復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí).doc

復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（The Present Indefinite Tense）的測(cè)試 5 要點(diǎn)：1、表示不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在、科學(xué)真理、格言等。Water boils at 100 .Twice two is four .The earth goes around the sun .Pride goes before a fall . 驕者必?cái)　ne today is worth two tomorrows . 一個(gè)今天勝過(guò)兩個(gè)明天。Practice makes perfect . 熟能生巧。Japan lies to the east of China .Shanghai stands on the Huangpu River .England and France are separated by the English Channel .2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常地或者習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作，常與頻度狀語(yǔ) usually , often , sometimes , every morning , always , regularly 以及 at present , these days , nowadays , at the moment 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Mum doesnt drive as well as Dad . She stops too suddenly and turns quickly .Peter used to work in Geneva , but at present he works in London .The Hunts usually live in Scotland , but at the moment they live in the south .Being middle school students , you do homework every day .3、在口語(yǔ)中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)往往可和一個(gè)表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，表達(dá)一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這種動(dòng)詞是：go , come , fall , arrive , start , begin , meet , stay , take , place , happen 等。When do you start , Mr Green ?This train leaves at 10:00 .Miss Black comes next week . When do they leave for the countryside ? They start next Saturday .A：Is there any meeting today ?B：Yes . It begins at 2:30 in the afternoon .4、在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Please let me know when he comes back .I will go to see him if it is fine tomorrow .If he doesnt like it , nor / neither will I.5、在某些以 here , there 開(kāi)頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Here comes the bus ! 汽車(chē)來(lái)了！There goes the bell ! 鈴響了！ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（The Present Continuous Tense）的 7 個(gè)測(cè)試要點(diǎn)1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正發(fā)生的或者正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now , at the moment 等連用。It is raining hard now . Dont hurry .I am writing a letter . Will you please turn down the radio ?Watch out (當(dāng)心) ! Its falling .Look ! The clouds are gathering .Look at this picture of a busy railway station . A train is standing at one of the platforms ready to leave . Some of thepassengers are looking out of the windows watching the late-comers who are hurrying along looking for empty seats .We are busy at the moment . Im selling cigarettes . My father is selling some sweets .2、表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。可和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now , these days 等連用。She is studying law while her brother is studying medicine .Is my daughter working hard in the factory , Manager Wang ?How are you getting along / on with your studies ?I usually get up at eight , but Im getting up at six every day this week .3、表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We are going to Rome next week .Mr Black is leaving for Shanghai in a few days .Are you doing anything special tonight ?4、用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)將來(lái)正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ill telephone you this afternoon while Im waiting .Ill think about it while you are writing the report .When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .If you are standing at the corner when I pass , Ill give you a lift into town .5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和動(dòng)詞 hope , wonder 連用表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的口氣。I am hoping youll give me some advice .Im wondering if I may have a word with you .We are wondering if you have any suggestion .6、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與 always , continually , constantly 等副詞連用表示反復(fù)或者習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，含有說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種感情色彩，如贊揚(yáng)、遺憾、討厭、不滿(mǎn)等。He is always asking such easy questions .He is constantly leaving his books about .7、少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如jump , hit , kick , knock , drop 等瞬間動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)比動(dòng)作的重復(fù)或者即將發(fā)生。He is knocking at the door .The girls are jumping . 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的 6 個(gè)區(qū)別點(diǎn)區(qū)別點(diǎn)一：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)現(xiàn)在或者現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He studies hard .He is studying hard this term .My watch works perfectly . (經(jīng)常性)My watch is working perfectly . (短暫性) He lives in Beijing .He is living in Beijing .區(qū)別點(diǎn)二：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)往往帶有感情色彩，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)只是說(shuō)明事實(shí)。John does fine work at school . （說(shuō)明事實(shí)）John is doing fine at school . （表?yè)P(yáng)）Now I live in a very pleasant flat . （事實(shí)）Now I am living in a very pleasant flat . （滿(mǎn)意）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)感情色彩時(shí)常和always , forever , constantly 等連用。He is always thinking of how he could do more for the poor .She is always changing her clothes .區(qū)別點(diǎn)三：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示眼前看得見(jiàn)的動(dòng)作。Boats pass under the bridge .The boat is passing under the bridge .區(qū)別點(diǎn)四：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來(lái)表示永久的情況或者完成的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的暫時(shí)或臨時(shí)性動(dòng)作。My parents lives in Canada .Im staying with one of my classmates .區(qū)別點(diǎn)五：表示知覺(jué)、感覺(jué)、看法、感情、愿望的動(dòng)詞常不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：see , hear , smell , notice , taste , know , think , like , want , wish , have , fit , belong to 。The necklace belongs to Jenny .I hear you want to do business abroad .區(qū)別點(diǎn)六：表示問(wèn)候性的親切感多用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。How are you feeling today , Xiao Ming ? I hope you will be well soon .How are they getting along with their work ? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（The Present Perfect Tense）的 6 個(gè)測(cè)試要點(diǎn)1、不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)之前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而后果和影響至今存在。He has gone to Europe . You cant see him .Has he had his supper ?He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。He has been to Beijing .他去過(guò)北京。2、帶狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)。She has been ill for two weeks . I havent seenhim for many months .She has learnt a lot since she cameto No. 16 Middle School .3、在用 already , yet , before , just , ever , lately , recently 這類(lèi)副詞或者頻度副詞 often , sometimes , rarely , never , once , twice , three times 做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Have you ever listened to foreign music ?This is the second game . Theyve already won a game .He as well as I has seen the film before .We went to have a haircut once a month .4、特別注意由 since , for 引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的連用。since 后必須是確定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，而不能是一段時(shí)間。Ive known him since we were children .They havent visited us since 1998.由 for 引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，介詞 for 常被省去。Ive studied English (for)a long time .For months he hasnt gone to the movies .5、含下列狀語(yǔ)的句子常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用：ever since , in the past two weeks , in the last few years , until now , till now , up to now , up to the present , so far , for the last few months , over the last few weeks . during the last few centuries 。Up to now , everything has been successful .In the last 50 years China has made great advances in socialist revolution and socialist construction . 6、注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。如：marry , die , leave , start , join , end 等。但可以借助這些動(dòng)詞的形容詞或狀態(tài)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。He has been married to Joan for a year . = He married Joan a year ago .She has been a Party member for two weeks . = She joined the Party two weeks ago .= It is two weeks since she became a Party member . 一般過(guò)去時(shí)（The Past Indefinite Tense）的 4 個(gè)測(cè)試要點(diǎn)1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或者某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)。Last night we went to enjoy a good performance .I usually sleep indoors , but I slept outdoors last summer . How long have you been here ? Only about five minutes . Jane and Simon walked here with me .I cant find the dictionary . Someone put it on the top of the bookshelf .2、表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。通常同時(shí)間或者頻度狀語(yǔ)連用。He smoked a l