核心詞匯突破系列課程-第4節(jié)(通版版).doc

31. base/oralOn most days, our grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions. (2014.湖南閱讀B)大部分日子里，我們的成績是基于我們對作業(yè)問題的口頭答案。basebesn. 基礎；基地；（棒球）壘 v. 基于拓basic a. 基礎的配at the base of 在的基部be based on/upon 以為基礎/根據(jù)的baseon例Their relationship was based upon mutual respect.他們之間的關系以相互尊重為基礎。a novel (which is) based on his lifeBasing his film on the novel, he won great popularity.Ones success is based on how hard he has tried. 一個人的成功基于他的努力程度。（2005 重慶） lie in, consist inoralrla. 口述的，口頭上的拓orally ad. 口頭上配oral English 英語口語oral exam 口試oral communication 口頭交流例Michael was late for Mr. Smiths oral class this morning. 邁克爾今天早上在史密斯先生的口語課上遲到了。（2006 江西）32. complete/usual /according to /calculationThis particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations. (2014.湖南閱讀B)在這次特別的時間里，我根據(jù)自己的估計完成了一慣的兩個或三個問題。completekmplita. 完全的 vt. 完成，結(jié)束例I stood there and couldnt believe in that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. 我站在那里簡直不敢相信一個完全的陌生人會如此體貼。（2009 浙江）considerate But before the owner completed the sale with me, his wife changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me additional dollars to return the farm to him. 但是在這個所有人與我完成買賣之前，他的妻子改變主意了，希望能留著它，于是他加價讓我返還他的農(nóng)場。（2008 四川）Sun, sand and romance - her holiday wascomplete.陽光、沙灘加上浪漫的愛情她的假期完美無缺。Their engagement came as acomplete surpriseto me.他們訂婚使我感到非常意外。This is acomplete waste of plete with sth裝備有某物; 具有某特點: be equipped withThe housecomes complete withswimming pool and sauna.這棟房子配備有游泳池和桑拿浴設備。usualThis shop is open for businessasusualdespite the shortages.盡管商品短缺，這家店還是照常營業(yè)了。usual practice It s usual practice to exchange business cards at the beginning of the meeting.習慣；慣例 (ROUTINE)according tokd tprep. 按照，根據(jù)拓accordingly ad. 因此；相應；于是例Which of the following is true according to the text? 根據(jù)文章，以下哪一個是對的？（2009 山東）Calculationby sbs / some / many calculationsBy some calculations, the population will reach 8 million soon.據(jù)一些人估算，人口很快將達到八百萬。calculateklkjuletv. 計算，核算，推測calculator 計算器配calculate on/upon 期待，指望例Since the beginning of the spread of AIDS in 1981, about 11.7 million people have died of it. It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone, about 2, 3 million people died of it. 自1981年艾滋病開始傳播以來，大約有1170萬人死于該病。據(jù)粗略計算，單1997年就有大約兩三百萬人死于該病。（2007 湖北）33.characteristic /optimism /alive /remindMy characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteenteaching english. (2013.浙江閱讀D)只有當我想到我將從事我十四歲以來的我想做的事情教英語，我特有的樂觀才會復活。characteristickrktrstka. 典型的，獨特的 n. 特征，特點be characteristic of sth / sb是 的特征；特點；品質(zhì):The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society.需要交流是人類社會最重要的一個特征。With the hospitality socharacteristicofthese people, they opened their house to over fifty guests.這些人生性好客，他們敞開家門接待了五十多位客人。She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.她說話帶著特有的熱情。optimism /ptmzm/樂觀；樂觀主義Judging from/by your examination results, I think you have cause/grounds/reason forcautiousoptimismabout getting a university place.從你的考試成績來看，我認為你有理由對在大學得到一席位持謹慎的樂觀態(tài)度。optimisticp.tms.tk樂觀的She isoptimisticabouther chances of winning a gold medal.她對贏得金牌很樂觀。alivelava. 活著的，存在的拓living a. 活著的配be buried alive 被活埋come alive 睡醒; （地方）變得繁忙，熱鬧起來，活躍起來; 顯得逼真；變得有趣；鮮活起來alive to 認識到例Though a doctor told Karen that she would soon follow her husband into death, she is still alive. 