離合器如何工作外文文獻翻譯@中英文翻譯@外文翻譯

1 附 錄 How Does the Clutch Work The clutch is a device to engage and disengage power from the engine, allowing the vehicle to stop and start. A pressure plate or “driving member” is bolted to the engine flywheel, and a clutch plate or “driven member” is located between the flywheel and the pressure plate. The clutch plate is spline to the shaft extending from the transmission to the flywheel, commonly called a clutch shaft or input shaft. When the clutch and pressure plates are locked together by friction, the clutch shaft rotates with the engine crankshaft. Power is transferred from the engine to the transmission, where it is routed through different gear rations to obtain the best speed and power to start and keep the vehicle moving. The flywheel is located at the rear of the engine and is bolted to the crankshaft. It helps absorb power impulses, resulting in a smoothly-idling engine and provides momentum to carry the engine through its operating cycle. The rear surface of the flywheel is machined flat and the clutch components are attached to it. The driving member is commonly called the pressure plate. It is bolted to the engine flywheel and its main purpose is to exert pressure against the clutch plate, holding the plate tight against the flywheel and allowing the power to flow from the engine to the transmission. It must also be capable of interrupting the power flow by releasing the pressure on the clutch plate. This allows the clutch plate to stop rotating while the flywheel and pressure plate continues to rotate. The pressure plate consist of a heavy metal plate, coil springs or diaphragm spring, release levers (fingers), and a cover. When coil springs are used, they are evenly spaced around the metal plate and located between the plate and the metal cover. This places an even pressure against the plate, which in turn presses the clutch plate tight against the flywheel. The cover is bolted tightly to the flywheel and the metal pate is movable, due to internal linkages. The coil springs are arranged to exert direct or indirect tension on the metal plate, depending upon the manufacturers design. Three release levers (fingers), evenly spaced around the cover, are used on most pressure plates to release the holding pressure of the springs on the clutch plate, allowing it to disengage the power flow. When a diaphragm spring is used instead of coil springs, the internal linkage is necessarily different to provide an “over-center” action to release the clutch plate from the flywheel. Its operation can be compared to the operation of an oilcan. When depressing the slightly curved metal on the bottom of the oilcan, it goes over-center and gives out a loud “clicking” noise； when released, the noise is again heard as the metal returns to its original 2 position. A click is not heard in the clutch operation, but the action of the diaphragm spring is the same as the oilcan. The clutch plate or driven member consists of a round metal plate attached to a splined hub. The outer portion of the round plate is covered with a friction material of molded or woven asbestos and is riveted or bonded to the plate. The thickness of the clutch plate and /or facings may be warped to give a softer clutch engagement. Coil springs are often installed in the hub to help provide a cushion against the twisting force of engagement. The splined hub is mated to (and turns) a splined transmission shaft when the clutch is engaged. The release (throw out) bearing is usually a ball bearing unit, mounted on a sleeve, and attached to the release or throw out lever. Its purpose is to apply pressure to the diaphragm spring or release levers in the pressure plate. When the clutch pedal is depressed, the pressure of the release bearing or lever actuates the internal linkages of the pressure plate, releasing the clutch plate and interrupting the power flow. The release bearing is not in constant contract with the pressure plate. A linkage adjustment clearance should be maintained. The clutch pedal provides mechanical means for the driver to control the engagement and disengagement of the clutch. The pedal is connected mechanically to either a cable or rods, which are directly connected to the release bearing lever. When the clutch pedal is depressed, the linkage moves the release bearing lever. The release lever is attached at the opposite end to a release bearing which straddles the transmission clutch shaft, and presses inward on the pressure plate gingers or the diaphragm spring. This inward pressure acts upon the fingers and internal linkage of the pressure plate and allows the clutch plate to move away from the flywheel, interrupting the flow of power. While the clutch pedal is depressed and the power flow interrupted, the transmission can be shifted in to any gear. The clutch pedal is slowly released to gradually move the clutch pate toward the flywheels under pressure of the pressure plate springs. The friction between the clutch plate and flywheel becomes greater as the pedal is released and the engine speed increased. Once the vehicle is moving, the need for clutch slippage is lessened, and the clutch pedal can be fully released. Coordination between the clutch pedal and accelerator is important to avoid engine stalling, shock to the driveline components and excessive clutch slippage and overheating. 3 離合器如何工作 離合器是傳遞和分離發(fā)動機動力的裝置，實現(xiàn)車輛的停車和啟動。 壓盤也就是主動部分，用螺栓連接到發(fā)動機飛輪上，從動盤也就是從動部分，位于飛輪和壓盤之間。從動盤花鍵連接到變速器與飛輪之間的軸上，這段軸一般稱作離合器軸或者變速器輸入軸。當(dāng)離合器主動部分和壓盤被摩擦力鎖定到一起時，離合器軸與發(fā)動機曲軸一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。動力從發(fā)動機傳出，傳到變速器上，在這里動力通過不同的齒輪傳動比獲得起車或繼續(xù)前行的最佳速度和動力。 飛輪位于發(fā)動機的邊上，并用螺栓連接到曲軸上。它有助于吸收發(fā)動機的動力沖量，保證發(fā)動機平穩(wěn) 旋轉(zhuǎn)，并在運轉(zhuǎn)循環(huán)過程中提供動量帶動發(fā)動機。飛輪的背面加工成平面，離合器組件結(jié)合在上邊。 離合器主動件通常被稱作壓盤。它螺栓連接到發(fā)動機飛輪上，主要目的是在離合器片上施加壓力，使離合器片緊緊接觸在飛輪上，以保證動力從發(fā)動機傳送到變速器，離合器片上的壓力撤銷時，離合器需能夠切斷動力的傳輸。這就意味著在飛輪和壓盤保持旋轉(zhuǎn)的時候，離合器片卻能停止轉(zhuǎn)動。 主動部分由一個較重的金屬，螺旋彈簧或者膜片彈簧，分離杠桿（分離指）和離合器蓋組成。 當(dāng)使用螺旋彈簧時，彈簧位于壓盤與金屬殼之間，均勻的分布在金屬壓盤周圍。這就給壓 盤提供了一個均勻的壓緊力，壓盤又將離合器片緊緊地壓緊在飛輪上。離合器殼用螺栓緊緊地連接在飛輪上，由于內(nèi)在的連接，壓盤可以軸向移動。均勻分布的螺旋彈簧給壓盤提供直接過間接地壓力，這取決于生產(chǎn)廠家的設(shè)計。大部分離合器壓盤有三個均勻分布在離合器殼周圍的分離杠桿（分離指），分離杠桿用來解除彈簧施加在離合器片上的壓緊力，從而切斷動力的傳輸。 當(dāng)用膜片彈簧代替螺旋彈簧時，內(nèi)部連接是截然不同的，它提供一個通過中心的動作來時離合器片與飛輪分離。它的運作可以比喻成油罐的動作。當(dāng)壓下罐子底部的輕微彎曲金屬時，金屬就彈到 中心的另一側(cè)，并且發(fā)出很大的聲音，當(dāng)放松時，金屬恢復(fù)到最初的位置，同樣伴隨著很大的聲音。在離合器運作時，并聽不到敲擊的聲音，但膜片彈簧的動作和油罐的