǎn)向、舉升、制動控制系統(tǒng)，它的性能優(yōu)劣將嚴重影響整車的安全性能和生產(chǎn)效率。國外自卸車多采用專用元件，而國內(nèi)相關(guān)研究較少。 3主要制造商的礦用自卸車 北京重型汽車廠，有 1800名員工，是一個可以生產(chǎn)裝載能力為 20噸和 27噸的礦用自卸車的企業(yè)。 BJZ 3364礦用自卸車是它的在國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先的產(chǎn)品，考慮的大部分份額在國內(nèi)市場