amy-4級分類整理答案-2011.12至2006.12四級真題翻譯篇-.doc

歸納整理-2011年12月至2006年12月四級真題翻譯篇一、考查語法點：（一 ）虛擬語氣（1）時態(tài)變化 1. Linda_(不可能收到我的電子郵件）：otherwise, she would have replied（2011.12-88）解析：couldnt have received my e-mail 本題考察混合型虛擬語氣。otherwise提示我們句子后半句是與過去事實相反（事實是Linda沒有回復），因此用could+have+過去分詞。句子前半句是在陳述一種事實，從句子后半句could have +過去分詞我們可以推斷前面“沒有收到我的電子郵件”也是在發(fā)生在過去，且對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響（還沒有收到回信），因此這里用現(xiàn)在完成時，could have +過去分詞。2. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _(能被分配做另一項工作). 解析：could be assigned (to) another job (2011.6-88) 被動態(tài)本題考察了wish從句的虛擬語氣用法（cancould）和“分配某人做某事”的詞組搭配，assign sb. to sth. 或者assign sb. sth.3. You would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做). (2009.12-87)解析：had followed my instructions/orders【結構分析】本句的主語是You。謂語動詞是would not have failed。if you had followed my instructions是if引導的條件狀語從句?！疽c解析】本題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法。if從句的虛擬語氣考查，根據(jù)語法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的形式，從句中應該采用had+過去分詞的結構。“按照的指令”可表達為follow my instructions/orders。 根據(jù)主句的would not have failed 結構就可以推斷這是對過去事實的虛擬，那么從句則是had+done 結構，所以答案為you had followed my instructions/orders。4. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary _(就不會被大雨淋了) (2009.6-88) 被動態(tài)答案：wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain 點評：本題的考點仍然為兩個：第一個是考查對虛擬語氣的掌握，情態(tài)動詞+完成時的結構。第二是考查對短語be caught by 的掌握，意思為“被所困”， 另外注意對雨這個概念的修飾，一定要用heavy rain 而不是big rain 。 5. The victim _(本來會有機會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time. (2006.12-89)答案：would have had a chance of surviving/would have been able to survive/would have survived。 解析：根據(jù)本句結構可以看出需要翻譯部分是謂語動詞。因為實際上沒有活下來所以是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。“有機會”可以用have a chance of.來表示。這樣其形式為would have had a chance?！盎钕聛怼痹诖丝捎脛用~“surviving”表示。（2）(should) +do 、(should) not do ; (should) be done/ (should) not be done 1. They requested that _ (我借的書還回圖書館) by next Friday. (2010.12-91)解析：books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library 被動態(tài)I (should) return the book I borrowed to the library【結構分析】本題句子的主干部分分別是they 主語，request 謂語，后接that引導的賓語從句。【考點解釋】request的用法。request v. 要求；當request表示“要求”時，引導的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣，即（should）+ 動詞原形。定語從句。“我借的書”， the book (that) I borrowed；單詞的拼寫。歸還 return，借 borrow，圖書館 library 本題就此題提供了兩個版本的答案，但在表示“規(guī)定，規(guī)則”時，被動語態(tài)更為常用。【原句精釋】他們要求我在下周五之前把借的書還回圖書館。2. It is suggested that the air conditioner _ (要安裝在窗戶旁). (2010.6-90)解析：(should) be fixed/installed by/next to the window 本題考查It is suggested that結構中主語從句中要用虛擬語氣的用法，即should + 動詞原形，should可以省略。 語法：被動態(tài)（二）強調句1Its my mother_(一直在鼓勵我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies(2011.1289)【解析】：who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart/give up本題考察了強調句型和動詞encourage的搭配。強調句型its that/who encourage sb. (not) to do sth. 鼓勵某人（不）做某事。2. George called his boss from the airport but it _ (接電話的卻是他的助手). (2011.6.90)解析： was his assistant who answered / picked up the phone； turned out that his assistant answered / picked up the phone該句比較靈活，在句法上，既可以使用強調句結構，也可以采用turn out的慣用搭配；在“接電話”的表達上，可以用pick up / answer the phone。強調句結構為it be sb. who do sth. ,而turn out變化則較多，可以用turn out to be sb. who do sth.或者turn out + that + 從句。 (三) 倒裝1. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _ (也沒有解釋為什么). (2011.6-87)解析; nor did they make any explanation / nor did they give the reason for doing so 本題考察了兩個知識點。 