2012秋季口譯口試必備政治話題.doc

口譯口試必備政治話題 中日關(guān)系 關(guān)于侵華的歷史 強行征用慰安婦是日本軍國主義者在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)當中所犯下的嚴重罪行之一。這是歷史事實，我認為，日本政府應(yīng)該承認歷史事實，應(yīng)該負起責任，鄭重地、妥善地處理這一問題。歷史，我認為，應(yīng)該是一種強大的進步的力量，而不應(yīng)該成為拖后腿的包袱。真理往往是最樸素的，那么以史為鑒面向未來就是一種最樸質(zhì)最實在的解決問題的方法。今天是中日邦交正常化35周年，應(yīng)該把握中日關(guān)系這一重要發(fā)展機遇，處理好涉及兩國關(guān)系的政治基礎(chǔ)的原則問題，拓展和深化交流與合作，鞏固和壯大中日關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)化、改善和發(fā)展的勢頭。 It is one of the most grievous crimes committed by the Japanese militarists during the World War to acquire comfort women by force. This is the historical facts. I think, Japanese government should confess the facts and take the responsibility to deal with it seriously and properly. History, in my opinion, should give a strong impetus to the advancement instead of being a drag or burden. Truth is usually the simplest. Taking history as guidance and looking into the future is the simplest and most practical solution. Today is the 35th anniversary of Sino-Japanese normalization. We should take this important opportunity to develop Sino Japanese-relationship. We should take care of the principles related to the political basis between the two countries, expand and deepen the communication and cooperation, and confirm and strengthen the momentum of the transformation, improvement and development of Sino-Japanese relationship. 中日關(guān)系總體上保持了發(fā)展的勢頭，我們支持日本走和平發(fā)展的道路，我們主張以史為鑒，著眼未來，妥善處理存在的問題與分歧，使兩國睦鄰友好合作關(guān)系取得新的發(fā)展。 Development in Sino-Japanese relations has on the whole maintained a good progressive momentum. We support Japan in taking the road to development throng peace. We maintain that it is necessary to draw lessons from history, set our eyes on the future and properly handle the existing problems and disagreements so as to make new improvements in the friendly relationship and good neighborly cooperation between the two countries. 關(guān)于購島引起的爭端 日本政府不顧中方反復(fù)嚴正交涉，宣布“購買”釣魚島及其附屬的南小島和北小島，對這些島嶼實施“國有化”。日本政府的這一行徑是對中國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的嚴重侵犯，中國政府和人民對此表示堅決反對和強烈憤慨。 Regardless of the repeated serious representations made by the Chinese side, the Japanese government announced the purchase of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated Nanxiao Dao and Beixiao Dao and the nationalization of these islands. What the Japanese government did constitutes a gross violation of Chinas territorial sovereignty. The Chinese government and people have expressed firm opposition to and strong indignation over this action. 過去20年，日本經(jīng)濟一直低迷，加上受到國際金融危機和去年“311”大地震的巨大沖擊，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展前景很不樂觀。國內(nèi)黨派斗爭激烈，政府更迭頻繁，充滿不穩(wěn)定和不確定性。日本經(jīng)常有政客跳出來公開否認侵略歷史，否認南京大屠殺、慰安婦等戰(zhàn)爭暴行，說明這股勢力能量越來越大，已經(jīng)影響到日本的政壇風(fēng)向和政局走向。周邊和國際上不少人都已經(jīng)發(fā)出警示，日本正在走向“極右翼主義”。日本當局不僅不對右翼勢力這股禍水嚴加管束，反而姑息縱容，甚至將其當作“擋箭牌”，用來對周邊鄰國進行挑釁，力圖對外轉(zhuǎn)移視線和矛盾，已造成日本與鄰國之間關(guān)系普遍緊張。與此同時，日本政府還積極謀求修改和平憲法和無核三原則等，企圖擺脫戰(zhàn)后國際秩序的束縛。這些動向十分危險，值得警惕。 Japans economy has been in the doldrums over the past two decades. Hit hard by the international financial crisis and last years devastating earthquake on March 11, Japan can hardly afford to be optimistic about its economic outlook. Instability and uncertainties abound in the Japanese politics as a result of ferocious political infighting and frequent change of government. Some Japanese politicians would very often come out to publicly deny the history of Japanese aggression, the Nanjing Massacre, comfort women and other wartime atrocities. This show the right-wing forces have become so energetic and assertive that they are already affecting the climate and future course of Japanese politics. Japans neighbors and the international community have already warned that Japan is moving towards ultra-rightism. Rather than keeping a lid on the trouble-making right-wing forces, the Japanese authorities have chosen to appease and give a free rein to them. The Japanese authorities have even used these forces as a shield to make provocations on neighboring countries in order to shift the attention of its domestic public to somewhere else. This has strained Japans ties with almost all of its neighbors. At the same time, the Japanese government is quite active in trying to revise its peace constitution and the Three Non-Nuclear Principles in an attempt to get out of the bounds of the post-war order. These are highly dangerous developments that should put us on the alert. 造成中日關(guān)系今天局面的責任完全在日方，中日關(guān)系今后向何處去也將取決于日方。在中日邦交正?；詠淼?0年里，中方始終以中日關(guān)系大局為重，妥善處理雙方矛盾和分歧。但中日關(guān)系的發(fā)展不能只靠中國單方面的努力，日方必須立即停止一切損害中國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的行動，盡快回到雙方達成的共識和諒解上來，盡快回到談判解決爭議的軌道上來。中方?jīng)Q不會承認日方對釣魚島的非法侵占和所謂“實際控制”，決不會容忍日方對釣魚島采取的任何單方面行動。中國政府和人民捍衛(wèi)國家領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的意志和決心是堅定的，是任何力量也無法動搖的！ Japanese side that the responsibility for the current state of China-Japan relations rests fully with the Japanese side and the ball is in its court as to where our relations are heading in the future. Over the past 40 years since the normalization of China-Japan relations, China has always upheld the larger interest of bilateral ties and appropriately addressed problems and differences between the two countries. But China-Japan relations cannot grow only on Chinese effort alone. Japan must immediately stop all actions that harm Chinas territorial sovereignty and return as quickly as possible to the common understanding reached between the two sides and to the track of settling disputes through negotiations. China will in no way recognize Japans illegal occupation of and the so-called actual control over Diaoyu Dao. Nor will we tolerate any unilateral Japanese action on Diaoyu Dao. The will and resolve of the Chinese government and people to uphold Chinas territorial sovereignty are firm and will not be shaken by any force. 中國國際地位在日新月異地提升，中華民族任人欺凌的時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。我們要保持團結(jié)。近代史上，中國之所以飽受日本侵害，就是因為當時國家四分五裂，一盤散沙。今天的中國已遠非昔日可比，只要我們?nèi)f眾一心，眾志成城，就沒有誰能在我們頭上撒野，就沒有任何外來挑釁能夠得逞。我們要努力奮斗，把我們自己的事情辦得更好，把祖國建設(shè)得更加強大。這是我們維護國家主權(quán)、挫敗任何外來侵犯的堅實基礎(chǔ)。 In face of the latest developments of the situation surrounding Diaoyu Dao, we should enhance confidence. We should note that our motherland is growing more prosperous and stronger by the day. Chinas international status is rising fast. Gone are the days when the Chinese nation was bullied by others at will. We should maintain unity. China had untold sufferings from the Japanese aggression in modern history, because our country was then as disunited as a heap of loose sand. But there is a world of difference in todays China. As long as we pull together and act in unison, nobody can ride roughshod over China and any external provocation is doomed to failure. We should work hard. We must run our own affairs well and make our country even stronger. This is the solid foundation for us to safeguard state sovereignty and foil any external aggression. 無主島嶼 terra nullius 固有領(lǐng)土 inherent territory 石油儲備 oil reserve 中日“不存在領(lǐng)土爭議”論。日本利用甲午戰(zhàn)爭非法竊取釣魚島，二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，釣魚島及其附屬島嶼根據(jù)開羅宣言和波茨坦公告業(yè)已回歸中國版圖。 Japan claims that there is no territorial dispute between China and Japan. In fact, Japan seized on the first Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895) and illegally occupied Diaoyu Dao. After the Second World War, Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands were returned to China according to the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation. condemnation and contempt from the international community國際社會的譴責和蔑視 It will for sure end up in shameful failure必將遭到可恥的失敗。 Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Declaration開羅宣言、波茨坦公告 to strengthen mutual understanding, expand common ground, deepen mutual trust, promote cooperation, and properly settle our differences增進了解，擴大共識，加深互信，發(fā)展合作，妥善處理分歧 demarcation disputes over the East China Sea東海劃線爭端 coastal water areas bearing no dispute沒有爭議的近海水域 中美關(guān)系 兩國元首就中美關(guān)系和其他共同關(guān)心的問題進行了深入、坦誠的會談，成果豐富。雙方積極評價中美建交三十年來兩國關(guān)系取得的巨大發(fā)展，并就推進新時期中美關(guān)系發(fā)展達成一致。 The Presidents heldin-depth, productive and candid discussions on U.S.-China relations andother issues of mutual interest. They highlighted the substantialprogress in U.S.-China relations over the past 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties, and they reached agreement to advanceU.S.-China relations in the new era. 中美兩國國情不同，雙方存在一些分歧是正常的，關(guān)鍵是要尊重和照顧對方的核心利益和重大關(guān)切。中方贊賞奧巴馬總統(tǒng)多次重申堅持一個中國政策、遵守中美三個聯(lián)合公報，在臺灣等問題上尊重中國主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整。雙方重申互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整這一根本原則，雙方均不支持任何勢力破壞這一原則的任何活動。我們將繼續(xù)本著平等、相互尊重、互不干涉內(nèi)政的精神，就人權(quán)和宗教等問題開展對話交流，以增進了解、減少分歧、擴大共識。 Given our differences in national conditions, it is only normal that our two sides may disagree on some issues. What is important is to respect and accommodate each others core interests and major concerns. President Obama on various occasions has reiterated that the U.S. side adheres to the one-China policy, abides by the three Sino-U.S. joint communiqus, and respects Chinas sovereignty and the territorial integrity when it comes to the Taiwan question and other matters. The Chinese side appreciates his statements. The two sides reaffirmed the fundamental principle of respecting each others sovereignty and territorial integrity. Neither side supports any attempts by any force to undermine this principle. We will continue to act in the spirit of equality, mutual respect, and a noninterference in each others internal affairs, and engage in dialogue and exchanges on such issues as human rights and religion in order to enhance understanding, reduce differences, and broaden common ground. 