江蘇省永豐初級中學中考英語 書面表達專題系列指導.doc

書面表達專題系列指導一中考命題作文的基本要求1.學生要有扎實的英語基本功底，對教材內容熟悉，英語基礎知識牢固，對英語的書寫、標點符號、詞法、語法、句法等都要表達正確。2.無論是寫作內容還是體裁都要按照命題要求。采用正確的行文格式，敘述層次要分明，結構要嚴謹，句式排練要整齊，段落過渡要自然，富有調理性。說理性文體，要講清道理，層層遞進，做到以理服人。3.文章內容前后照應，詞語運用準確到位，語言流暢，言簡意賅，內容充實，敘事完整，主題突出。二命題作文的寫作技巧1.要認真審題，弄清所寫的內容，確定人稱、時態(tài)，同時關注題材、體裁、格式。寫作文最重要的是先審清題目，確立要表現的中心。同時要注意時態(tài)是否正確：1）故事性文章一般用過去時，其中表達感受時可用現在時。2）說明性或議論性文章一般用現在時，舉例時可用過去時。3）根據題目要求也會出現時態(tài)的交錯使用，比如過去和現在的對比。4）如果句中出現時間狀語，時態(tài)要遵循時間狀語，比如句中有in+時間段時，用將來時態(tài)。4）注意句中人稱是否一致。例如：on my way home, i met a friend of mine. 5)特別要注意文章的格式是否正確，不同的文體其格式和寫作方法是不一致的。2.找全信息點，緊扣主題，突出重點。一定要把作文題目反復讀3遍，找出所有的信息點（包括隱含的），并且在稿紙上列出要點，并把要點按照從主到次的順序逐一排練，動筆時依次寫，這樣可以做到重點突出，也可以根據題目的要求，適當增加合理內容，但是注意不能跑題或者喧賓奪主。3.成文時表述正確，文字流暢。絕不要按照漢語提示一一對應翻譯出，而要使用所學表達方法把語意表達出來，即用所學知識將題目的要求表達出來。為了使得文章完整流暢，動筆時首先要考慮句子結構（如主謂語、主系表等等），同時注意短語的正確使用和單詞的拼寫，盡量使用課本上學過的詞、短語、句式，力求用你十拿九穩(wěn)的語言形式來寫，切切不要為了賣弄水平高而使用你不大懂的語言形式來寫。寫作時應該多用簡單句，少用無把握的復合句。若遇到表達障礙，可以換用一種說法，將一句變成三句，只求達意。4.寫句子時要連貫，層次分明，切不能沒有條理。句子之間要連貫通達，特別要注意上下句的邏輯關系，適當使用遞進、讓步、轉折、因果等關聯詞語，使文章層次分明，過渡自然，條理明晰。寫作文不能“腳踩西瓜皮，滑到哪里是哪里。”一般而言，作文要分段寫，至少要有頭、有身、有尾。作文一般要分這樣五個層次：1）開始句2）向主體過度句 3）主體敘述 4）向結尾過度 5）結尾。第一層開始句起著點題的作用，80字的作文一定要開門見山。也就是第一句就能讓人感覺到你將要寫什么。但是往往是概括性地籠統地指出。所以往往是一句話就解決問題。第二層往往是在第一層的基礎上具體指出某人或某事。第三層就這個某人或某事進行詳細的敘述或議論或描寫。但一般以3至4句為宜。因為中考作文的字數是60至80字之間，字數不足和過于超過都要扣分。所以應該及時向結尾過渡，完成第四層，多半以談感覺為主。在主體敘述和結尾之間起著承上啟下的作用。但也應該一句話解決問題。過渡的梯子搭好了，也就能夠圓滑地圓滿地結尾了。結尾的一句話往往是感慨、感想、感嘆之類的句子。這樣6至8句的作文，每句平均10字左右 （每個句子的字數根據含義的需要調整），最后寫好的作文就應該是在60至80字之間了。5.最后檢查修改，之后抄寫到答題卷上。抄寫到答題卷上前，要檢查所寫內容是否涵蓋了題目所要求的全部信息點，時態(tài)、人稱是否一致，句子結構是否清晰，短語使用、單詞拼寫是否準確，段落結構是否合理，以及大小寫、標點符號是否正確，句子是否有語病，行文是否連貫、條理明晰等等。三、常用連接詞。1.表示時間順序的過渡詞：first of all, firstly/first, to begin with/to start with, secondly/second/and then, finally, in the end, at last. 2.表示轉折對比關系的過渡詞：however, but ,although+從句，on the one hand,on the other hand, some.,while others, even if/even though, in spite of., as for3.表示因果關系的過渡詞：because, since, so, as a result, therefore, then, thus, otherwise, for this reason, that is the reason why .4.表示舉例說明的過渡詞：for example+句子；for instance+句子; such as+n./doing 5. .表示解釋說明關系的過渡詞：in fact, actually, in this case , in other words. 6. .表示遞進關系的過渡詞：besides, also, and, then, moreover, again, whats more.7.表示自己觀點的過渡詞：in my opinion, i think , i believe, i suppose. 8. .表示目的關系的過渡詞：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, to 9. 表示強調關系的過渡詞：in fact, indeed, necessarily, certainly, truly, above all, most important. 10. .表示總結關系的過渡詞：in all, in short, in total, finally, at last, in the end, in a word, in a sentence, in conclusion, to sum up, its obvious that, there is no doubt that, everyone knows that., from the point of view.(according to point of view.).專題一 提示性作文-家庭、朋友和周圍的人相關句型：1. he is my. 2. hes very funny/calm/quiet/outgoing/confident/generous/hard-working/kind-hearted/warm-hearted3. hes of medium height( build). 4. he is short(tall) with a big(small) nose /he is short(tall) with big(small) eyes. 5. he has short(long) /curly(straight )/black(blonde) hair 6.he is helpful. he gets on( along) well with 7.he used to be,but now he is 8.his life has changed a lot in the last(past) few years/great changes have taken place in his life in recent years(over these years/for years) 9. he wants to be.when he grows up. 10. he is going to be in the future. 11.he likes(enjoys/feels like) playing the basketball./his hobby(interest) is 12.he is very strict with sb in sth. 13. he is kind/nice/friendly/good to sb. 14. he is interested in/he shows great interest in 15. my field of work is.i guess thats why im always interested in.我的工作范疇是有關。我猜這也是為何我會一直對。保持有高度興趣的原因。16. i enjoy (a certain hobby) whenever i have some free time.