導(dǎo)學(xué)教程高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 高考題型攻略篇 高考題型之二 閱讀理解 專題四 閱讀理解之觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題課件.ppt

專題四閱讀理解之觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題 高考24話題之 四 飲食 foodanddrink 近年來 人們普遍存在體重超標(biāo)的現(xiàn)象 患肥胖癥 obesity 的人越來越多 這對(duì)人們的身體健康極為不利 請(qǐng)結(jié)合右面的漫畫 分析人們肥胖的原因 并提出可行的減肥方法和健康建議 寫作話題 somepeopleevensuffer obesity canleadtoheartdisorder highbloodpressureandotherhealthproblems thereareseveralreasons it itisimportant remember thatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobe health 語法填空 from which for toremember healthy alltheseisrichinfatandsugar whichcaneasilymakepeoplefat itrequireswell balanceddietandproperexercise sooneshouldeatrightfood getenoughsleep andexerciseregular 答案 is改為are well balanced前面加a regular改為regularly 語法改錯(cuò) itseemsthatmanypeopletodayareoverweight somepeopleevensufferfromobesity whichcanleadtoheartdisorder highbloodpressureandotherhealthproblems 范文背誦 thereareseveralreasonsforit somepeoplecouldn tresistthetemptationofallkindsofdeliciousfood suchhamburger friedchicken beerandsugarycola allthesearerichinfatandsugar whichcaneasilymakepeoplefat oncewebecomeoverweight itisnotaneasyjobtoloseweight itrequiresawell balanceddietandproperexercise onecan ttakegoodhealthforgranted itisimportanttorememberthatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy sooneshouldeatrightfood getenoughsleep andexerciseregularly 根據(jù)范文畫線部分仿寫下面情景 青少年不要把吃早餐不當(dāng)回事 孩子們抵制不玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的誘惑 答案 teenagersshouldn ttakehavingbreakfastforgranted childrencan tresistthetemptationofplayingonlinegames 自主空間 a 2016 北京 thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy 自主性 andthedevelopmentofadultidentity however nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence duringwhichmanyoftoday sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities 限時(shí)15分鐘 forpreviousgenerations collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin inthepasttwodecades however continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily thankstocellphones emailandsocialmedia haveincreasedsignificantly someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework insteadof promotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsi bility universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation thisprocessinvolves tryingon newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually 在思維方面 andpersonally whileweshouldprovide safespaces withincolleges wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant becauseacollegecommunity 群體 differsfromthefamily manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity moreover thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined 規(guī)定 andcontrolled theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld therefore thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself regulation ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself discovery 語篇解讀 本文是一篇議論文 大學(xué)并不是溫暖的家 大學(xué)時(shí)期應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)自主性和自我同一性的重要時(shí)期 也是孩子脫離父母控制的決定性時(shí)期 因此 學(xué)校不應(yīng)該成為像家庭一樣讓孩子依賴的地方 1 what stheauthor sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents a sympathetic b disapproving c supportive d neutral 解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題 作者在第一段介紹了大學(xué)生缺乏自主性和責(zé)任感的現(xiàn)象 第二個(gè)分析了兩個(gè)方面的原因 一是由于現(xiàn)代通訊設(shè)備的發(fā)展使得大學(xué)生可以隨時(shí)聯(lián)系父母 父母也可以隨時(shí)幫助他們 這樣大學(xué)生仍然是依靠父母 二是大學(xué)也變得像家庭一樣了 讓大學(xué)生感覺到了安全 但也失去了自主性 作者的觀點(diǎn)是主張大學(xué)生要培養(yǎng)自主性和責(zé)任感 所以他對(duì)于父母的這種作法是持否定態(tài)度的 答案b 2 theunderlinedword passage inparagraph2means a changeb choicec textd extension 解析猜測(cè)詞義題 根據(jù) insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome 中passage后面的from to 可以推知 passage在此句中的意思是 轉(zhuǎn)變 即從家庭的庇護(hù)中轉(zhuǎn)變到自主性和成年責(zé)任感 答案a 3 accordingtotheauthor whatroleshouldcollegeplay a todevelopasharedidentityamongstudents b todefineandregulatestudents socialbehavior c toprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents d tofosterstudents intellectualandpersonaldevelopment 解析推理判斷題 根據(jù)第三段和第四段內(nèi)容可知 大學(xué)應(yīng)該注重大學(xué)生在思維和個(gè)人方面的發(fā)展 答案d 4 whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage i introductionp pointsp sub point 次要點(diǎn) c conclusion解析文章結(jié)構(gòu)推斷題 第一段是引入段 第二段分析導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象的原因 作為p1 第三段開始 作者就如何培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生自主性和責(zé)任感提出自己的觀點(diǎn) 作為p2 一是大學(xué)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)探索和嘗試的時(shí)代 作為sp1 二是大學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)如何應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì) 作為sp2 最后一段對(duì)作者的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié) 答案c b 2016 四川 inthedepthsofthefrenchguianeserainforest therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous 土著的 people surprisingly thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms andyet peopleinthisareaareinfactfrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony 殖民地 ofthefrenchrepublicsince1946 intheory theyshouldlivebythefrenchlaw however theirremotelocationsmeanthatthefrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof lawlessness intheworld thelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofafrenchmanfrompariscalledgin ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea whichsitsontheedgeoftheamazon rainforest withhalfitspopulationofonly250 000livinginitscapital cayenne ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears saysgin i vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem thusihavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment idon tseeitasalawlessland butratheriseeitasanareaoffreedom iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife continuesgin iprefertoworkinblackandwhite whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly hisblack and whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernfrenchrepublic whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare butalsoalcoholism betrayalandevensuicide 語篇解讀 本文通過一個(gè)名叫g(shù)in的攝影記者向人們展示了法國(guó)圭亞那人的生活 以及現(xiàn)代法國(guó)的生活風(fēng)格給他們帶來的影響 5 whydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinfrenchguiana a theyseldomfollowthefrenchlaw b theyoftenignoretheguianeselaw c theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld d theyarebothguianeseandfrenchcitizens 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第一段第二句 surprisingly thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms 以及最后一句中的 theirremotelocationsmeanthatthefrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown 可知選a項(xiàng) 答案a 6 ginintroducedthespecialworldoftheindigenousguianeseas a atourguideb ageographerc afilmdirectord aphotographer解析推理判斷題 根據(jù)第四段中的 iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife 可知 他想展示給觀眾一個(gè)攝影記錄 由此可以推斷 他是一個(gè)攝影記者 答案d 7 whatisgin sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousguianese a cautious b doubtful c uninterested d appreciative 解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題 根據(jù)第三段中的 ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears 可知 他對(duì)法國(guó)圭亞那人心存感激 故選d項(xiàng) 答案d 8 whatdoestheunderlinedword it inthelastparagraphreferto a themodernfrenchlifestyle b theself supportinghunting c theuncivilizedworld d thefrenchrepublic 解析猜測(cè)詞義題 根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的 thelifestyleofferedbythemodernfrenchrepublic 可知 后面的定語從句中的it指現(xiàn)代法國(guó)的生活風(fēng)格 故選a項(xiàng) 答案a 作者在文章中不僅客觀地進(jìn)行敘述和說明 往往還持有某種態(tài)度 如對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)或贊同或反對(duì) 或肯定或批評(píng) 因此這類題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者的觀點(diǎn) 感情 態(tài)度的理解能力 一 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題 設(shè)題角度 1 whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage 2 what stheauthor sattitudetowards 3 wecaninferthattheauthorofthetextis 4 accordingtothepassage theauthorholdstheviewthat 5 whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowards 6 howdidthewriterfeelwhenhesaw 7 whatistheauthor sopinionabout 作者態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題考查目標(biāo)比較明確 題干一般都含有accordingtothewriter attitude opinion believe consider regard等詞或短語 常見的選項(xiàng)有 optimistic 樂觀的 pessimistic 悲觀的 approve 贊成 disapprove 不贊成 approval 贊成的 disapproval 不贊成的 objective 客觀的 subjective 主觀的 positive 積極的 肯定的 negative 