試題答案（四）.doc

2004年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)預(yù)測(cè)試題答案（四）Section I Listening Comprehension答案：Part A1. Italian 2. 22 3. Physics 4. London 5. ReputationPart B6.sunshade / something against sunshine 7. Honor and authority 8. (The) ancient Romans 9.in Italy 10.history and usePart C11.B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.D聽力原文。Part AW: Come in, Mr. Gillian. My name is Henderson. How do you do?M: How do you do?W: Please sit down. I hope you had no problems getting here?M: No, it was very easy.W: Good. Now Id like to check a few details. Youre twenty-one, arent you?M: Actually Im twenty-two.W: And when did you leave school?M: When I was 18.W: What have you been doing since then?M: I have been studying physics the University of Genoa.W: Thats a useful subject for piles. Tell me, what are your reasons for wanting to be a pilot?M: I see. Well, I hope you enjoy the course. Your English is very good. Did you learn proficiency school?W: Yes, I did. But I have also studied English in London, and last year I passed the proficiency examination.M: Oh, that explains it. Do you have any questions?W: When will we start flying?M: Not immediately, Im afraid. You have to start with training on the ground.Part BTo us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun!Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times.Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century BC.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.During the middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England.By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colors.Part CPassage oneM: OK. Now I know that all of you are wondering about all the different clubs and societies we have here, so Ive asked some of the society presidents to say a few words about their clubs. First, um yes Kate, would you like to start?M: Uh, yes, thanks, Tim. Right. Well, Id like to tell you something about the video club. Its one of the most popular clubs in the college. We have about 80 members at the moment. The club is one of the oldest in the college, in fact it began in 1981, Ive been a member for two years and Ive been the President since January. Um, we do three things really; our main job is to rent films on video and show these in the Student Common Room, thats on Tuesday and Friday evenings at eight oclock. Then we also make our own video films. Weve got two or table cameras, two studio cameras, an editing suite and a TV studio, so we can achieve quite professional results. And, in addition, we make a short magazine-type program each week. Its about ten minutes long and we show it just before the films on Tuesday and Friday evening. Just very simple things: College sports results, um, any college news, things like that. Of course, membership of the club is completely free, and our members can use all the equipment as often as they like to make their own films. But you do have to pay for the video tape! So lastly, if anyone is interested in joining, please come and see me in the studio any time