nor的倒裝句用法，后半句表示“也不”的否定意義，注意助動詞的時態(tài)與上半句保持一致； 對某事做出解釋的表達，考察了漢譯英中動詞轉名詞的技巧，explain explanation，或者nor did they give the reason for doing so同樣可以。2. The manager never laughed; neither _ (她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣). (2010.6-88)解析：did she become angry/did she lose her temper before.本題考查neither的倒裝用法，以及發(fā)脾氣這個短語，發(fā)脾氣可以說become angry，也可以用lose ones temper。 (四)狀語1. 目的狀語1）_(為了確保他參加會議)，I called him up in advance. (2010.12-87)解析：In order to ensure him to attend the meetingTo ensure his attendance at the meeting【結構分析】本題句子的主干 “I called him up in advance”已經(jīng)給出，無需翻譯，需要翻譯部分為“為了確保他能參加會議”。該部分在句子中作目的狀語【考點解釋】本題考查是目的狀語。目的狀語可以由to/in order to來引導。確保 ensure sb to do 確保某人做某事，ensure sth 確保某事 【原句精釋】為了確保他參加會議，我已經(jīng)提前給他電話了。2. 讓步狀語1）Leaving ones job, _(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. （2008.689）答案：no matter what the job is/ whatever the job is考點 no matter what 或whatever引導的讓步狀語從句； 從句中的語序問題。 2）I am going to purchase this course, （無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲）. （2007.12.-89）答案：no matter what/whatever sacrifice I have to make 解析 本題考查對讓步狀語從句的掌握。no matter 通常與特殊疑問詞連用，引導讓步狀語從句。另外本句也可翻譯成whatever sacrifice I have to make.3. before 時間狀語從句Scientists agree that it will be a long time _(我們找到治愈癌癥的方法). (2009.12-89)解析：before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer【結構分析】本句的主語是Scientists，謂語是agree，that it will be a long time是that引導的賓語從句，before we find the methods of curing cancers是before引導的時間狀語從句?！疽c解析】“治愈”可譯為cure，而不應譯為treat，treat是“治療”的意思。cure有療法的意思，所以治愈癌癥的方法還可以譯為cure for cancer。根據(jù)句子的已知部分，可以判斷出填寫的部分用一般現(xiàn)在時【原句精譯】科學家們認為，要過很長時間才能找到治愈癌癥的方法?！灸芰ν卣埂縝efore引導的狀語從句。句型A：it+be+一段時間+before：意思是“要過很久才會”。例：The field research will take John and Mike about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again. 實地考察要花約翰和邁克五個月的時間;他們過很久才會再見面。句型B：it was some time before：意思是“在之前過了一段時間”。例：He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work. 他被告知至少過三個月才能康復，重返工作崗位。 4. not - until 直到-才 時間狀語從句1）The anti-virus agent was not known_ (直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它). （2008.12-91）答案：until a doctor discovered/found it by chance/accidentally 本題考點在于以下兩點：(1)表示“直到”用until；(2)中文中的“偶然”用by chance或者accidentally2）_(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. （2008.691）答案：Not until he finished his mission 考點not until置于句首引起的倒裝句型； mission表示“使命”。 (五) 定語從句1Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_(他們至今還沒有答案) （2008.12-87）答案：to which they have not found solutions so far/(which) they have not found answers/solutions to so far 本題考點在于以下三點：(1)problems之后應使用定語從句，引導詞用which，介詞to提前；(2)中文“還沒有”需要用增譯法，即增加find一詞，注意答題時應使用過去分詞形式found；(3)中文的“答案”需要轉譯為solutions。 時態(tài)； 詞組：solution to sth.2. _ (與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. （2008.690）答案：Compared with the place where I was brought up 被動態(tài)考點分詞做狀語；where引導的定語從句。3. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我們可以合作的領域). （2007.6-88）答案:one field of our cooperation或the field in which we can cooperate 【解析】本題考查的是表語的使用，可以用名詞短語one field of our cooperation作表語，也可以用從句 the field in which we can cooperate作表語。（六）主語從句1. what 所字結構1）_(給游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. (2010.12-90)解析：What impressed the tourists most【結構分析】本題句子為主系表結構，主語即考查部分，was 系動詞，剩余部分為表語?！究键c解釋】本題重點考查what引導的主語從句；what可引導句子充當主語；impress用法 給留下印象 impress sb；最高級的用法most；結合考點，可推出“給印象最深”為impress sb most【原句精釋】當?shù)厝说挠焉婆c熱情給游客們留下了最深的印象。2）_(很多人所沒有意識到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports , and football in particular.