雙方認為，培育和深化雙邊戰(zhàn)略互信對新時期中美關(guān)系發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。在雙方討論中，中方表示，中國始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路，始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，致力于推動建立持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。美方重申，美方歡迎一個強大、繁榮、成功、在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更大作用的中國。美方表示，美國致力于與其他國家共同努力應(yīng)對所面臨的最困難的國際問題。中方表示，歡迎美國作為一個亞太國家為本地區(qū)和平、穩(wěn)定與繁榮作出努力。雙方重申致力于建設(shè)21世紀積極合作全面的中美關(guān)系，并將采取切實行動穩(wěn)步建立應(yīng)對共同挑戰(zhàn)的伙伴關(guān)系。 The two countries believe that to nurture and deepen bilateralstrategic trust is essential to U.S.-China relations in the new era. During their discussions, the Chinese side said that it resolutelyfollows the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy ofopening-up, and is committed to promoting the building of a harmoniousworld of enduring peace and common prosperity. The United Statesreiterated that it welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful Chinathat plays a greater role in world affairs. The United States statedthat it is committed to working with other countries in addressing themost difficult international problems they face. China welcomes theUnited States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace,stability and prosperity in the region. The two sides reiterated thatthey are committed to building a positive, cooperative andcomprehensive U.S.-China relationship for the 21st century, and willtake concrete actions to steadily build a partnership to address commonchallenges. 雙方重申，互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整這一根本原則是指導(dǎo)中美關(guān)系的中美三個聯(lián)合公報的核心。雙方均不支持任何勢力破壞這一原則的任何行動。雙方一致認為，尊重彼此核心利益對確保中美關(guān)系穩(wěn)定發(fā)展極端重要。 The two countries reiterated that the fundamental principle ofrespect for each others sovereignty and territorial integrity is atthe core of the three U.S.-China joint communiqus which guideU.S.-China relations. Neither side supports any attempts by any forceto undermine this principle. The two sides agreed that respecting eachothers core interests is extremely important to ensure steady progressin U.S.-China relations. 雙方將進一步加強宏觀經(jīng)濟政策的溝通與信息交流，共同努力采取調(diào)整國內(nèi)需求和相關(guān)價格的政策，促進更加可持續(xù)和平衡的貿(mào)易與增長。中方將繼續(xù)落實政策，調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，提高家庭收入，擴大內(nèi)需，增加消費對國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的貢獻，改革社會保障體系。美國將采取措施提高國內(nèi)儲蓄占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重，推動可持續(xù)的、非通貨膨脹式的增長。為此，美方致力于將聯(lián)邦預(yù)算赤字降到一個可持續(xù)發(fā)展的水平并采取措施鼓勵私人儲蓄。雙方將采取前瞻性的貨幣政策，并適當關(guān)注貨幣政策對國際經(jīng)濟的影響。 The two sides will further enhance communication and the exchange ofinformation regarding macro-economic policy, and work together topursue policies of adjusting domestic demand and relative prices tolead to more sustainable and balanced trade and growth. China willcontinue to implement the policies to adjust economic structure, raisehousehold incomes, expand domestic demand to increase contribution ofconsumption to GDP growth and reform its social security system. TheUnited States will take measures to increase national saving as a shareof GDP and promote sustainable non-inflationary growth. To achievethis, the United States is committed to returning the federal budgetdeficit to a sustainable path and pursuing measures to encourageprivate saving. Both sides will also pursue forward-looking monetarypolicies with due regard for the ramifications of those policies forthe international economy. 雙方認識到開放貿(mào)易和投資對本國經(jīng)濟和全球經(jīng)濟的重要性，并致力于共同反對各種形式的保護主義。雙方同意本建設(shè)性、合作性和互利性的態(tài)度，積極解決雙邊貿(mào)易和投資爭端。雙方將加快雙邊投資協(xié)定談判。雙方承諾推動多哈發(fā)展回合在2010年達成一個積極、富有雄心、平衡的最終成果。 The two sides recognize the importance of open trade and investmentto their domestic economies and to the global economy, and arecommitted to jointly fight protectionism in all its manifestations. The two sides agreed to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade andinvestment disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutuallybeneficial manner. Both sides will expedite negotiation on a bilateralinvestment treaty. The two sides are committed to seeking a positive,ambitious, and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Agenda in2010. 雙方積極評價二十國集團三次金融峰會在應(yīng)對國際金融危