河南省鄭州市高考英語一輪 短文改錯、書面表達(dá)訓(xùn)練（7）.doc

鄭州市 2014高考英語短文改錯、書面表達(dá)一輪訓(xùn)練（7）附參考范文短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤，對標(biāo)有題號的每一行作出判斷：如無錯誤，在該行右邊的橫線上劃一個（）；如有錯誤（每行只有一個錯誤）；則按下列情況改正：此行多一詞：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。此行缺一詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。此行錯一詞：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。this is a story told by my father: “when i was boy, 66. the most exciting thing was when to celebrate the spring 67. festivalmy grandma was the best cooker in the world 68. but could make the most delicious dishesone time, i just 69. couldnt wait for the spring festival dinneras i was70. about take a piece from a cooked duck, i saw grandma in 71. the kitchen looking at meshake her head, she said, it 72. isnt a good time to do that, dear at once i apologize73. and controlled me at my best till the dinner startedyou 74. know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month 75. 參考答案、66.boy前加a 67.去掉when 68.cooker改為cook 69.but改為and 70. 71.about后加to 72.shake改為shaking 73.apologize改為apologized 74.me改為myself 75.month改為months*結(jié)束高考英語書面表達(dá)講義：健康幸福話題作文例1： 根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇財富與快樂的短文。(1)一些人認(rèn)為財富能帶來快樂。(2)另一些人認(rèn)為錢多了不是一件好事。(3)提出自己的看法。注意：單詞數(shù)120個左右。wealth and happinesssome people think wealth can bring happiness to them. it is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. they work hard and overcome many difficulties. after doing this, they feel very happy and pleased. even their spending money is a kind of happiness。but some people believe wealth cant bring them happiness. for example, when one gets a fortune, the family members will come from different parts of the country and try to share the wealth with him. and afterwards, they will quarrel with one another, trying to share more. and sometimes even appear bloody fight and killing. what a terrible result!in my opinion, i think there is no doubt that wealth brings happiness, especially in the modern society. if you have money you can lead a comfortable and colorful life. but we should take a proper attitude towards wealth. remember： money is not everything。例2：最近，你班同學(xué)展開了一場討論，主題是：wealth & health。請你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，寫一篇100詞左右的文章，介紹一下你們討論的情況。一些人認(rèn)為財富更重要一些人認(rèn)為健康更重要1.沒有錢萬萬不行2. 想辦法多掙錢1. 健康是本錢2. 要愛惜身體個人看法：更看重健康。身體不好，錢再多也無濟(jì)于事。wealth & healthwhich is more important, wealth or health? different people have different opinions.some people prefer wealth, holding that money can not bring everything, but without it, one can do nothing. in order to accumulate more money they can do anything. however, other people regard health as more important. once health is lost, it is no use having a lot of money.as far as i am concerned, i love wealth, but i value health more. everybody wants to live a happy life. so they try their best to earn money which can ensure they lead a comfortable life, but if happiness and comfort are achieved at the cost of their health, how can they be happy? without health money becomes meaningless.in my opinion, no one agrees that a wealthy person without good health can be happy. so, just do our best to keep healthy.*結(jié)束 (8)(25 min.)請以“特殊的寒假作業(yè)”為題，描述下面這幅漫畫的內(nèi)容，并談?wù)勀愕目捶?。注意?詞數(shù)：不少于120；2參考詞匯： 作業(yè)n. assignment盆n. basin美德n. virtue _參考范文one possible version：a special assignment in the winter vacationone night xiao mings parents are watching tv when xiao ming comes in with a basin of water in his hands. his mother feels very puzzled, asking, “xiao ming, why are you staying here instead of doing your homework？” xiao ming smiles, saying, “ mother and father, i come here to wash the feet for you. this is one of our assignments in the winter vacation.”i think it is a good idea. respecting parents is one of the good virtues of the chinese people. but at present many pupils are onlychildren in their families. they are often spoiled and dont know how to care for others. by washing feet and pouring cups of tea for parents, children will learn to respect parents and care for others. in the future, they will certainly become useful persons with good manners. *結(jié)束一、短文改錯的解題基本思路1通讀全文，掌握大意首先，要認(rèn)真閱讀短文，把握全篇主旨，弄清上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，了解文章所創(chuàng)設(shè)的語言環(huán)境，為正確判斷創(chuàng)造條件。2整句理解，逐行找錯。在讀懂文章之后，要逐句逐行地找錯。分析每個句子中句法、語法、行文邏輯等方面是否有錯，要做到逐行分析，不可遺漏，句與句之間要注意連詞的用法。3由易到難，各個擊破改錯要從最簡單、最熟悉的項目入手，先從語法的角度入手，再從邏輯方面考慮，最后推敲難題。4檢查核對，規(guī)范改正最后瀏覽改后的全文，看全篇是否語義通順，注意正確行。 要特別注意規(guī)范改正錯誤, 嚴(yán)格按照示范規(guī)定符號和要求去改。切忌文字說明或用箭頭表示。二短文改錯的設(shè)題方式一錯詞：錯詞的情況歸納起來大致可分為虛詞選擇錯誤、實詞詞形錯誤、同(近)義詞、形似詞選擇錯誤等。