this week.M: OK. Thanks, Kate. Now, uh, Steve, could you say something about the football club? Passage twoDo you often eat carrots? Carrots are one of the most popular vegetables in the Unite States.Although carrots are orange now, the original carrots were purple. Yellow and orange carrots did not appear until the 16th century. They quickly replaced the older purple carrots because purple carrots turned an unpleasant color after being cooked.Carrots were valued by the ancient Greeks and Romans as something that could treat diseases. Today doctors encourage people to eat more carrots. They say a single carrot contains. If you eat too many carrots, your skin can turn yellow: this condition is physically harmless, although it is visually startling. 17th century Dutch farmers were aware of this property of carrots. They fed carrots to their cattle to produce rich and yellow-colored milk. Housewives borrowed this trick and added carrot juice to the cream to turn their butter yellow.Although it may seem strange, carrots used to be eaten mainly as desserts such as in pies and puddings because of their high sugar content. The English even made carrot jam wine. Today carrot cake remains a favorite dessert for many people.Passage Three W: Ladies and gentlemen, and children, of course. This is your cabin stewardess, Jane. Our in-flight film will be starting in ten minutes time, and today were showing a love story, Certificate Fifteen. It lasts a hundred and eighteen minutes, but more important, it stars Mary Morgan and Peter OMoore. And its good family entertainment. If you do want to watch theres just a small charge we have to make, unfortunately. Well come round with the headphones, so please have money ready. In dollars itll be five dollars, in sterling, two fifty, or 30 francs if you prefer that. Naturally we also take marks, and thatll be nine marks fifty.Just a few words about the film. Its a humorous love story with plenty of action. Theres a bank robbery and a very exciting chase by helicopter. And theres some lovely scenery in the mountains, and some very good in Paris and London. And some of the scenes were shot in our airline headquarters in New York. Now, while I come round with the headphones, Ill hand you over to John wholl tell you about the duty free bargains from our shop.M: Hello, ladies and gentlemen .If you dont want to watch the film, the bar is open on the deck below. Or, if you press the buzzer, one of us. Ann or myself will be along to take an order. And as Jane said, theres our duty-free shop which is full of super bargains. Youll find a list in front of you-we mentioned it when you first came aboard-and if you want to order something, well bring it to your seat. Thats how the store works. Well, ladies and gentlemen, thats about it, and while were waiting to start, Ill play you some background music from the film.Section Use of English21. 答案: C解析:在四個(gè)備選答案中選項(xiàng)（C）blueprints意為藍(lán)圖，行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，此處與plans并列連用，符合句子意思。故應(yīng)選（C）。22. 