盡管有位醫(yī)生告訴凱倫她不久就會隨她的丈夫死去，但是她現(xiàn)在仍然活著。（2007 湖北）The city centre really comesaliveat the weekend.到了周末，市中心就變得十分熱鬧。Shes a writer who really knows how to make her characters come alive.她是一位真正懂得如何把人物塑造得栩栩如生的作家。Be aware ofSchools must be alive to technological change.學校必須意識到技術的變化。remindrmandvt. 提醒，使記起構(gòu)re- （回）+mind （v. 在乎，介意）拓reminder n. 提醒物；提示配remind sb. of 提醒某人remind about 提醒例While reading Platos The Republic, for example, I needed to keep looking at the introduction of the book to remind myself what the text was about. 比如，在閱讀柏拉圖的理想國時，我需要不停地參閱前言來提醒我這本書到底是說什么內(nèi)容的。（2007 四川）1比較下面兩句：He reminded meto writethe letter.（他有意地或無意地提醒我，叫我寫那信。）He reminded meof writing the letter.（他有意地或無意地使我想起寫過那信。）2remind 的賓語后面可以接以 that，how 等詞引導的從句。例如：He reminded methatI ought to do it at once.和 He reminded mehowcareful I ought to be in doing it.3“某人（A）remind 某人（B）of某人（C）”往往作“A 在外貌上像 C，所以使 B 見了 A 便想起 C”解。例如：You remind meofAddison.（你在外貌上像 Addison，所以使我見了你便想起 Addison。）這用法有時也用在比喻里。例如：He reminded meofa tiger.（他在外貌上像虎，所以使我見了他便想起虎。）reminder/rmand/提醒記憶之物serve/act as a reminderThe cold served as a reminder that winter wasn t quite finished.寒冷提醒人們冬天還沒有過去。34. confident /textbook /behaviour /disappear /positive / attentionSo I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behaviour would disappear as I gave my students positive attention.(2013.浙江閱讀D)我確實這樣做了，正如教科書上所說，當我積極地關注我的學生時，他們的壞的行為會消失。confidentknfdnta. 自信的；確信的形近記憶：confidential a. 秘密的高考考點：be confident of對有自信詞匯擴充：confidence n. 信心，自信例句精選：We are confident of success.我們確信會成功。I have complete confidence in you.我對你絕對有信心。Confident 后面接 of 或以 that 引導的從句，不接不定式，如可以說 I am confidentofsuccess（或 succeeding）和 I am confidentthatI shall succeed，不可說 I am confidentto succeed。confidentialknfdenla. 秘密的，機密的例句精選：The information is strictly confidential.這個信息是嚴格保密的。textbook n.教材 adj.典范的；合乎規(guī)范的；典型的 typicalIt was atextbookexampleof how to deal with the problem.這是如何處理此問題的一個范例。behaviour /bhevj/舉止；行為1BAD: Such a behaviour can easily cause offence.GOOD: Such behaviour can easily cause offence.Behaviour為不可數(shù)名詞2BAD: Sometimes Juan has a very strange behaviour.GOOD: Sometimes Juan behaves very strangely.GOOD: Sometimes Juans behaviour is very strange.BAD: There are very few people having such a behaviour.GOOD: Very few people behave in such a way.不要說have+behaviour, 用behaviour+be或behave+ adverbdisappeardspvi. 消失構(gòu)dis-（否定前綴）+appear （v. 出現(xiàn)）拓appear v. 出現(xiàn)配disappear into the air 不知去向，消失得無影無蹤例Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. 事實上，過去的幾十年已經(jīng)見證了森林逐漸消失、全球不斷變暖了。（2011 全國）We looked for her but she haddisappearedintothe crowd.我們找尋她，但她已在人群中消失了。positivepztva. 明確的，肯定的，積極的拓negative a. 消極的，負面的 +aboutYouve got to be more positive about your work.你必須更積極地對待自己的工作。positive attitude / approach / outlook etc例Shes got a really positive attitude to life.她對生活抱有非常樂觀的態(tài)度。the power ofpositive thinking樂觀思想的力量Think positive! she advised herself. “往積極的方面想！”她勸自己。Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. 2/3受訪的家庭表示他們和寵物貓、寵物狗之間關系良好。（2011 廣東）attentiontennn. 注意；注意力；照料構(gòu)atten(d)（照料）+tion（名詞后綴）拓attentively ad. 注意地配pay attention to 注意attract /draw /catch ones attention 引起某人的注意stand to attention 立正bring sth. to ones attention 使某人注意某事distract ones attention from分散注意力例The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. 