當我有所空閑時比較喜歡做些（某個興趣和愛好）。17. my favorite foods/books/movies/activities to do during free time are.我最喜歡的食物/書籍/影片/最熱衷的業(yè)余活動是。18. a long-time dream of mine has always been.一直以來我的一個長遠理想是。19.he has a stable personality and a high sense of responsibility. 他個性穩(wěn)重、具高度責任感。20. he is energetic, fashionable , and positive with bright mind他.精力旺盛、思想新潮頭腦積極、靈活。21.描述人物外貌和性格特征的常用詞語:good-looking（長得好看的）funny-looking（長相滑稽的）ugly-looking（長得難看的）ordinarylooking（長相一般的）white-haired（白頭發(fā)的warm-hearted（熱心腸的）kind-hearted（好心的）absent-minded（心不在焉的）bad-tempered（脾氣不好的）near-sighted（近視眼的）far-sighted（遠視的）tall（個高的）short（個矮的）pretty（漂亮的）naughty（淘氣的）lovely（可愛的）easy-going（溫和寬容的smart（精明的）wise（明智的）bright（聰明的）diligent（勤奮的）lazy（懶惰的）clever（聰明的）healthy（健康的）humorous（幽默的）funny（滑稽的）silent（沉默的）attractive（有吸引力的）talkative（多話的）22.描述人物心情的常用詞語：sad（難過的）happy（高興的）excited（興奮的）pleased（高興的）satisfied（滿意的）angry（生氣的）worried（擔心的）disappointed（失望的）terrified（恐懼的）friendly（友好的）anxious（焦慮的）curious（好奇的）范文：my grandfather(我的爺爺) my grandfather is in his seventies now. he is a kind and warm-hearted old man.he used to live with my family. at that time he always spent more than one hour examining my homework every day. when i was ill, he took good care of me. he showed great concern.grandfather is very warm-hearted to his neighbors and is always ready to help them.one day, a girl who is one of his neighbors injured her leg carelessly. my grandfather took her to the hospital at once and paid the fees with his own savings.now my grandfather is living in another city with my aunt. my parents and i all miss him very much. and i hope that i can go to visit him soon.我姥爺70多歲了，他是一位和藹、熱心的老人。他過去和我們一起住。那段日子里，他每天都花一個多小時的時間檢查我的功課。在我生病時，細心照料我。他非常疼愛我。姥爺對鄰居們也很熱心，總是樂于助人。一天，鄰居家的女孩不慎摔傷了腿，姥爺馬上帶她到醫(yī)院去，并用自己的積蓄幫她支付藥費?，F在姥爺和我阿姨一起住在另一個城市。我和爸爸媽媽都很想他。我希望不久就能見到他。作文練習一 :親愛的同學，你即將初中畢業(yè)了，在這三年的學習生活中 ，你一定結交了許多好朋友。請你用英語寫一篇短文，介紹你的一位好朋友li lei。 要點如下：*他樂于助人，性格外向，興趣廣泛。* 他成績優(yōu)秀，經常在學習上幫助我，*我準備送一個。以表達感謝*我對他的祝福和希望。注意： 詞數80100，開頭已經為你寫好，但不計詞數；短文必須包括所有要點，不要逐詞逐句翻譯，可適當增加細節(jié)或發(fā)揮，文章中不得出現真實校名、人名等相關信息。 we are graduating from school soon. i miss so many good friends, especially my best friend-li lei. 專題二 興趣、愛好重點句型：（1）i want to join theclub. （2）i like action movies and thrillers, but i dont like soup opera.（3）i like music that i can dance to. （4）ann likes music thats quiet and gentle. （5）we prefer music that has good lyrics. （6） my hobby is swimming, so i often go swimming on weekends. （7）im interested in( /im good at) playing the guitar because it is good for me. （8）i really enjoy playing computer games, but i have a lot of homework. so i have to spend much time doing my homework and reading some books. （9）im willing to help my mother do some cleaning. i really feel very tired, but its good for me to understand my parents. （10）i used to play soccer with my good friends after class every day, but now i hardly ever play soccer or do other sports. my parents think my hobby takes me a lot of time. （11）my favourite is（12）i likebest. （13）i prefer（13）i would rather do than do（14）我非常喜歡電影、音樂和書籍，當然，還有運動，比如羽毛球、跳繩等，我覺得電影讓我間接的經歷了一些人生，音樂帶給我非常美妙的感觀和心理享受，而書籍，則給了我非常多的指導。i like film, music and books very much. i also like sports, such as playing badminton，rope skipping and so on. i think that the film makes me experience the life indirectly , the music brings me very good feeling of enjoyment, while the books give me much guidance/instruction/help. （15）do you have any hobbies? 你有什么愛好嗎？/what are you interested in? 你對什么比較感興趣？/what are your interests? 你的愛好是什么？/what do you do in your spare time? 空閑時間你干什么？i am a michael jordan fan. 我是邁克爾喬丹迷。/do you go on picnics