高考英語(yǔ) 作文寫(xiě)作技巧.doc

高考英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧高考中作文部分占25-30分，在試卷中占了很重要的一部分，也是容易得分甚至失分的一部分。按著高考評(píng)分要求，一篇英語(yǔ)作文的詞數(shù)為100左右，大約十個(gè)句子。其基本要求為，字跡清楚，內(nèi)容涵蓋全面，語(yǔ)句正確，連接流暢，這樣就能取得及格以上的分?jǐn)?shù)。如果能夠恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞使句與句、段與段連接緊密，做到通篇語(yǔ)言表達(dá)通暢；整篇文中句式有很好的變化，能夠使用恰當(dāng)?shù)膹?fù)合句式或較為復(fù)雜句式代替單一德?tīng)柡?jiǎn)單句，并表達(dá)恰當(dāng)使用得體，這樣考生就可以獲得優(yōu)秀的分?jǐn)?shù)。因此聯(lián)系寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文并不難。除了平時(shí)多積累語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，能夠靈活記憶一些優(yōu)美的語(yǔ)言句式，另外還要掌握英語(yǔ)作文的寫(xiě)作基本要求和技巧。寫(xiě)作基本要求：一漂亮的書(shū)寫(xiě)和文句合理布局可以令閱卷老師心情舒暢，更能助你作文得分更高一檔。書(shū)寫(xiě)要選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的黑色2b簽字筆，字跡書(shū)寫(xiě)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰，同時(shí)字跡書(shū)寫(xiě)還要輕重適當(dāng)，切不可寫(xiě)的過(guò)輕，字跡在電腦上顯示不清，讓閱卷老師費(fèi)神費(fèi)眼。更不可字跡潦草，書(shū)寫(xiě)不規(guī)范，造成單詞產(chǎn)生歧義。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，用筆在該詞上劃一直線，切不可亂涂亂改，造成試卷模糊一片，閱卷老師會(huì)看著心煩，那么考生的得分也會(huì)大打折扣。二在整篇作文的整體布局上也要講求整體方正，占位均勻，空間用留合理。根據(jù)字?jǐn)?shù)和篇章位置大小，書(shū)寫(xiě)的字跡要大小合適。整個(gè)書(shū)寫(xiě)空間既不能寫(xiě)的字跡過(guò)大，詞間距過(guò)寬，使整篇看上去過(guò)滿，過(guò)松過(guò)散。也不能書(shū)寫(xiě)的字跡過(guò)小，詞間距過(guò)窄，使整篇看上去過(guò)于集中擁擠，而且出現(xiàn)大部分空白。總之，書(shū)寫(xiě)是作文的臉面，是留給閱卷老師的印象，一篇書(shū)寫(xiě)清晰、工整，字體漂亮，整篇布局方正均勻的文章首先就會(huì)給老師留下一個(gè)很好的印象，令你的作文提升一檔。三正確的詞句語(yǔ)法能夠保證你的作文不被扣分。英語(yǔ)作文全篇共十個(gè)句子左右，每個(gè)句子大約十幾個(gè)詞?？忌趯?xiě)作中要盡量避免錯(cuò)詞，錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)法，甚至漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)。即使句子寫(xiě)的簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)，能夠表達(dá)要點(diǎn)，也不要出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，這樣就能保證作文得到及格分。四保證要求的詞數(shù)，切勿要點(diǎn)涵蓋不全，要求詞數(shù)不夠，表達(dá)內(nèi)容太少。根據(jù)高考作文的給分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即使整篇文章能夠表達(dá)一些意思，沒(méi)有什么錯(cuò)誤，也拿不到及格分?jǐn)?shù)。當(dāng)然也要避免內(nèi)容過(guò)繁，不和要點(diǎn)的句子過(guò)多，為了求復(fù)雜句式而不講究上下意思的連貫性和恰當(dāng)性，一味追求復(fù)雜也同樣會(huì)費(fèi)勁得不到高分的。英語(yǔ)作文的寫(xiě)作技巧：一認(rèn)真審題是寫(xiě)好作文的前提。近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)作文大都為看圖作文、表格信息作文或文字信息作文。體裁分為應(yīng)用文、說(shuō)明或議論文、記述文。應(yīng)用文主要是書(shū)信形式的文體，包括介紹性的內(nèi)容居多，多以給某某人寫(xiě)回信為主。同時(shí)也有申請(qǐng)函、邀請(qǐng)函、推薦信等。另外還有通知、海報(bào)甚至廣告式應(yīng)用文體。說(shuō)明和議論文體大都以給出具體說(shuō)明或議論的話題，甚至?xí)o出說(shuō)明的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)或正反幾個(gè)方面，另外一種開(kāi)放式作文就是看圖說(shuō)明圖上所表現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，借此發(fā)表自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。記敘文大都是以日記或短文記敘形式寫(xiě)出所見(jiàn)所聞所做或所發(fā)生的事情，出現(xiàn)的形式有看圖示或文字信息提示。不論出現(xiàn)的是哪一種體裁和題材，首先要認(rèn)真審題，弄清文章的體裁和題材，然后再根據(jù)體裁和題材確定文章的格式、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)等。如果審題不清，將這些弄錯(cuò)，那么整篇文章就算跑題，即使寫(xiě)的再好也得不到及格分?jǐn)?shù)。因此考生不要吝惜在審題上所花的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。1.日記都為第一人稱(chēng)，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)闡述一天發(fā)生的事件，但日記中的發(fā)表感想和闡述觀點(diǎn)則使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。2.信件多為第一人稱(chēng)，時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)信中所要寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容發(fā)生的時(shí)間而定。推薦或介紹性的信件為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。信中表達(dá)自己的計(jì)劃打算等用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。