高考英語閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練精品題（14）.doc

2014高考英語閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練精品題（14）及答案passage four (examinations exert a pernicious influence on education) we might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a persons knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. it really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. for all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. they may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and aptitude. as anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. that is because so much depends on them. they are the mark of success of failure in our society. your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. it doesnt matter that you werent feeling very well, or that your mother died. little things like that dont count: the exam goes on. no one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. the moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. can we wonder at the increasing number of drop-outs: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students? a good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. the examination system does anything but that. what has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. they lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. the most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. the results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. examiners are only human. they get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. they work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. and their word carries weight. after a judges decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiners. there must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a persons true abilities. is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? this is what it boils down to in the last analysis. the best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: i were a teenage drop-out and now i are a teenage millionaire.1.the main idea of this passage isa examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.examinations are ineffective.c examinations are profitable for institutions.d examinations are a burden on students.2.the authors attitude toward examinations isadetest.approval.c critical.d indifferent.3.the fate of students is decided bya education.institutions.c examinations.d students themselves.4.according to the author, the most important of a good education isa to encourage students to read widely.to train students to think on their own.c to teach students how to tackle exams.d to master his fate.5.why does the author mention court?a give an example.for comparison.c it shows that teachers evolutions depend on the results of examinations.d it shows the results of court is more effectise.vocabulary1.pernicious 有害的，惡性的，破壞性的2.knack 竅門，訣竅3.embark 乘船，登記4.write off 勾銷，注銷。確認(rèn)某食物已損失或無效5.syllabus 教學(xué)大綱6.cram 塞入，把某物塞進(jìn)，突擊式學(xué)習(xí)（尤指應(yīng)考），以注入方式教人7.duress 威脅，逼迫8.stack 堆，垛9.scrawl 寫/畫（的內(nèi)容不工整，不仔細(xì)）潦草的筆跡，七扭八歪的字10.script 講稿，劇本，腳本，筆試答卷11.cynical 憤世嫉俗的，自私得為人不齒的12.boil down 熬濃，濃縮，歸納難句譯注1. for all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.【參考譯文】盡管所有那些虔誠的說法說考試能測定你所知道的東西，但其結(jié)果常常是適得其反，這是眾所周之的常識。2. as anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】second to none固定搭配，義：不亞于任何人或事物。【參考譯文】（測）考試作為憂慮的制造者，真是出類拔萃。3. induce cramming誘人采用突擊式學(xué)習(xí)方式。cram盡力塞入，應(yīng)試突擊學(xué)習(xí)。ex: cram for a chemistry test.為應(yīng)付化學(xué)考試而臨時(shí)抱佛腳。cram pupils以填鴨式教學(xué)生。4. yet you have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.【參考譯文】他們不得不在限定的時(shí)間內(nèi)，給一大堆匆忙涂寫而成的筆試答卷批分。5. and their word carries weight.【參考譯文】可他們的話/文字（這里指分?jǐn)?shù)）有份量（有影響）。6. this is what it boils down to in the last analysis.【參考譯文】這就是最終分析所歸納的一切。寫作方法與文章大意 這是一篇類似分類寫作的文章。羅列了考試種種惡果。作者首先指出考試難以測定人的真正能力和水平，反而是適得其反。二是考試是憂慮的制造者，因?yàn)樗鼪Q定了人的成敗命運(yùn)。三是考試促使學(xué)校進(jìn)行應(yīng)試技巧教育，否定了教會人獨(dú)立思考、擴(kuò)大視野。四是教師或者說測試人又累又餓，犯錯(cuò)誤，還得在限定時(shí)間披閱成堆的試卷，他們的壓力和考試者一樣很大，而他們的話分?jǐn)?shù)有份量，審判官的裁決，你有權(quán)上訴，而他們的裁決一筆定終身。 最后引用“輟學(xué)者成為百萬富翁”來點(diǎn)明測試這種形式對教育的壞影響。答案詳解1. a 考試對教育具有有害的影響。文章第一段就點(diǎn)明：考試是測試記憶的好方法，是測試在巨大壓力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，卻測不出一個(gè)人的真正能力和水平。第三段集中指出：考試不是促進(jìn)學(xué)生廣泛閱讀，反而限制其閱讀；考試不能使學(xué)生追求更多的知識，而是誘導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行應(yīng)付考試的突擊式學(xué)習(xí)。他們降低了教學(xué)水平，因?yàn)樗麄儎儕Z了老師的一切自由。常常以考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程來評定老師，是他們不得不以他們所輕視的考試技巧來培訓(xùn)學(xué)生。第二段和第四段也涉及其后果。b.考試無效。這是考試后果的一個(gè)方面。c.考試對教育機(jī)構(gòu)有利。這也是一個(gè)方面。d.考試對學(xué)生是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。2. c 批評的。第一段中作者明確指出，考試方法依舊，不能測出人的能力和水平。第二段點(diǎn)名，這種無用的考試決定人生的成敗。第三段說考試最成功的考試者經(jīng)常不是最佳的受教育者，他們是在脅迫下最佳獲得考試技巧者，而好的教育應(yīng)能培養(yǎng)人的獨(dú)立思考。第四段涉及閱卷者又累又餓，常犯錯(cuò)誤，不得不在限定時(shí)間披閱一大堆匆忙中七扭八歪寫出的卷子。最后一句“我過去是一個(gè)是來歲的輟學(xué)者，現(xiàn)在我是一個(gè)年輕的百萬富翁”畫龍點(diǎn)睛地指出，考試指揮下的教育的失敗。這一切都說明作者對考試的批評態(tài)度。a.嫌惡，厭惡。此答案從意義上說是對的。但語法不通，因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)東西，而is后要求是名詞或形容詞。b.贊成。d.漠不關(guān)心的。3. c 考試。答案在第二段，考試是最終憂慮制造者，那是因?yàn)樵S多事情取決于考試：它們是我們社會中成功或失敗的標(biāo)志。你的未來可能全取決于這決定性的一天。a.教育。b.教育機(jī)構(gòu)。d.學(xué)生自己。4. b 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考。第三段第一句話點(diǎn)明：好的教育應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自己獨(dú)立思考。a.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生廣泛閱讀。教學(xué)生如何應(yīng)考。c.教學(xué)生如何應(yīng)考。d.掌握自己命運(yùn)。5. b 作對比，答案在最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“審判官裁決后，你有權(quán)力上訴，而披閱考卷人給分后，學(xué)生可沒有上訴權(quán)”后面又談及“一想到考試只對進(jìn)行考試的機(jī)構(gòu)有禮，未免太自私了。這酒是最終分析歸納的東西?！彼宰髡吆粲酰啥ㄟ€有許多更簡便，更有效的評估人真正能力的方法。a.給出一個(gè)例子。c.