現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)難點(diǎn)解析八上5-8模塊.doc

八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上5-8模塊復(fù)習(xí)資料一?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞二?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況，常與already,yet,ever,never,just,before連用，不能和明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如:yesterday, the day before yesterday, three years ago,last week,in 2004,just now,at the age of 12）連用. I have already seen the film. Have you finished your homework yet? No one has found life on Mars. Where have you been? Have you been to shanghai before? Betty has lived in Beijing when she was a little girl.Have you heard of Project Hope before?2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，通常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用有時(shí)與so far,in the last three years,by now,up to now,these years,this morning,recently連用In the last two years,we have learned about 1500 English words.I have stayed in the hotel for a week by now. No one has been to the moon recently. 常與for或since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，for后接一段時(shí)間，如for two years,for a long time,for nearly six years,for more than five months,而since后接表過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的名詞短語(yǔ)，如：since 2004,since four years ago,since my childhood,since yesterday,since two oclock或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子，如：since he left school,since his father died,since she came here.(若就for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)通常用how long .) I have been in this school since 2000.How long have you been in this school? I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. How long have you lived in Beijing? He has worked here since he left school.How long has he worked here?在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞（短暫性動(dòng)詞）不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，(實(shí)際上是指這個(gè)動(dòng)作完成后到現(xiàn)在為止?fàn)顟B(tài)所持續(xù)的時(shí)間，并非指動(dòng)作本身所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間) 我來(lái)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。() I have come for two hours.（）I have been here for two hours.此話并非說(shuō)來(lái)這個(gè)動(dòng)作花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。而是指來(lái)了以后到現(xiàn)在為止在這兒呆了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 你買了你的新自行車多久了？()How long have you bought your new bike? ()How long have you had your new bike?此話并非問(wèn)買這個(gè)動(dòng)作所花的時(shí)間，而是問(wèn)買這個(gè)動(dòng)作完成后到現(xiàn)在為止有這輛車多久。他已經(jīng)離開(學(xué)校)五個(gè)小時(shí)了。 （）He has left( school) for five hours. () He has been away (from school) for five hours. 你借了這本書多久了？ （）How long have you borrowed this book? () How long have you kept this book? 電影已經(jīng)開始半個(gè)小時(shí)了。 () The film has began/started for half an hour. () The film has been on for half an hour. 湯姆的奶奶死了三年了。 ()Toms grandma has died for three years. ()Toms grandma has been dead for three years . 你去美國(guó)多久了？ ()How long have you been to America? ()How long have you been in America?從上面例子可以知道，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句子中，點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞（即短暫性動(dòng)詞）不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（包括用how long 提問(wèn)的句子）連用，需要用相適應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞來(lái)替換。buyhave borrowkeep breakbe broken fall/get illbe illget upbe up marrybe married finish/endbe over begin/startbe onopenbe open closebe closed fall asleepbe asleep diebe dead go outbe out gobe away get lostbe lost losebe lostbecomebe joinbe in/a member of catch a coldhave a cold wakebe awake leave(sw)be away (from sw) return/come/get/go backbe back put on-weararrive get reach here/there/abroad/homebe here/there/abroad/at home come goarrive at/in come get to begin to do sthdo sthreach +sw be +適當(dāng)?shù)姆轿唤樵~+sw go come to get go to試比較下列句子的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換： He joined the army six years ago.He has been in the army for six years. It is/has been six years since he joined the army.He has been in the army since six years ago. 在以how long 提問(wèn)的句子或含有for 加時(shí)間段或since加時(shí)間點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子時(shí)，記住要用Has/have been in/at+地點(diǎn)的形式,不能用has/have been to+地點(diǎn) 的形式。 How long have you been in China/this city/here/there? Daming and Lingling have been at Beijing International School since last year. Han Mei has been in hospital since last Sunday. 若現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的否定形式，則可以和表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)連用 Toms grandma hasnt died for three years. The film hasnt began/started for half an hour. Tom hasnt come for two hours.一。單項(xiàng)選擇題1，We _in Hangzhou since last year. A.have been B.were C.lived D.live2-_you_the book to Li Ming? Yes,I borrowed another one a moment ago. A.Do,return B.Are,returning C.Will,return D.Have ,returned3.