向蜜鳥發(fā)出尖叫，這一聲引起了路過的動物和人的注意。（2012 云南）Theyre organizing a campaign todrawpeoplesattentiontothe environmentally harmful effects of using their cars.他們正在組織一場運動，目的是使人們意識到開車對環(huán)境造成的危害。35. strict/demanding/fire/inexperienced/observe/exhibitBy the time my boss, who was known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise. (2013.浙江閱讀D)我的上司，素以嚴格、苛刻和快速炒缺乏經(jīng)驗的老師的魷魚而聞名，走進教室觀察我的時候，學生的行為很糟糕，無可稱贊的地方。Strictstrkta. 嚴格的，嚴密的拓strictly ad. 嚴格地，確實地配strict control 嚴格控制strict with sb.對要求嚴格be strict in sth.對要求嚴格例However, the popular teacher is at the same time the one who should be strict with students. 然而，受歡迎的老師同時也是對學生要求嚴格的人。（2006 遼寧）Demanding /dmnd/要求高的；費時費力的a demanding job 費時費力的工作Firefan. 火；火爐；火災 vi. 開火，開（槍，炮等），開除；射擊拓firefighter n. 消防人員fireplace n. 壁爐firewood n. 木柴firework n. 焰火配catch fire 著火set fire to 點燃on fire 燒著be fired (out) 俚被解雇play with fire 玩火，干危險的事例His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time, so he went to the doctor for help. 如果他上班還是遲到的話，老板就會解雇他，所以他去向醫(yī)生求助。（2011 四川）They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out. 它們（指滅火器）必須在發(fā)生火災時能立即投入使用。（2006 安徽）Fire 使充滿激情，激發(fā)I had a brilliant English teacher whofiredmewithenthusiasm for literature at an early age.我有過一位出色的英語老師，在我很小的時候就激起了我對文學的熱情。Talk of treasure and lost cities hadfiredtheirimaginations.這些關于寶藏和失落的城市的傳聞讓他們浮想聯(lián)翩。Inexperienced經(jīng)驗不足的，不熟練的:They areinexperiencedwhen it comes to decorating.說到裝修，他們就沒有什么經(jīng)驗了。Observebzvv. 觀察，監(jiān)視，觀測拓observation n. 觀察；觀察力observer n. 觀察者配observe on 談論observe a rule 遵守規(guī)則observe the discipline 遵守紀律例I observed a number of intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a regular class. 我看到一些天才兒童被從特殊班里抽出來安排到了普通班。（2011 廣東）People mustobservethe law. Nobody should be an exception.人們必須遵紀守法，誰都不應該例外。1observe（無意間注意到）的賓語后面的不定式?jīng)]有 to。例如：I observed him go out.但假使把 observe 改作被動語態(tài)，那不定式便該有 to。例如：He was observedtogo out.2下面兩句意思略有不同：I observed himgoout.（我無意間注意到他出去。）I observed himgoingout.（我無意間注意到他正在出去。）第二句著重在那個人正在出去而恰巧被我看見。exhibitgzbtvt. 展覽，陳列，顯現(xiàn) expose-exposure拓exhibition n. 展覽，陳列例Shes beginning to exhibit symptoms of stress. 她開始表現(xiàn)出緊張的癥狀。Heexhibitedgreat self-control considering her rudeness.她那么無禮，他表現(xiàn)得如此克制已經(jīng)很好了。exhibitioneksbnn. 展覽；展覽會構(gòu)exhibit （vt. 展覽，陳列，顯現(xiàn)）+ -ion（名詞詞綴）配exhibition centre 展覽中心exhibition hall 展覽館例They went to an exhibition of modern art yesterday. 昨天，他們參觀了現(xiàn)代美術展覽。36. strength/identify / weakness He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.Strengthstren. 力量，力氣構(gòu)str(oe)ng （a. 強）+th（名詞后綴）拓strengthless a. 無力量的strengthen vt. 加強，增強配with all ones strength 盡力例Im trying tobuild upmystrength.我在努力增強體力。Be aware of your ownstrengths and weaknesses.要清楚你自己的長處和短處。We need someone who has the inner strength to take on a difficult job.我們需要意志堅強的人來承擔重任。(意志力)Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. 漸漸地，桑德斯開始立志鍛煉身體，增加他的速度和力量。（2006 浙江）strengthenstrenvt. 加強，增強構(gòu)strength （n. 力量，力氣）+en（動詞后綴）拓weaken v. 削弱例strengthen sths ties / bonds / links etcThe university hopes to strengthen its ties with the local community.這所大學希望加強和當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的聯(lián)系。