(2009.6-90)答案：what many people dont realize / what a host of folks dont realize 點評：本題所考查的考點是主語從句，對考生來說并不難，大部分考生都會直接寫出答案what many people dont realize ， 但是對于考試答題來說已經(jīng)足夠了，但是對于我們英語學習來說，要盡可能多的掌握同義表達，也就是我們常說的同義替換，豐富自己的語言知識的儲備，比如說本題，a host of , an ocean of 等都可以替換many , 而人的概念的表達就更為豐富了 ，people = person = individual = figure = character =folk 等，這一點應該引起各位考生和英語學習者的高度重視。 3）_ (大多數(shù)父母所關心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.答案：What most parents concern /What most parents are concerned about 本題較難，考點在于主語從句的使用。根據(jù)題干后半部分的英文，可推斷句子缺少主語，而“大多數(shù)父母所關心的”譯成英文后包含動詞，所以應使用主語從句。（七）比較級1. In my sixties, one change I notice is that_（我比以前更容易累了）. （2007.12.-88）答案：I have been/am more likely to get tired than before 解析 本題考查對表語從句和修飾語的比較級的掌握。另外本句也可翻譯成I get tired more easily than before.2I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _（它更加方便和省時）.（2007.12.-90）答案：shopping online /it is more convenient and less time-consuming/time-saving 解析 本題考查對it的指代作用和比較級用法的掌握。在這里，如果把“它”直接翻譯成it，會造成指代不明，所以要用shopping online表達。當然，還可以用the former來表達，也不會引起歧義。3. Since my childhood I have found that _(沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力). (2006.12-88)答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading/nothing attracts me more than reading。解析：根據(jù)本句結構可以看出要翻譯部分應為that 引出的賓語從句?！皼]有什么比對我更有吸引力”可用結構“nothing is more attractive to me than”表示。（八）猜測語氣1. Linda_(不可能收到我的電子郵件）：otherwise, she would have replied（2011.12-88）解析：couldnt have received my e-mail 本題考察混合型虛擬語氣。otherwise提示我們句子后半句是與過去事實相反（事實是Linda沒有回復），因此用could+have+過去分詞。句子前半句是在陳述一種事實，從句子后半句could have +過去分詞我們可以推斷前面“沒有收到我的電子郵件”也是在發(fā)生在過去，且對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響（還沒有收到回信），因此這里用現(xiàn)在完成時，could have +過去分詞。2. I cant boot my computer now. Something _(一定出了什么毛病) with its operation system. （2008.688） 答案：must be wrong考點must be 推測意義句型的考查。(九) 固定句型：1. the more -; the more- 越來越The more exercise you take,_(你越不大可能得感冒). (2009.12-91) 解析：the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold/the less likely you are to catch a cold【結構分析】本句的前半部分是從句，后半部分是主句。主句的主語是You。謂語是will have?！疽c解析】本題主要考查 the more，the less的用法。其用法與the more，the more一致，可翻譯為“越越”。固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻譯為be likely to do sth;固定搭配“感冒”，可翻譯為catch a cold?！驹渚g】鍛煉越多，你越不大可能感冒?！灸芰ν卣埂俊霸皆健本湫停哼@種句型表達為：the+比較級+句子，the+比較級+句子。若the more修飾名詞，則名詞要提前，直接置于the more后，如試題中句子：The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold2. in case +從句 以免Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天氣變冷). （2008.12-89）答案：in case/lest it turns cold/ in case of temperature drop 本題較難，考點在于“以防”概念的表達，其實這是一個表示“反面目的”的目的狀語從句，使用in case或 lest引導皆可。如果考生對寫作復習得比較全面，本題應該可以順利完成。二、考查詞和詞組的用法1. raise 籌款/ survivor 幸存者 Charity groups organized various activities to _(為地震幸存者籌款)。（2011.12-87）解析：raise money for the survivors of/from the earthquakeraise money for the people who survived the earthquake本題考察動詞raise的用法。raise money 表示“籌款”。同時考生要注意survivor （幸存者）的拼寫。2. consider考慮1) The publishing house has to _（考慮這部小說的受歡迎程度)。（2011.12-90）【解析】consider the popularity of this novel/ take the popularity of this novel into consideration本題考察了“考慮”的表達，可以用動詞consider，也可以用詞組take into consideration。同時考生要注意名詞popularity (受歡迎程度) 的拼寫。2) consider 考慮 take sth. into consideration 將-考慮在內The finding of this study failed to _ (將人們的睡眠質量考慮在內). （2007.6-87）答案：to consider the quality of peoples sleeping或take peoples sleeping quality into consideration【解析】本題考查的是consider 的動、名詞用法： 動詞consider sth.; 名詞詞組take sth. into consideration3. define 定義 It is absolutely wrong to _（僅僅以金錢來定義幸福）。