-How long have you been in this library? -_ twenty years. A.Before B.After C.For D.Since4.How long _your father_Shanghai? A.did,come B.has,go to C.has,been to D.has,been in5.How long has he _Beijing? A.left B.leave C.been away D.been away from 6.My pare4nts _Hangzhou for ten yerars. A.have been in B.have been to C.have gone to D.have been7 Im sorry, Cathy, I _ your radio for such a long time. Never mind.A. have borrowed B. have lent C. have kept D. have returned8 Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Yangzhou with my friends.A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone9 Where is your father? We havent seen each other for weeks. _.A. He has been to America B. He has gone to EnglandC. He is going to Australia D. He would visit my grandparents10. They have _ since the factory opened.A. left the school B. joined the team C. become workers D. worked here11. Jim _ the Great Wall many times.A. went to B. goes to C. has gone to D. has been to12 .It _ ten years since they _ to France.A. was, moved B. was, have moved C. is, have moved D. is, moved 13. _ to the United States? No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go14. I wont go to see the film tonight because I _ my ticket.A. didnt lose B. have lost C. will lose D. didnt have15. Miss Wu has taught in this school _.A. for ten years B. ten years ago C. since ten years D. for ten years ago. 16.I have _ the watch for ten years. A.buy B.had C.bought D.kept 17.How long can I _ the story book? A.have B.had C.borrow D.keep 18.How long have you studied in this school? -_. A.In 2007 B.From 2007 C.Since two years D.Since two years ago 19.-Who _the lunvh today? - I_. A.cook,cook B.cooked,cooked C.cooked,did D. cook,do 20.I _ my homework. - When _ you _ it? -An hour ago. A.have finished,have,finished B.finished,have finish C.have finished,did,finish D.finished,did,finish 二。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞。1. My father came back the day before yesterday. My father has _ _ for two days.2. My uncle bought the new car two months ago. My uncle has _ the new car _ two months ago.3. They left Changsha an hour ago. They have _ _ _ Changsha for an hour.4. The film began ten minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.5. The old man died 5 years ago. The old man _ _ _ for 5 years.6.I have studied English for three years. I have studied English _ three years _.7.John left Beijing three years ago. John has _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.8.Mr Li began to teach English in 2004. Mr Li _ _ English since _.9.I became an English teacher seven years ago. I _ _ _ English seven years ago. I have _ English _ seven years. I have _ an English teacher _ seven years ago.10.I came here five days ago. I _ _ here _ five days.11.I borrowed this book two days ago. I have _ this book for _ _. 12.Charlie first came to live in Shanghai three years ago. Charlie has _ in Shanghai _ three years.13.My uncle became a doctor ten years ago. My uncle has _ a doctor for ten years.14.Miss Zhang has studied English for three years. Miss Zhang has studied English _ three years ago.15.I came here in 2003. I m still here now. Ive _ here _ five years _2003.16.My parents went to Hangzhou last week,they came back yesterday. My parents have _ to Hangzhou.17.Tom wen to Shanghai last week. He is still in Hangzhou now. Tom has _ to Hangzhou.18.My father started working in Beinjing three years ago. My father _.1.重點(diǎn)詞組歸納一個(gè)古典音樂(lè)迷_別再煩某人_聽說(shuō)_一個(gè)奧地利的作曲家_使某人聞名于世_死得早_幾首音樂(lè)_舉辦音樂(lè)會(huì)_出生_彈鋼琴_各種各樣的樂(lè)器_我不確定_一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的樂(lè)手_錄制許多歌曲_數(shù)百_吹小號(hào)_奧地利首都_當(dāng)然_Listen to pop music_on earth_go through_at the age of _In addition to _not onlybut also_the centre of_a composer called Strauss_a book by LuXun_take sb around_maybe/perhaps_in fact_on the phone_some Germans_all the time_from time to time_a jod as a worker_be famous for_2.鞏固復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I have been to America.(用England 改為選擇疑問(wèn)句) Have you been to _ _ _?He has been to America.(用for nearly three years改寫句子) He has been _ America for nearly three years.Tom has worked here since two years ago.(就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ has Tom worked?.I came here five days ago. I _ _ here _ five days.I borrowed this book two days ago. I have _ this book for _ _. .Charlie came to live in Shanghai three years ago. Charlie has _ in Shanghai _ three years.My uncle became a doctor ten years ago. My uncle has _ a doctor for ten years.Miss Zhang has studied English for three years. Miss Zhang has studied English _ three years ago.I came here in 2003. I m still here now. Ive _ here _ five years _2003.My parents went to Hangzhou last week,they came back yesterday. My parents have _ to Hangzhou.Tom wen to Shanghai last week. He is still in Hangzhou now. Tom has _ to Hangzhou. .My father started working in Beinjing three years ago. My father _3.反義疑問(wèn)句、祈使句用于反意疑問(wèn)句中Lets go for a walk, _? Let us go there together,_? Come into the classroom,_? Let me open the door,_? Try to remember eight or ten words a day,_? Dont make any noise,_?陳述句部分含有never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody等否定意義的詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分應(yīng)用肯定疑問(wèn)式。You have never been to Beijing, _? Mr. Fat has few friends here,_? There is little milk in the bottle, _? He could do nothing, _? There is nowhere to sit,_? Petter can hardly hear you_?含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句 You can speak French, _? They cant understand me, _? Ann could swim when she was six, _? You shouldnt translate every word,_?一般將來(lái)時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句 The boys will play games,_? It wont stop raining,_? Mr. Smith will visit our school next week, _?注意：There be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí) There will be a basketball match tomorrow, _? There wont be too much pollution in the future, _? There is going to be a match this afternoon,_?