答案:A解析: 給街道編號(hào)邏輯上為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，選項(xiàng)（A）street-numbering是正確答案。23. 答案:A解析: 本處空格后有介詞of，前面有定冠詞the。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，空格處所缺少的應(yīng)是名詞，因此，選項(xiàng)（C）complete應(yīng)被排除。從語(yǔ)義上看，選項(xiàng)（A）（B）和（D）都可以表示全部，整個(gè)，整體的概念，但all表示引申意義時(shí)用作代詞，前面不能再有定冠詞。用作名詞時(shí)，all通常應(yīng)與物主代詞連用，意為所有的一切，因此，選項(xiàng)（B）也應(yīng)被排除。選項(xiàng)（A）whole用作名詞表示全部，整個(gè)的意思時(shí)，通常用the whole of來(lái)表示，指某個(gè)物體毫無(wú)遺漏的總量，強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有哪一部分被縮減或受損失；選項(xiàng)（D）entire強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有哪一點(diǎn)被省略出去，也不能有任何增添的完整無(wú)缺或完美無(wú)瑕，相比之下可以看出，選項(xiàng)（A）whole為正確答案。24. 答案:D解析: 由于空格前后都是street這個(gè)名詞，從語(yǔ)感上就可斷定，應(yīng)填入的詞是個(gè)有一個(gè)一個(gè)地，逐一地等含義的介詞，所以，選項(xiàng)（D）by是正確答案。25. 答案:C解析: in the same way 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為同樣地，使用時(shí)可以用much來(lái)修理飾the same, 組成 in much the same way 這一較為固定的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)。所以，本題的正確答案為選項(xiàng)（C） much。26. 答案:A解析: 題中空白處需要一個(gè)能與介詞搭配使用的不及物動(dòng)詞。所給的四個(gè)備選答案中，選項(xiàng)（A）despairs意為絕望，喪失信心，與介詞of連用后可帶賓詞。選項(xiàng)（B）despite鄙視，看不起這與上下文意思較遠(yuǎn)故（B）應(yīng)首先排除。選項(xiàng)（C）dismays是及物動(dòng)詞，意為使灰心，使沮喪，使驚愕。也用作及物動(dòng)詞。相比之下，選項(xiàng)（A）despairs在結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義上都符合要求。故選（A）。27. 答案:D解析: 上文說(shuō)到，大多數(shù)的大城市都是在毫無(wú)規(guī)劃的情況下建立起來(lái)的。本節(jié)則轉(zhuǎn)而談及與此相反的方面，故此，本處應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞。從所給的上個(gè)備選答案上看，只有（D）項(xiàng)however符合這一要求。因此，應(yīng)選（D）。28. 答案:B解析: 本處空格后的scratch與介詞from搭配，意為從頭做起，從零開始，白手起家。故（B）from符合題意。29. 答案:D解析: 從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，本處空格后是一個(gè)意義完整的從句，用作形容詞concerned的賓語(yǔ)，因此，空格上所缺少的詞應(yīng)是選項(xiàng)（D）關(guān)系代詞that。30. 答案:C解析: 顯然，引處需要一個(gè)能修飾形容詞beautiful的副詞。所給的四個(gè)備選答案中保有選項(xiàng)（C）breathtakingly 符合這一要求，故應(yīng)選（C）。31. 答案:A解析: 從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，此處需要一個(gè)名詞。本題所給的四個(gè)備選答案中，選項(xiàng)（A）interior用作名詞時(shí)意為內(nèi)部，內(nèi)地；選項(xiàng)（B）inside用作名詞時(shí)電為內(nèi)部，內(nèi)面；選項(xiàng)（C）inner用作句詞時(shí)意為內(nèi)部，里面，指比與外界相接的內(nèi)部更靠?jī)?nèi)部；選項(xiàng)（D） internals內(nèi)部器官離上下文較遠(yuǎn)應(yīng)首先排除。從語(yǔ)義上下文看，選項(xiàng)（A）、（B）、（C）都是同義詞，但表示一個(gè)國(guó)家內(nèi)部或內(nèi)地的概念時(shí)，一般要用interior,所以，選項(xiàng)（A）是本題的正確答案。32. 答案:D解析: 選項(xiàng)（A）wild意為荒原，荒野，曠野，示開發(fā)的地方，指人煙稀少、大量野獸出沒、長(zhǎng)滿各種植物的自然區(qū)域；選項(xiàng)（B）wildness 是由wild派生出的不可數(shù)名詞；選項(xiàng)（C）wider是形容詞wild的比較級(jí)；選項(xiàng)（D）wilderness意為荒地，荒野，荒蕪的地方，指很少有生存物、未開墾的地方。從以上語(yǔ)義分析，選項(xiàng)（D）wilderness是正確答案。33. 答案:B解析:用作副詞時(shí)high與highly是近義詞。high既可修飾具體的物質(zhì)，也可以說(shuō)明抽義詞。high既可修飾具體的物質(zhì)，也可以說(shuō)明抽象的事物；highly常用于引申意義，表示非常，高度地等意義。此處用于具體概念，因此，正確答案應(yīng)從（B）項(xiàng)和（D）項(xiàng)中選擇。在英語(yǔ)中，high-risen用作形容詞或名詞，意為高層的常用來(lái)描述建筑物，因此，它沒有high-risen這一過(guò)去分詞形式，所以，選項(xiàng)（B）是符合題意的正確答案。34. 答案:B解析:從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，空白處應(yīng)填入一副詞。選項(xiàng)（A）undeniable是形容詞，意為不可否認(rèn)的，不能爭(zhēng)辯的，明顯的；選項(xiàng)（B）undeniably不可否認(rèn)的，不能爭(zhēng)辯的，明顯的；選項(xiàng)（C）undauntedly意為大無(wú)畏地，勇敢地，不屈地；選項(xiàng)（D）undecidedly意為遲疑不決地，拿不準(zhǔn)地。