獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講解資料與練習(xí).doc

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講解資料一. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的基本概念在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Having finished the housework, Mary began watching TV. When she had finished the housework, Mary began watching TV.如果不一致的話，分詞前面可以帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)(名詞或代詞)，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(或稱為帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu))。由一個(gè)名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語(yǔ),加上一個(gè)分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒(méi)有關(guān)系,通常被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 二. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的基本構(gòu)成形式及功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要起狀語(yǔ)作用,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,多用來(lái)表示伴隨情況、陪襯動(dòng)作、附加說(shuō)明以及表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。1、名詞或代詞主格 + 分詞The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 實(shí)驗(yàn)做完了,同學(xué)們繼續(xù)在實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告上做記錄。Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果時(shí)間允許,晚飯后我們可以到操場(chǎng)上散散步。2、名詞或代詞主格 + 形容詞Computers very small, we can use them widely. 電腦雖小,我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly. 衣服很臟,你快點(diǎn)兒洗洗吧!3、名詞或代詞主格 + 不定式The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我們的晚會(huì)就開始了。4、名詞或代詞主格 + 介詞短語(yǔ) Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我們的英語(yǔ)老師走進(jìn)了教室,手里拿著試卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一條河,河兩岸長(zhǎng)滿了鮮花。5、名詞或代詞主格 + 副詞 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散會(huì)了,校長(zhǎng)很快就離開了會(huì)議室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 燈熄了,我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。6. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格 表示伴隨情況時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with +名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)。例如：He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised.他舉手著站在那兒。注意： 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問(wèn)題： 當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制。例如：A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.（hand前不能加his） A robber burst into the room, with a knife in his hand.三. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)及分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的異同1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語(yǔ)都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句。但是,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句后,它有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致(例)。而分詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句后,從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致(例)。 If time permits, wed better have a holiday at weekends. 轉(zhuǎn)換為:Time permitting, wed better have a holiday at weekends. 如果時(shí)間允許,我們最好周末去度假。When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.轉(zhuǎn)換為:Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 從山頂上看,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)城市更美了。四. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞，不定式、介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與句子分開。懸垂分詞分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)并不總是和主句的主語(yǔ)一致。Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time. 在城市里搜查小偷,花費(fèi)了警察很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。 When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. (人們)種這些花時(shí)必須小心,不要損壞了花根。 Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. 總的說(shuō)來(lái),這條規(guī)則很容易懂。 Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 由他所說(shuō)的來(lái)判斷,他一定是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)I. Choose the correct answer: 1. A new technique _, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A.working out C. worked outB. having worked out D.to have been worked out2.All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. consideredB. be consideredC. consideringD. having considered3. All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceled B. have been canceledC. were canceled D. having been canceled4. So many directors _, the board meeting had to be put off. A. were absent B. been absentC. had been absent D. absent5. All the tasks _ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.A. been fulfilled B. fulfilled C. were fulfilled D. had been fulfilled6. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied7.The speech _, a lively discussion started.A. being deliveredB. was deliveredC. be delivered D. having been delivered8. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _ it closely.A. followedB. followingC. to follow D. being following9. _, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equal B. Were other things equalC. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal10. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _ on benches，chairs or boxes. A. having seatedB. seating C. seatedD. having been seated 11. _ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldnt go on with the experiment.A. Since B. For C. As D. With 12. _ in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.A. Being the fourth biggest cityB. It was once the fourth biggest cityC. Once the fourth biggest city D. The fourth biggest city it wasII. Put the following into English:1. 條件變化了，你有必要制定一個(gè)新計(jì)劃。2. 她沖出房間，懷里抱著嬰兒。3. 他們是盲人，怎么可能看到大象呢？4. 因?yàn)闊o(wú)事可做，我們回家了。5. 沒(méi)有下雨，植物都枯萎了。6. 他躺在那兒，牙緊咬，雙手握拳，兩眼直勾勾看著上面。答案I. 15 CADDB 610 DDBAC 1112 D CII. 1. Circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan.2. She rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms. 3. They being