行為動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句 You watched TV last night, _? Jims parents didnt go to Hong Kong last month,_? The rain stopped, _? Mr. Clarke didnt buy a car, _? We saw Jackie Cheung at a cncert once,_? There wasnt a telephone call for me, _? There were enough people to pick apples,_?She had to give up the plan, _? 行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句 You often watch TV in the evening, _? The students dont study hard, _? Mary studies Chinese hard, _? The boy doesnt often go to school by bike, _? The first class begins at eight, _? There is an old picture on the wall, _? There arent any children in the room, _? He often has lunch in the small restaurant outside the company,_? I”m as tall as your sister，_? We have to get there at eight tomorrow, _? You”d better read it by yourself, _?You”d like to go with me,_?I don”t think he is bright,_?We believe she can do it better, _?He has to look after his sister,_?陳述部分主語(yǔ)是everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問(wèn)部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they。Everyone knows the answer,_? Nobody knows about it, _? Everybody knows how to do it, _? Nobody was there, _?如陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)為不定代詞everything, something, nothing, anything等時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句部分主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是it： Nothing has been taken away,_? Everything is right,_? 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空(請(qǐng)找出下列句子中Module6 所必須掌握的詞組，好嗎？) out in off through across past down at by on with after about of under during for outside into up 1.Alice was sitting _ her sister _the river on the morning _May 5th ,2008.2.Alice fell _a rabbit hole and went _a strange world.3.Tom was playing _the garden and Jack was crying_ the grass.4.What kind of work do you want to do when you grow _?5When he heard this music,he thought _ his childhood.6.I like the songs _ Machle Jackson. 7.The story is _ a girl called Alice.8.The white rabbit was looking _ its watch. 9.Daming is smiling _ Mary. 10 What were you doing _this time last night? 11 .What did the rabbit do _its watch?12.You fall when you go quickly to the ground_mistake 13.I was waiting _the bus stop.14.Petter became good friends _ Tom at last. 15.Tom took a pen out _ his pencil box.16._my way home,I met my good friend,Kitty. 17.Which river go _Yiwu city?18.Suddenly,all the lights in my house went_ 19.He is thinking _ making a daisy chain?20.Alice ran_ the field _the white rabbit 21.Suddenly a white rabbit ran _Alice.22.Tom looked _ his sisters bag and foung nothing in it.23.The story sounds beautiful,please go _. 24.They are having a tea party _ Toms home25.I was thinking _ how to perform the story _ class. 26.Alice was given a gold ring _the Queen. 27.Can you tell me how many birds there are _the tree?28.Look!The thief is jumping _of the window. Lets catch him quickly,shall we?29.Tom was running _ the street when the police stopped him.30.What was Tom late _school yesterday _?重點(diǎn)單詞及用法(不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的用法) see,hear,find,notice,watch,listen to,look at,observe sb do/doing sth說(shuō)明：這些感官動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)詞的這兩種形式做賓補(bǔ)，（不要受謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響）： 如果指動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程就用動(dòng)詞原形;如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行就用動(dòng)詞的ing形式；句中如果有just now,often,always,seldom,never等表頻率的副詞或作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞原形）I found a dog _(lie) on the ground.Alice saw a white rabbit _(go) down a large rabbit hole under the hedge.I heard someone _(sing) Beijing Opera in the park.Did you see him _(work) in the field just now?We often hear Rose _(sing) in her room.Did you notice him _(come) in? No, I was doing my homework at that time. ask,tell, need,decide,want,agree,offer,wish,promise,teach,advise,invite sb (not) to do sthMy father always tells me _(go) home earlier after school.Please ask her _(not,call) me again and again.The policeman told me _(not,play) in the street. Would you like me _(go) for a walk with you? need,decide,want,try,remember,forget,hope, cant wait to do sth.You need _(wear)warm clothe because it was very cold outside. Jack has decided _(leave) Shanghai for Beijing by plane this afternoon.Try _(not,translate) every word into Chinese when you read English newspapers.It is important _(learn) a foreign language well.He has something important _(tell) you.My mother teaches me _(cook) enjoy,practice,mind,finish,suggest,keep,allow,be busy,go on,cant help, miss等動(dòng)詞和look forward to,thank you for,be good at,be interested in,give up等介詞后要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式.I have finished _(read) this book.Everyone is busy _(get) ready for the spring festival.How about _(go) hiking with us? She is better than I at _(look) after people.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法（was/were + 動(dòng)詞的ing形式,表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作） 句中有明顯的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞或詞組，如：at eight oclock last night,at this time yesterdayAt that time,then,at 9pm last SundayI_(Play) the piano at seven oclock yesterday evening.They _(do) some reading at this time yesterday._his father_(watch) TV then?Tony_(do) his homework at that time. 句中有明顯的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間段的詞或短語(yǔ)，如：On Mon