The organizations aim is tostrengthenthe cultural ties between Britain and Germany.這個機構(gòu)的宗旨是加強英德兩國的文化聯(lián)系。It strengthens ones ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important form a large quality of data. 它可以增強一個人解決問題的能力，溝通的能力，梳理各種想法和問題的能力，說服的能力，在大量數(shù)據(jù)中獲取最重要信息的能力。（2007 江西）identify aden.t.fa 認出，識別; 確定；發(fā)現(xiàn)You need toidentifyyour priorities.你需要確定自己優(yōu)先要做的事情。identify with sb與某人產(chǎn)生共鳴；諒解；同情sympathize with:I didnt enjoy the book because I couldnt identify with any of the main characters.我不喜歡這本書,因為我無法與其中的任何主要角色產(chǎn)生共鳴。weakness wiknsn. 軟弱；弱點構(gòu)weak （a. 差的，弱的）+ -ness （名詞后綴，表“性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)”）拓strength n. 力量；優(yōu)點配have a weakness for 迷戀，無法抗拒strengths and weaknesses 優(yōu)缺點例In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. 在動物王國，軟弱會招致其他動物的攻擊。（2011 全國）37. express/emotion/satisfaction/recordI did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from my experiences recorded on paper. (2013.湖北閱讀A)expresskspresvt. 表達；表示 n. 快車，特快專遞構(gòu)ex（前綴，“外，外部”）+press （v. 壓，擠）express（由“擠出外面”引申為“表達”）拓expression n. 表達；表情expressive a. 表達的；富于表情的配express oneself 表達自己的思想（感情，意見）air express 特快空運；空運郵件例For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. 一個領導要道歉的話，需要一個很好很強大的理由。（2011 江蘇）expressionksprenn. 表達；詞句；說法；表情構(gòu)express （v. 表達）+(s)ion（名詞后綴）拓expressional a. 表現(xiàn)的，表情的expressionless a. 無表情的，缺乏表情的配beyond expression 無法形容，難以表達facial expression 面部表情give expression to 陳述（表達出）例Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. 面部表情所傳達的意義由（所處的）形式和（對話雙方的）關系決定。（2012 全國）Emotionmnn. 感情，情緒，激情例Our faces show emotions, but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. 我們臉部能顯示感情，但我們不應以“解讀”自己文化中的人的面部表情的方式去“解讀”另一種文化中的人。（2012 全國）emotionalmnla. 情感的，情緒的例Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life. 學業(yè)很重要。但如果你沒有情商，那么在職場和情場你將不會成功。（2012 北京）satisfactionstsfknn. 滿意構(gòu)satisf(y) （v. 滿意）+action （名詞后綴）satisfaction n. 滿意拓satisfactory a. 滿意的，贖罪的配feel satisfaction at 對感到滿意find satisfaction in 對感到滿意with satisfaction 滿意地例Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction. 莎倫滿意地看著那幅已畫完的油畫。（2012 全國）She derived/obtained greatsatisfactionfrom/out ofhelping other people.她幫助別人，從中獲得無比的滿足。satisfystsfavt. 滿足，使?jié)M意構(gòu)satis（拉丁詞根表示足夠）+fy（動詞后綴）拓satisfied a. 感到滿意的satisfying a. 令人滿足的，令人滿意的satisfy sbs needs / demands / desiresThe program is designed to satisfy the needs of adult learners.這一課程是為滿足成年學習者的需要而設計的。I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. 我有足夠的積蓄放一年的假不工作，我決定設法滿足內(nèi)心的渴望來寫一本小說。（2012 四川）satisfiedstsfada. 滿足的，滿意的構(gòu)satisf(y) （vt. 滿足，使?jié)M意）+(i)ed （形容詞后綴）配be satisfied with 對感到滿意例If not satisfied, return everything within 10 days, and then youll get your money back and there will be no further obligation. 若不滿意，十日之內(nèi)一切商品均可退貨，您無需承擔更多責任就可拿回退款。（2005 遼寧）recordrkdv. 錄制，記錄rekdn. 記錄；唱片拓recording a. 記錄的；記錄用的配break the/a record 打破紀錄hold record 保持紀錄on the record 記錄在案的，公開發(fā)布的record holder 紀錄保持者例Do you mind if I record your lecture? 你介意我錄下你的演講嗎？（2008 江蘇）She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set over thirty world records. 她已經(jīng)六次贏得了倫敦輪椅馬拉松，超過了其他任何競爭對手，而且她還創(chuàng)造了三十多項世界紀錄。（2008 福建）recorderrkdn. 錄音機構(gòu)record （n. 紀錄；唱片 v. 錄制，記錄）+ -er （名詞后綴）38. treasure/symbol/appreciation/pride/matchTo me, it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things. (2013.