從語(yǔ)義上看，只有選項(xiàng)（B） undeniably才符合句子意思。35. 答案:D解析: 本題所給的四個(gè)備選答案中， (A) 項(xiàng)group意為組，群，集團(tuán)； (B) 項(xiàng) crowd意為人群，一伙，觀眾，大量；(C) 項(xiàng) patch意為補(bǔ)丁，小塊土地，眼罩，斑點(diǎn)，碎片； (D) 項(xiàng) collection意為收集，貯存，積聚。從上下文意思和各個(gè)備選答案的語(yǔ)義上看，正確答案應(yīng)是(D)項(xiàng) collection。36. 答案:A解析: 本題所給的四個(gè)備選答案中能與opportunity搭配的介詞只有選項(xiàng)（A）at。37. 答案:B解析: 從空格后的like home to them可以判定，此處的正確答案應(yīng)是選項(xiàng)（B）feel。38. 答案:C解析: 本題所給的四備選答案中，選項(xiàng) (A) waterway是名詞，意為水路，航道；選項(xiàng) (B) riverbank是名詞，意為河岸；選項(xiàng)(C) waterfront意為水邊的，常用作定語(yǔ)；選項(xiàng) (D) sea beach是名詞，意為海灘。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，此處需要一個(gè)形容詞，用來(lái)修飾town。相比之下可以看出，選項(xiàng)（C）waterfront在結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義上都符合要求。39. 答案:D解析:本處空格前后都是名詞row，意為排，行。英語(yǔ)中可以用upon將此二詞連在一起，組成row upon row結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一排排地，一行行地的意思。因此選項(xiàng)（D）upon是正確答案。40. 答案:D解析:顯然，本句中描述的是grass和trees長(zhǎng)在樓房與樓房之間，因此正確答案是選項(xiàng)（D）between 。Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A41答案:D 解析:本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。 第一段說(shuō)Washington reporters depend so heavily on it. .其中it是指要段最后一句中的the interview。42答案:C 解析:本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。 第三段說(shuō)In Washington, politicians and diplomats confidences were regarded as inviolate., 由此可知，從未有記者直接引用過(guò)林肯的談話是因?yàn)檎渭液屯饨坏拿孛茉谌A盛頓被認(rèn)為是不可侵犯的。43答案:B解析:本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。從第四段的.but it is less important to identify an individual inventor than to recognize that a practice largely unknown as late as 1860 was familiar, and controversial, a decade later.可知，更重要的是認(rèn)識(shí)到采訪這一做法直到1860年還不為廣大民眾所知曉，而在10年之的竟流行了起來(lái)，而且頗多爭(zhēng)議，即認(rèn)識(shí)到采訪的發(fā)展和影響，B選項(xiàng)與其意思一致。44答案:B解析:本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題。第四段中說(shuō)E. L. God kin, editor of the Nation, attacked it as the joint production of some humbug of a politician and another humbug of newspaper reporter.由此可知，歌德金認(rèn)為采訪這種新型的報(bào)道形式全是些騙人的鬼話。45答案:D解析:本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題。從最后一段的Thompson Cooper, supposedly the first reporter anywhere to interview the pope, was lionized by his editors.和后面引用的編輯的話語(yǔ)中可得知，編輯對(duì)湯普森庫(kù)博的采訪表示贊賞。46答案:D解析:本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。由第一段可知，英國(guó)政府上月完成了電子政務(wù)計(jì)劃的重要一步，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在網(wǎng)上處理一些事務(wù)。 47答案:B解析:本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。第一段中說(shuō).will demonstrate the British system to 400 government officials from 80 countries to show how citizens and businesses can interact with government over the Internet,由此可知，80個(gè)國(guó)家的400外政府官員今天聚集在西雅圖是為了看比爾蓋茨向他們演示如何運(yùn)用英國(guó)新的聯(lián)機(jī)事務(wù)處理系統(tǒng)。B選項(xiàng)與此意思一致。48答案:D解析:本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。從第二段的. .Europe in general, and the UK in particular, is well ahead in implementing e-government initiatives.可知，英國(guó)在電子政務(wù)技術(shù)方面領(lǐng)先。