3.通知大都為一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示通知中要做或發(fā)生的事。人稱(chēng)第一二人稱(chēng)居多。4.說(shuō)明或議論文時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明自己或他人的觀點(diǎn)看法。5.看圖記敘文常用第三人稱(chēng)記敘事件中涉及到的人，用第一人稱(chēng)指目擊者，或題目中指明的所見(jiàn)所聞的人，時(shí)態(tài)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)敘述發(fā)生過(guò)的事。如果是看圖介紹或說(shuō)明文則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。二根據(jù)所給出的信息和要求確定文章要點(diǎn)。要點(diǎn)是一篇文章的關(guān)鍵，抓住要點(diǎn)文章才能寫(xiě)全面，才能保證不丟要點(diǎn)不扣分。確定要點(diǎn)時(shí)可以根據(jù)圖示和所給的信息提示，將要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)在草稿紙上，為寫(xiě)提綱做準(zhǔn)備。三根據(jù)要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)出提綱。提綱是文章的骨架，也是全部要點(diǎn)的體現(xiàn)，所以寫(xiě)提綱一定要根據(jù)確定的要點(diǎn)，將要點(diǎn)涵蓋全面。列提綱時(shí)可根據(jù)要點(diǎn)那內(nèi)容使用一些基本句式，但要保證句式正確。提綱的基本句式正確才能保證符合句式和復(fù)雜句式的合理轉(zhuǎn)換。四將提綱的簡(jiǎn)單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句或復(fù)雜句式。根據(jù)提綱的簡(jiǎn)單句式結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)確定轉(zhuǎn)換成哪一種復(fù)合句式或復(fù)雜句式更為正確，幾個(gè)提綱所變換的句式要求靈活有變化，同樣的句式盡量使用不同的句型，避免單調(diào)重復(fù)，甚至前后就不搭配。經(jīng)常使用的復(fù)合句式和復(fù)雜句式有：倒裝句、定語(yǔ)從句、分詞、名詞性從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式或一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的句式。倒裝句常使用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：1.never,neither,seldom,hardly等否定詞前置,如：never have i seen so wonderful a film before. hardly can he recognize me. 2.there或介詞短語(yǔ)表示處所前置，如： there is hanging a clock on the wall. on the wall is hanging a clock. on top of the mountain stands a tower.in the middle of the town is running a small river. 3.out, off, away 等副詞前置，句子完全倒裝，如：down fell an apple from the tree.the door opened and in rushed the people.4.so+adj/adv such+adj+n 前置倒裝，如：so busy am i these days that i have no time to go to a film.5.only 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)（從句）前置倒裝，如：only when we grow up will we be able to realize the importance of knowledge.only by working hard can you succeed in the future.6.一些特殊倒裝式結(jié)構(gòu)，如：hardly had. done when., no sooner had.done.than.no sooner had we got home than the rain poured down.7.not only.but also.the student not only works hard, but he is also ready to help others.not only does the student work hard, but he is also ready to help others.定語(yǔ)從句常用語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)并列句，在作文中體現(xiàn)出句式的復(fù)雜和多變，如：1.i am going to beijing tomorrow. i will attend an important meeting.i am going to beijing tomorrow, in which/ where i will attend an important meeting.2.li ping is a promising painter. some of his paintings are often shown in beijing museum. li ping is a promising painter,some of whose paintings are often shown in beijing museum. 分詞常用來(lái)做狀語(yǔ)，替代狀語(yǔ)從句或定語(yǔ)從句，如：1.english is an official language in the world. english is used in some international meeting.english, used in some international meeting, is an official language.2.because i didnt receive your e-mail, i sent another one to you. not having receiving your e-mail, i sent another one to you.3.the teacher entered his office. his students are still studiying in the classroom. the teacher entered his office with his students still studiying in the classroom.名詞性從句常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)是it 用作形式主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和what 從句，如：to protect our envionment is very important.it is very important for us to protect our envionment.what is of great importance for us is to protect our environment.強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在作文中也是常用的復(fù)雜句式結(jié)構(gòu)，如： our teachers provide us with knowledge.it is our teachers who provide us with knowledge.另外，除了使用恰當(dāng)?shù)膹?fù)合高級(jí)句式以外，使用一些高級(jí)詞匯或短語(yǔ)同樣可以使作文增分。例如：meetingconference chanceopportunity importantsignificant finallyeventuallysotherefore in factas a mmatter of fact suddenllyall of sudden 五根據(jù)句式選擇合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以使文章語(yǔ)意相通，語(yǔ)氣連貫，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)流暢。因此文章避免豆腐帳式的羅列就必須使用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)。1.使用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)連詞或副詞 when, before,after, since, unntil, as soon as, lately, recentely, from now on, from then on,2.表示時(shí)間先后順序的常見(jiàn)連詞或副詞 firstly, secondly,thirdly, at last, eventually, finally, in the end, at first, in the beginning, above all , first of all, then, the next, 3.表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或副詞 and, at the same time, in the meanwhile, not only.but also, both.and., either.or, neither.nor, not.but 4.表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連詞或副詞 besides, whats more, in addition（to）, as well (as), apart from, moreover, furthermore, 5.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 but, yet, however, although,though, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, 6.表示對(duì)比關(guān)系 on one hand.on the other hand， the former.the latter, for one thing. for another, some. others., on the contrary, 7.表示舉例說(shuō)明 for example, for instance, such as, take.for an example 8.表示比較關(guān)系 more.than., as.as. , just like., just as., in the same way, similarly, equally,as if, as though 9.表示陳述事實(shí) in fact, in practice, as a matter of fact, in reality, actually, to tell you the truth, generally speaking,in general, honestly speaking10.表示總結(jié)概括 in a word,in short, in brief, in conclusion, in total, all in all, on the whole,11.表示因果關(guān)系 because of, as a result of, on account of, by reason of, for since, therefore, otherwise, so that 12.表示條件關(guān)系 if, even if, even though,on the condition, as long as, unless, or else13.發(fā)表個(gè)人觀點(diǎn) in my opinion, as far as i am concerned, in the point of my view, personally六 根據(jù)提綱寫(xiě)出開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。 除了能夠?qū)懞梦恼碌闹黧w內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)好文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾更為重要。因此考生有必要掌握一些常見(jiàn)文體的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾的常見(jiàn)句式和寫(xiě)法。高考中常見(jiàn)應(yīng)用文體的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾經(jīng)常會(huì)給出。但給出的大都是文體的固定格式句，或?qū)ξ恼聝?nèi)容的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的開(kāi)頭提示句，更充實(shí)的內(nèi)容需要考生寫(xiě)出。1. 信件：常見(jiàn)開(kāi)頭句i am writing to.i am very glad to hear from you. i received your letter, in which you said that.結(jié)尾all the best to you.i am looking forward to.自薦信 i am li ping, aged 21. i graduated from. i found in the newspaper that your company wanted a. 結(jié)尾 i am looking forward to hearing from you soon looking forward to your reply soon. 2.通知 口頭通知 may i have your attention please?( attention please.)i have an announcement t