湖北閱讀B)treasuretren. 金銀財寶，財富拓treasurable a. 可珍愛的，可珍藏的配treasure hunt 尋寶priceless treasure 無價之寶例I shall alwaystreasurethosememoriesof her.我會一直珍藏對她的回憶。By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past,archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures. 通過告知公眾水下“博物館”的過去和了解其重要性，考古學家們希望得到法律的支持來保護水下寶藏。（2006 重慶）symbolsmbln. 象征，符號拓symboliz(s)e vi. 采用象征；使用符號；作為的象征例Of all systems of symbols (符號), language is the most highly developed. 在所有的系統(tǒng)符號中，語言是最高度發(fā)展的。（2005 北京）Knowing our products are symbols of social change is really encouraging. 得知我們的產(chǎn)品是社會變革的象征，實在令人鼓舞。（2009 浙江）Appreciationappreciatepriietvt. 賞識，欣賞；感激；重視配appreciate doing sth. 感激做了某事Id really appreciate it. 我很感激。appreciate for sth. 為而感激例It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 最近當我重新讀了他的詩后我開始欣賞這些詩的美了。（2008 陜西）Its a city from many places, and a multicultural marketplace will help Torontonians to understand and appreciate the rich variety of cultural groups in our city. 它是由多個地方組成的城市，多元文化市場可以幫助多倫多人理解、感激我們城市文化的豐富多樣化。（2005 山東）appreciationpriienn. 欣賞，鑒賞，感謝構(gòu)appreciat(e)（v. 賞識，欣賞）+ -ion（名詞后綴）配self appreciation 自我欣賞例As he grew older, his appreciation of art grew. 隨著年齡的增長，他對藝術的鑒賞力也提高了。Children rarely show anyappreciationof/forwhat their parents do for them.孩子對父母為自己所做的一切鮮少表現(xiàn)出感激之情。Pridepradn. 自豪，驕傲拓proud a. 驕傲的，自豪的配take pride in 以自豪put ones pride in ones pocket 忍辱負重例One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing ones sense of pride and self-dependence. 一個人可以貧窮，但絕不能失去自尊和自立。（2005 江西）matchmtvt. 使相配，使成對 n. 比賽，競賽；火柴配match against/with 使與相競爭例At first I was not quite willing to sit down and watch the 90-minute football match. 一開始，我不太情愿坐下來觀看長達90分鐘的足球比賽。（2005 浙江）You can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. 你可以從他們臉上稍帶困惑的表情看出，這個地方跟地圖上顯示的完全不匹配。（2009 福建）39. memorize/wheneverI usually memorize twenty words a day and put them to use whenever possible.(2010江蘇寫作)Memorizememrazv. 記?。皇煊洏?gòu)memory （n. 回憶，記憶）+ -ize （動詞后綴）拓memorization n. 記住，默記配memorize words 記單詞memorize ones part 記住某角色的臺詞例If you memorize a poem, you can say it without looking at a book. 你若記住一首詩，不看書就能脫口而出。wheneverwenevconj. 每當，無論何時構(gòu)when （conj. 當?shù)臅r候 ad. 什么時候）+ever （ad. 到底，曾經(jīng)）拓anytime ad. 任何時候，總是，無例外地，在任何時候配or whenever 或者任何時候whenever possible/necessaryUse fresh vegetables whenever possible. 只要可能盡量用新鮮蔬菜。Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record, so did carbon dioxide level. 科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論何時冰凍記錄里溫度上升，二氧化碳水平也會上升。（2005 天津）40. explain /basic/ principle/ simple/ arouse/ curiosity/ discovery/ scientificUsually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way and can arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.(2014浙江寫作)explain ksplenvt. 解釋，說明拓explanation n. 解釋，說明配explain to 向解釋，說明explain yourself 說明自己的意思例How can I explain to my parents that I need some free time? 我怎么跟我的父母解釋我需要空余時間呢？（2008 浙江）1explain 用在以 that 引導的從句前面作“說（作為說明）”解，并沒有“說出的原因”的意思，如 He explained that he could not come 是“他說他不能來”。不是“他說出他不能來的原因”。 2explain 不可有雙賓語，如不可說 He explained me all those words 或 He explained me that he could not come。這兩句都該在 me 前面加上 to。explanationeksplnenn. 解釋，說明構(gòu)explain （vt. 解釋，說明）+ -ation（名詞詞綴）拓explain vt. 解釋，說明例While space may hold many wonders a