（2011.12-91）【解析】define happiness only by money本題考察了“定義”的表達，為define。 4. persuade sb. into doing sth./ talk sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做了某事Although he was interested in philosophy, _ (他的父親說服他) majoring in law. (2011.6-91)解析：his father persuaded him into / talked him into（他的父親說服他）majoring in law.本題考察“說服某人做某事”的表達，persuade / talk sb. into doing sth.5. be said to do; 語法：被動態(tài)The significant museum_(據(jù)說建成于)about a hundred years ago. (2010.12-88)解析：is said to have been built【結構分析】本題句子的主語為the significant museum，缺謂語，即（據(jù)說建成于）about a hundred years ago為時間狀語?！究键c解釋】本題重點考查：被動語態(tài)。主語museum與動詞build之間為被動關系; 且bulid這一動作發(fā)生在過去。據(jù)說 be said to；be said to+ 動詞不定式的完成時，表示不定式表示的動作已經(jīng)完成?！驹渚尅繐?jù)說這座意義深遠的博物館大約建成于一百年前。6. concentrate on/ focus on ; have difficulty doing sth.Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _ (集中注意力在實驗上). (2010.6-87)解析：(in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experiment.本題考查兩個短語的用法，一個是have difficulty (in) doing sth，該短語中，后面的動詞要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。第二個短語是集中注意力，與此對應的有多個短語，如：focus/fix ones attention on, concentrate on。翻譯時需和前面短語的用法結合起來，把動詞變成ing形式。Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _(很難跟上班里的同學)(2009.6-87)答案： difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 7. look forward to doing / 語法：被動We look forward to _ (被邀請出席開幕式). (2010.6-89)解析：being invited to attend the opening ceremony.本題考查look forward to的用法，后面要跟名詞或者動詞的ing形式，而且要注意后邊是被邀請所以要用被動語態(tài)。8. give up +n./ doing Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _(放棄對知識的追求). (2009.12-88)解析：gave up pursuing knowledge【結構分析】 本句的主語是Mark。謂語是gave up pursuing knowledge。despite the hardship he encountered是despite引導的狀語從句。【要點解析】本題考查動詞give的搭配。“放棄”可譯為give up。 encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意為“遇到困難”。需要填寫的部分應該采用過去時?！皩χR的追求”可譯為pursuing knowledge.【原句精譯】盡管馬克遇到困難，但是他從未放棄對知識的追求?！灸芰ν卣埂縿釉~give的常見搭配。give up放棄，交出 例：When you graduate, will you give up your study? 你畢業(yè)后會不會放棄學習? give oneself up to獻身于，沉溺于，熱衷于 例：The boy gives himself up to electronic games. 這個男孩沉溺于電子游戲。give away泄露，出賣 例：He gave my secret away. 他泄露了我的秘密。give in屈服，讓步 例：You must give in your examination papers now. 你們現(xiàn)在必須把試卷交上來。9. keep pace with +n./doing；keep up with +n. doing 跟上1) Production has to be increased considerably to _(與消費者不斷增長的需求保持同步). (2009.12-90)解析：keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers【結構分析】本句的主語是Production，謂語是has to be increased，后面的to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers是目的狀語?！疽c解析】 固定搭配“與保持同步”，可以翻譯為keep pace with 或keep up with?！安粩嘣鲩L的”，可以翻譯為increasing，growing或rising?！靶枨蟆笨煞g為demands或needs?！跋M者”翻譯為consumer?！驹渚g】只有大幅提高產(chǎn)量才能與消費者不斷增長的需求保持同步。【能力拓展】keep pace with和并駕齊驅，跟上 例：We must work hard to keep pace with the development of modern technology. 我們必須努力學習才能跟上現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展。keep up with趕得上，和保持聯(lián)系 例：Students must work hard to keep up with their school work. 學生必須努力學習才能跟上功課。2) Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _(很難跟上班里的同學)(2009.6-87)答案： difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 點評：本題難度較小，考點非常明確，共有兩個：一個是考查四級核心詞組keep up with sb (跟上某人)，二是考查核心短語have difficulty in doing sth (做某事是有困難的)，對于這兩個詞組，考生們應該不會陌生，都屬于核心短語和詞組，特別是第二個詞組have difficulty in doing sth ，在2006年6月的大學英語四級考試中，第一個翻譯題就曾經(jīng)考查過類似的短語，即have trouble in doing sth (做某事是有困難的)，這再次說明了真題的重要性，所以考生要對真題的考點完全掌握并能舉一反三。 