表示老師是由考試結(jié)果評定好壞。這是第三段講的不分內(nèi)容，教師他們自己常由考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程優(yōu)劣來評定。所以他們不得不對學(xué)生進(jìn)行應(yīng)試技巧教育，降低教學(xué)水平。d.表明審判官裁決更有效。閱讀理解-dhannah teter looks like a typical teenager, not someone you would expect to see in a luxurious (奢華的) hotel. but thats exactly where she was, transformed from a small town girl with big dreams to a gold-medal snowboarder getting the big-time star treatment. ever since her incredible performance in the 2006 winter olympic games in torino, italy, hannah has been showered with attention. shes done countless interviews, appearing on shows like jimmy kimmel and david letterman. its a long way from belmont, vermont, with its population of 421 people. i grew up in a tiny town and a small school, i was just this hometown girl, said hannah, during a break at the world congress of sport, a major conference about the business of sports being held in new york city. while her life has definitely changed in the last few weeks, one thing remains the same her positive attitude. the funny thing is that i still feel like an ordinary snowboard girl. people ask me, so has your head gotten any bigger? but i dont feel like its gotten any bigger. i still feel normal. whats the biggest lesson that hannah has learned through her unbelievable success？i grew up in vermont, hannah said. i have that kind of background where lifes about snowboarding, but its so much more than that. this is an opportunity to get out there and maybe make a change in the world. and it looks like she is doing just that. she is starting a sugar brand named hannahs gold, and the profits(利潤) will go to world vision, an international charity that helps everyone from orphans（孤兒）in asia to aids victims in africa. people come up to me and theyre excited about what ive done, hannah said. and that makes me excited, because i love what i do.68which of the following would be the best title for the passage?aa snowboarderbwork for sportschannahs goldda successful life69what do you know about hannah teter according to the passage?ashe is the worlds best competition snowboarder.bshe is a modest snowboarder with great success.cpeople are afraid that her head has gotten much bigger.dthe key to her success lies in her snowboarding family.70how does hannah make a change in the world after becoming a champion?ashe contributes to world vision.bshe remains positive and modest in life.cshe frequently appears on entertainment shows.dshe helps children in world vision orphaned by aids.【參考答案】68-70、cba第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選面中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。將答案寫在答題紙上?！癮ny fool can criticize, condemn, and complain (抱怨) but it takes character and self control to be understanding and forgiving.” dale carnegieif we really want to be happy, why do we act like such babies?we can claim(聲稱) to be proactive（主動的）in our life by settings goals and going after what we want. but if were always whining and complaining all the time, are we really living effectively?71 whether it be being stuck in traffic, being bothered by the weather, not enough mustard on your sandwich, or whatever it is, there are endless instances where you can find a reason to complain.but its not just outside circumstances that we complain about. 72 we complain about about ourselves too. we complain that we dont have enough time, we dont have enough money (this one is huge because its often “true”), that were not smart enough, cool enough, or just enough. 73 i never really thought about it much until i found this website about “l(fā)iving in a complain free world.”imagine how much happier you would be if you simply stopped complaining? much of what you complain about is outside of your control anyway. whats the point of brooding about something you have no power to change? 74 simply becoming conscious of how much you complain is the first step to stopping. when you recognize that youre complaining, stop and take notice of it. ask yourself if you would rather complain, or be happy. 75 awe complain about ourselves too.bnot very intelligent, if you ask me.cwhy cant we complain about things around us?dare you ready to live a complaint free, happier life?ewhat youre complaining about may make you quite unhappy.fif you dont believe me, count how many times you complain in one day.give experienced lots of unpleasantness for complaining about things i cant control.參考答案 7175 fagbd閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a.b.c和d項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ainternet dating has become one of the biggest and most successful business ventures on the internetbasically, internet dating is a way to meet people for either friendship or dating without actually having to meet them in person firstthe first thing to do it you decide to try internet dating is to build your profile （簡介） which can include your hobbies, hopes for the future, and so ona photograph is optional, but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profilemany internet dating sites will charge a one-lime registration fee to use their services.internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the worldyou can even narrow the search down to your area by zip codeanother advantage is that you can communicate by e-mail before you meet in personthousands of people have met, fallen in love, and married through internet datingit is an excellent way for shy people to meetit is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others, and an easy way to meet people who share your interestsjust as in traditional dating and love, there are some pitfalls to be aware of in internet datingthe person you have been t