1虛詞錯誤介詞錯誤。介詞錯誤主要集中在介詞的固定搭配、介詞多詞義的用法以及一些意義相近介詞、副詞和連詞的混用等。1.after five years away in my hometown，i find that the neighborhood which i used to live in has changed a lot.(09全國卷i)析：“從離開，遠(yuǎn)離”應(yīng)為短語 away from，不能與in搭配。應(yīng)將in改為from。 連詞錯誤主要表現(xiàn): 句與句之間的關(guān)系混淆，是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、承接、還是表原因；連詞與介詞、副詞的混用，一些連詞具有多重功能和詞性以及意義相近連詞的區(qū)別等。1.i meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and i was held up on my way back(09全國卷ii) 析：分析前后兩個句子可知，前面的句子與后面的句子存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)將 and 改為but。冠詞錯誤：冠詞的考查集中在：應(yīng)該使用定冠詞的地方使用了不定冠詞；應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞的地方卻使用了定冠詞；不定冠詞a與an的誤用等。1.three men were fishing when the angel appeared in the boat with them. （2009.四川卷）析：初次提到的人或物前應(yīng)該用不定冠詞，因此要將第一個the改為an。2實詞錯誤 名詞錯誤主要集中在：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，特別注意不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的混用；抽象名詞具體化；名詞的所有格等。1. i stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all right. （09全國卷ii）析：one and a half 后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能用單數(shù)。要將hour改為hours。 動詞錯誤主要有：不規(guī)則動詞的過去式、過去分詞形式錯誤；時態(tài)的不一致性；語態(tài)的錯用；非謂語動詞用法的選擇，特別是非謂語動詞作狀語、表語、定語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時是用過去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞；在 to 后是用不定式還是動名詞；以及在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中后面動詞的形式；謂語動詞時態(tài)形式的錯用；情態(tài)動詞和 will(would), shall (should) 等助動詞后面的動詞形式的誤用等。1.there exist now a park that has a small river running through. （09全國卷i）析：句子中的there exist相當(dāng)于there be形式，exist的形式跟后面的名詞a park保持一致，因此exist要用單三形式exists。 形容詞與副詞錯誤主要表現(xiàn)在：這兩類詞的混用；形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級、最高級的混用等。1.the sichuan restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school are gone. （09全國卷i）析：分析句子，句子中沒有比較對象，不能用比較級，要將older改為原形old。 引導(dǎo)詞錯誤：在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句的連接詞的錯誤運(yùn)用，特別是在定語從句中關(guān)系詞的錯誤運(yùn)用，賓語從句中連接詞的誤用等。1.one day i saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. i asked my father for the money. （09遼寧卷）析：非限制性定語從句的先行詞指物時只能用which不能用that，應(yīng)將that改為which。代詞錯誤。代詞考查主要集中在句子中代詞的一致性、人稱代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞的混用等。1.when i was in high school, most of my friends had bicycles. i hoped i could also have it. （2009.遼寧卷）析：根據(jù)句義后面句子中的it與前面句子中的bicycles是一類物，表示泛指。因此要將it改為one。思維定勢干擾錯誤。由于受漢語思維定勢影響，造成一些英語詞語的搭配錯誤。1.im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. （09海南、寧夏卷）析： anything意思是“任何事或任何物”，而everything表示“所有的東西或物”，很顯然句子強(qiáng)調(diào)在宿舍的所有事情，應(yīng)將anything改為everything。行文邏輯錯誤。高考短文改錯中，涉及短文主旨大意及邏輯關(guān)系的錯誤這類試題的隱蔽性較強(qiáng)，單獨(dú)看并沒有錯，但若放在整篇中則與全篇的意思不符。i stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl was all right.析：直接分析該句，沒有任何錯誤，但結(jié)合上下文可看出句子是在轉(zhuǎn)述過去發(fā)生的事情，不能用here，因此應(yīng)將here改為there。*結(jié)束高考英語作文精選范文-應(yīng)用文類7. 請以宿舍管理委員會的名義寫一份通知，2007年4月2日發(fā)出。內(nèi)容如下： 時間：4月5日晚上7點(diǎn)。 地點(diǎn)：3號樓103房間。 內(nèi)容：學(xué)生宿舍安全問題：安全用電、火災(zāi)應(yīng)變、防止失竊等。 參加人員：每間寢室一名同學(xué)。 要求：帶筆記本，按時到場，做好記錄，并傳達(dá)給室友。注意：1）通知的格式已經(jīng)為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)；2）詞數(shù)：100左右。參考詞匯：學(xué)生宿舍 dormitory，盜竊theft（n.）noticea meeting is going to be held in room 103 of building 3 at 7 on the evening of april 5. problems to be talked about at the meeting include the safety of the dormitories, proper use of electricity, what to do in case of fire, prevention of theft and so on. a member of each dormitory is required to be present. they should take notebooks with them and arrive on time. they should take notes carefully and after the meeting they are to inform their roommates of what is discussed and what measures will be taken. the dormitory committeeapril 2nd, 2007*結(jié)束高考英語作文精選范文-應(yīng)用文類8. 假如你叫李平，是一位成績優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，你班班主任在安排座位時，讓成績好的學(xué)生和成績差的學(xué)生作同桌，這在你們班成績優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生中引起了反響，團(tuán)活課上大家就此進(jìn)行了討論?，F(xiàn)在請你根據(jù)下表把討論結(jié)果向班主任寫一封信反映一下，并說出自己的觀點(diǎn)。贊同反對你的觀點(diǎn)1人人有長處和不足，成績差的學(xué)生也有可取之處；2相互學(xué)習(xí)，建立友誼；3通過幫助學(xué)習(xí)差的學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)從而使他們建立自信。1部分學(xué)習(xí)差的學(xué)生常常違反校規(guī)校紀(jì)，擔(dān)心自己會受影響，養(yǎng)成壞習(xí)慣。2老是問問題，使自己不能專心學(xué)習(xí)。？注意：1詞數(shù)：100120，短文的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 2短文需包括表中所有要點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，以使行文連貫。 3參考詞匯：成績差的學(xué)生：a slower studentdear mr. zhang,we have held a discussion about whether it is good or not for a top student to share a desk with a slower s