10. be likely to do 可能； Its said that 從句 據(jù)說1） It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _(更有可能增加體重) (2009.6-89)答案：more likely to put on weight 點評：本題的難度在五個題目中可以說是最低的，考點也非常明確，而且在歷年的四級考試中多次出現(xiàn)，首先判斷本題應該使用短語be likely to 來表示“有可能做某事”，而“減肥”的表達為put on weight ，除此之外，還要特別注意一點，就是題目中表達的是“更有可能”，注意加上more ，所以答案為more likely to put on weight . 除此之外，我們還應該掌握其相關表達，比如說lose ones weight (減肥)，go on diet(節(jié)食)等。 2）In my sixties, one change I notice is that_（我比以前更容易累了）. （2007.12.-88）答案：I have been /am more likely to get tired than before 解析 本題考查對表語從句和修飾語的比較級的掌握。另外本句也可翻譯成I get tired more easily than before.3) Some psychologists claim that people_(出門在外時可能會感到孤獨). (2006.12-90)答案：are likely to/may/might feel lonely when (they are) away from home解析：根據(jù)本句結構可以看出要翻譯部分為由that 引導的賓語從句中的謂語結構。“可能會”可用be likely to 來表達也可以使用情態(tài)動詞may/might。“感到孤獨”可譯為feel lonely?！俺鲩T在外”可以譯為時間狀語從句“when they are away from home.”10. be related to sth. 與- 有關The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _(與缺乏鍛煉密切相關) (2009.6-91)答案：closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise 被動態(tài)點評：本題的考點總的來說有兩個，一是對固定搭配的考查，而是對修飾關系的考查：具體來說，be linked to = be related to (與有關)以及the lack of exercise(缺乏鍛煉)兩個固定搭配，另外，closely related 是修飾關系的考查，確切的說是副詞與動詞的修飾關系，這也是我們一貫強調的搭配概念，搭配的概念貫穿于英語學習的始終，一個學生的搭配能力決定了你的英語水平的高低，希望大家仔細體會。11. run ones own business 創(chuàng)業(yè); decide to do sth.Through the project, many people have received training and_ (決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè)). （2008.12-90）答案：decided/determined/resolved to launch/run their own business 本題較簡單，考點在于中文概念“創(chuàng)業(yè)”的表達，應為launch/run ones own business。 12. be applied to -（被）應用于；Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research_(能應用于新技術的開發(fā)). （2008.687）答案：can be applied to the development of the new technology 被動態(tài)考點 apply一詞的用法。apply to表示“應用于；適用于”；apply for表示“申請”。 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。13. compare A with B 將A與B進行比較； be compared with 與進行比較_ (與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. （2008.690）答案：Compared with the place where I was brought up 被動態(tài)考點分詞做狀語；where引導的定語從句。14. is measured by 用-來衡量 被動態(tài)Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _（是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的），not how much they can earn. （2007.12.-91）答案：is measured by how much they can borrow 解析 本題考查對measure的掌握。measure后面通常用by sth.來搭配。另外也可以用in terms of來搭配。所以本句也可翻譯成is measured in terms of how much they can borrow15. quit +n. 停止，放棄Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (決定退出比賽). （2007.6-89）答案: decided/decides/has decided to quit the watch 【解析】本題考查的是動詞短語decide to do sth.。另外，“中途退出”，“半道辭去”的英語表達法為：quit sth.。16. contact sb. by/on/via 按和某人聯(lián)系To make donations or for more information, please _ (按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系). （2007.6-90）答案: contact us by/via/on the following address 【解析】本題考查的是固定短語：用什么方式與人聯(lián)系：contact sb. by/via/on,類似的表達方法有：contact sb. via email , contact sb. on phone number等等。 17. adjust to +n./doing 適應-Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(適應不同文化中的生活).(2006.12-87)答案：adjust/adapt to living in a different culture。解析：根據(jù)本句結構可以看出要翻譯部分為不定式短語?！斑m應”可用詞組adapt.to/adjust.to來表示。注意to后應該加名詞或動名詞?！安煌幕械纳睢笨勺g為 life in a different culture。18. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難1) Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _(很難跟上班里的同學)(2009.6-87) 答案： difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates /