庫(kù)存控制.ppt

1 InventoryManagement Lec 5 1 LiuJinpingTransportationManagmentCollegeDalianMaritimeUniversityEmail tojinping 2 Outline NewwordsTermsWhatisinventory WhyIsInventoryRequired SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyKeyInventorydecisionsABCInventoryclassification 3 NewWords inventory stock庫(kù)存warehousing倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)Work in process在制品finishedgoods產(chǎn)成品spareparts維修配件safetystock安全庫(kù)存inventoryturnover庫(kù)存周轉(zhuǎn)returnonassess資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率inventorycarrying holdingcost庫(kù)存持有成本backorder延期交貨定單 4 Anitemisasingletypeofproductwhichiskeptinstock itisoneentryintheinventory 產(chǎn)品項(xiàng) orSKU stockkeepingunit 庫(kù)存持有單位 Orproductline Terms Aunitisthestandardsizeorquantityofastockitem 5 Terms Stockavailability 可得性 可獲得性 isthecapabilitytohaveinventorywhendesiredbyacustomer Isthemostcommonmeasurementofcustomerserviceandinventory Isusuallydefinedaspercentinstockinsomebaseunit order productline dollar e g 98 從客戶(hù)的角度還可叫訂單滿足率 Orderfillrate Orderleadtime 訂單前置時(shí)間 orOrdercycle 訂單周期 Theorderleadtimetraditionallyincludesonlythoseactivitiesthatoccurfromthetimeanorderisplacedtothetimeitisreceivedbythecustomer Terms E marketplaceExtranets 外特網(wǎng) E mail EDI PhoneFax Post Verify checkorderCreditcheckingCheckinventoryavailabilityPreparingshippingdocuments OrOrderpicking FromorderisplacedonthevehicleTilltheorderisreceivedandunloaded 7 Whatisinventory Differencebetweeninventory warehousing 8 Byproductionprocess Rawmaterial work in process FinishedGoods Whatisinventory 9 Inventoryrefersto Whatisinventory rawmaterial work in process finishedproductsrequiredforthecreationofcompanies goodsandservices also thenumberofunitsand orvalueofthestockofgoodsacompanyholds 10 Outline NewwordsTermsWhatisinventory WhyIsInventoryRequired SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyKeyInventorydecisionsABCInventoryclassification 11 Whydocompaniesholdinventory 12 Outline NewwordsTermsWhatisinventory WhyIsInventoryRequired SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyKeyInventorydecisionsABCInventoryclassification WhyIsInventoryRequired WhyIsInventoryRequired ShorterproductlifecyclesMorecompetingproducts Uncertaintyincustomerdemand Uncertaintyinsupplies QuantityQualitySuppliercostDeliverytime Deliveryleadtimes Incentivesforlargershipments SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicy Replenishmentleadtime SupplychainFactors differentproducts Lengthoftheplanninghorizon costs Servicelevelrequirements Estimationofcustomerdemand OrdercostInventoryholdingcost SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicy 1 Estimationofcustomerdemand2 Replenishmentleadtime3 Thenumberofdifferentproductsbeingconsidered4 Thelengthoftheplanninghorizon5 CostsOrdercost ProductcostTransportationcostInventoryholdingcost orinventorycarryingcost Statetaxes propertytaxes andinsuranceoninventoriesMaintenancecosts 維護(hù)成本 Obsolescencecost 過(guò)時(shí)成本 Opportunitycosts 機(jī)會(huì)成本 6 Servicelevelrequirements 16 Question TheaverageinventoryofXYZcompanyisvaluatedat 500 000 Theannualcarryingcostofthecarryingtheinventoryis20 ofprodutvalue Whatistheannualcostofcarryinginventory InventoryCarryingCosts 500 000X20 100 000 Answer Inventorycarryingcostisalwayscalculatedbyusingapercentageofthedollarvalueoftheproduct E g 20 ofproductvalue KeyInventorydecisions Uncertaindemandmakesdemandforecastcriticalforinventoryrelateddecisions Whattoorder Whentoorder Howmuchistheoptimalorderquantity ApproachincludesasetoftechniquesINVENTORYPOLICY 18 Outline NewwordsTermsWhatisinventory WhyIsInventoryRequired SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyKeyInventorydecisionsABCInventoryclassification 19 MethodsforReducingInventory ABCanalysisForecastingAdvancedorderprocessingsystemsVMI vendor managed inventory 供應(yīng)商管理庫(kù)存 CPFR collaborativeplanningandforecastingrequirement 協(xié)同規(guī)劃預(yù)測(cè)與補(bǔ)貨 20 ABCanalysis checkLec 3 2andp208 OrPareto s 帕雷托 Ruleor80 20RuleBasedona19thcenturymathematician sobservationthatmanysituationsweredominatedbyaveryfewelements RankingsystemDevelopedin1951byH FordDickyofGeneralElectric SuggestedthatGEclassifyitemsaccordingtorelativesalesvolume cashflows leadtime orstockoutcost ThedefinitionofABCinventoryclassificationcanbefoundinLec3 2 21 ABCanalysis 80 sales profit products customers 20 50 30 A B C Theprecisesplitbetweencategorieswillvaryfrombusinesstobusinessandfrommarkettomarket 22 Paretoanalysis sometimesreferredtoasthe80 20ruleandasABCanalysis istheclassificationofitemsininventoryaccordingtoimportancedefinedintermsofcriteriasuchassalesvolumeandpurchasevolume p669 ABCanalysis 23 ABCanalysis 20 ofproductorcustomersmayprovide80 ofsalesorprofit andthissectioniscalled A category thenext50 orsoarelabeled B providing15 ofsalesorprofit Thefinal30 arecategory C ALines fastmoversBlines mediummoversClines slowmovers ApplicationsinthecontextoflogisticsInventorycontrolCustomerprofitabilityWarehouselayout 24 ABCInventoryclassification Steps Selectsomecriteria 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) suchassalesrevenueDatacollectionRank 排列 itemsindescending 降序 orderCalculatethecumulative 累加 totalsalespercentageforeachitemAssigntheitemsintoABCgroupsMap Practice