49答案:A解析:本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題。第四段說(shuō)Two years ago, when the technology for successful integration did not exist, we would have walked away.，可見，正是由于集成技術(shù)的成熟發(fā)展，才使得聯(lián)機(jī)事務(wù)處理得以發(fā)展。50答案:A解析:本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題。最后一段說(shuō)Its astonishing how the friction has been wiped out by XML, 其中，the friction指的是前一句中說(shuō)的過(guò)去集成這些老化了的系統(tǒng)既費(fèi)事又費(fèi)錢。所以，A選項(xiàng)XML能輕易地集成老化的系統(tǒng)是正確答案。51. 答案:A解析:段落大意?？?。第一段講了很多關(guān)于鹽的問(wèn)題，但仍然歸結(jié)到遺傳因素上來(lái)。第二段和第三段段意則比較明顯。 52答案:D解析:結(jié)論常考。這里需要注意的是：不是食用鹽本身會(huì)導(dǎo)致高血壓，而是說(shuō)過(guò)量使用食鹽有可能導(dǎo)致高血壓。53答案:D解析:比較常考。見原文第二段，兩個(gè)例子的作用在于對(duì)比。 54. 答案:C解析:指代?？?。判斷這句中的they具體指代誰(shuí)，應(yīng)從上下文看。上一句表明這個(gè)they可能指the two strains,也可能指investigations，但下一句則排除了指investigations的可能性。55答案:A解析:可以用排除法先排除B)和D)：B)明顯錯(cuò)誤，D)文中并未涉及。C)可參見最后一段。56. 答案:C解析: 細(xì)節(jié)關(guān)系題。strip cartoons作為全文論述的中心事物，作者對(duì)它的評(píng)論早早地出現(xiàn)了文章中。第1段第3句Generally speaking 可以作為重要提示語(yǔ)，告訴讀者隨后的觀點(diǎn)是作鐘情同意的，致力表述的觀點(diǎn)，也是常常作為考點(diǎn)的重要信息。整句意思為一般地strip cartoons 既不陰險(xiǎn)也不刻薄。因此選項(xiàng)C的意思符合該句所暗示的態(tài)度。57. 答案:A解析:細(xì)節(jié)關(guān)系題。本題的答案隱藏在第1段長(zhǎng)達(dá)6行的最后一句話中。而household appliances是對(duì)washing machines, vacuum cleaners的概括，評(píng)述的結(jié)論是frequently seem to have a will of their own，此處作者用了personification擬人法，賦于了本無(wú)生命的household appliance于will，即一些家庭用具好像有自己的意志似的，也就是選項(xiàng)A)，作為行為舉止如同人一般。因此，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。58. 答案:C解析: 推理引申題。關(guān)鍵抓住題干中office或domestic這兩個(gè)中心詞，在文中尋找與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，文章第一段第一句告訴讀者：描寫辦公室工作和家庭生活的漫畫能使哪些工作辛苦的人們(經(jīng)常擠公交車上下班的人，家務(wù)纏身的主婦們，拿低薪的秘書職員們)以自嘲的方式尋求解脫。這就是為什么有routine jobs的人愛看這類漫畫的原因。正確答案為C。59. 答案:B解析: 細(xì)節(jié)關(guān)系題。關(guān)于政治漫畫political cartoons的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在文章的第3段。此后漫畫家的矛頭指向當(dāng)權(quán)者以及政府，并對(duì)他們進(jìn)行了冷嘲熱諷。末段第3句There wit mirrors the absurdities，prejudices and blunders in law and order and current affairs 中，their即是指political cartoons同時(shí)也暗指本題干中的political cartoons。所以B為正確答案。 60 答案:A解析: 推理引申題。本題并非考察文中的某個(gè)單詞，而是希望讀者根據(jù)對(duì)文中相關(guān)內(nèi)容的正確理解推導(dǎo)出符合作者態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣、邏輯的單詞填人空格中。根據(jù)文中第3段倒數(shù)第2句中be critical可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它與D項(xiàng)find fault with意思相近，都是批評(píng)、譴責(zé)的意思。所以正確答案為D項(xiàng)Part B參考譯文61. 參考譯文：相反，古特曼論證說(shuō)，為了理解諸 如保持文化傳統(tǒng)和發(fā)展和民族意識(shí)這些決定性成就是如何可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，人們必須考查黑奴家庭及其的親屬關(guān)系。他的這些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了人們的注意。62. 參考譯文：古特曼主要通過(guò)巧妙地利用任何歷史學(xué)家應(yīng)該收集利用的，多半是從種植園出生登記中取得的，可以用數(shù)字表示的材料來(lái)重建奴隸家庭結(jié)構(gòu)。63. 參考譯文：盡管古特曼承認(rèn)由于販賣奴隸而迫使夫妻分離的情況經(jīng)常發(fā)生，但是他證明：在販賣奴隸不經(jīng)常發(fā)生的種植園，黑奴是非常愿意堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)固的一夫一妻制的。64. 參考譯文：古特曼有說(shuō)服力地證明：黑人家庭的穩(wěn)固有利于黑人民間傳說(shuō)，音樂和宗教傳統(tǒng)等文化遺產(chǎn)的世代相傳，因而對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的保持是極端重要的，這是一種奴隸根據(jù)其在非洲的經(jīng)歷正在繼續(xù)塑造的文化遺產(chǎn)。65. 參考譯文：古特曼提