消極的 否定的 critical 批判的 挑剔的 doubtful 懷疑的 uncertain 不確定的 hopeful 有希望的 解題策略 作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的解題方法 作者的態(tài)度和立場(chǎng)一般分為三大類 支持 贊同 樂觀 客觀 中立 反對(duì) 批評(píng) 懷疑 悲觀 所以 我們?cè)陂喿x中 要利用詞匯情感色彩 推斷作者情感態(tài)度 每一篇文章都肯定包含作者的某種觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度 只不過有的直截了當(dāng) 有的含而不露 有的通過所用詞語的褒貶來體現(xiàn) 此類題可細(xì)分為作者態(tài)度題 表明作者的好惡 和作者觀點(diǎn)題 表明作者對(duì)某事物的觀點(diǎn) 準(zhǔn)確把握作者的情感和態(tài)度 需要注意以下幾點(diǎn) 1 作者對(duì)某一事物的看法 要么支持 要么反對(duì) 帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案 2 漠不關(guān)心類詞語一定不對(duì) 既然寫文章就不會(huì)不關(guān)心 3 不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中 也要區(qū)分開作者的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的態(tài)度 4 當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時(shí) 要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度 5 作者觀點(diǎn)一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián) 6 一般帶有絕對(duì)化或過于強(qiáng)烈的選項(xiàng)必錯(cuò) 如 strong complete entire enthusiastic等 7 持有保留態(tài)度的比較客觀 常常是正確選項(xiàng) 典例1 well ihadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifalexcouldjogeveryday anyonecould soitookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife andnotadaymore basedonmyexperience joggingisthemostovervaluedformofexercisearound andjudgingfromthenumberofthepeoplewholeftourneighborhoodjoggingarmy i mnotaloneinmyopinion whatwasthewriter sattitudetowardsjogginginthebeginning a hefeltitwasworthatry b hewasveryfondofit c hewasstronglyagainstit d hethoughtitmustbepainful 解析 本段講述了作者通過親自參加jogging 慢跑 鍛煉 體會(huì)到j(luò)ogging并不像人們想象中的那么好 他認(rèn)為自己的鍛煉方式也可以達(dá)到健身的目的 題目問作者起初對(duì)慢跑的看法如何 a 他認(rèn)為值得一試 b 他非常喜歡這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng) c 他極力反對(duì)這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng) d 他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)非常痛苦 從 ihadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifalexcouldjogeveryday anyonecould 和 soitookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife andnotadaymore 兩句 我們可以看出作者起初對(duì)慢跑并無排斥心理 而且認(rèn)為值得一試 a項(xiàng)較符合作者的態(tài)度 典例2 itwasinatree too thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend bythensomeofushadreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescence 青春期 inmarch themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter twofriendsandisetouttogoexploring weclimbedatree andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree soontherewouldbethespringdancesonfridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood a happybutshort b lonelybutmemorable c boringandmeaningless d longandunforgettable 解析 題目問作者如何評(píng)價(jià)自己的童年 a 快樂卻短暫 b 孤單卻值得回憶 c 乏味 無趣 d 漫長(zhǎng)而又難忘 根據(jù) itwasinatree too thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend 和下句 inmarch 以及下句 andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofus highschoolcafeteria 可以看出作者是在慨嘆童年時(shí)光快樂卻短暫 答案選a 1 文章結(jié)構(gòu)題 是指那些針對(duì)文章的整體篇章結(jié)構(gòu)或某一段落的發(fā)展層次所設(shè)置的問題 這類題主要考查同學(xué)們?cè)诶斫馊牡幕A(chǔ)上對(duì)文章所描述事件的發(fā)展順序 所說明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次或在論述觀點(diǎn)過程中使用的論證方法進(jìn)行推測(cè) 歸納和總結(jié)的能力 與主旨大意題和細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查學(xué)生對(duì)篇章內(nèi)容理解能力不同的是 文章結(jié)構(gòu)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的宏觀把握 在高考題中 這是一種較為新穎的考查方式 二 文章結(jié)構(gòu)體裁題 設(shè)題角度 1 whatistherightorderofthestepsindoing 2 thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby 3 howisthepassagemainlydeveloped 4 theauthoranswersthequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphwith 5 whichofthefollowingpictureshowsthestructureofthepassage 6 inthenextpart theauthorwouldmostprobablydiscusswithyou 7 thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof 8 thepassageisorganizedinorderof 常見的選項(xiàng)有 byclassification bycomparison byexample byprocess byfollowingtheorderoftime byfollowingtheorderofimportance analyzingcauses makingcomparisons examiningdifferencesfollowingthetimeorder timeandevents comparisonandcontrast causeandeffect definitionandclassification etc 2 文章體裁題考查考生對(duì)文章的體裁以及文章的出處進(jìn)行合理判斷的能力 設(shè)題角度 1 thispassagecanbeclassifiedas 2 thetextismostprobablya 3 wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom 4 w