英語人教版八年級下冊現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài).doc

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)1、 構(gòu)成：助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞（Vp.p）2、 用法：影響、結(jié)果、持續(xù)和經(jīng)歷。3、 時間狀語：1） 常見副詞：never, ever, just, before, already, yet.2） 詞組：so far, ever since, up to now, in / during the last / past year / month表示次數(shù)的詞組或名詞：once, twice, three / sever / times.3） 介詞短語：for + 時間段， since + 時間點， since + 時間段落+ ago4） 句型：A It is / has been + 時間段 + since + 一般過去時的從句B 時間段 + has passed + since + 一般過去時的從句4、 區(qū)別：have/has been to 和have/has gone tohave/has been to 表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地，人已經(jīng)回來“have/has gone to 表示“去了某地，人還沒有回來“5、 瞬間性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞：瞬間性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，需要改為延續(xù)性動詞或者狀態(tài)性動詞；但可以用于否定句。部分瞬間動詞的變化改寫如下：1）buy / give - have 2) borrow / lend - keep3) get to know -know4) catch a cold - have a cold5) come / get back / return - be back6) fall asleep / ill - be asleep / ill7) leave - be away (from)8) die - be dead9) begin - be on10) close - be closed11) open - be open12) get up - be up13) finish / end - be over14) make / become good friends - be good friends15) join the army - be in the army / be a soldier16) join the League / Party - be in the League / Party - be a League / Party member17) come / go / arrive / reach / get / move - be (in / at)6、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：have/has been + Vp.p7、 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。8、 自我檢測：一、 用 been to , been in 或 gone to 填空； 1、-Where is your mother? -She has _ the shop. 2、The Greens have _ Qingdao for years now. 3、John has _ England in his car. He is still staying there. 4、Have you ever _ America? -Yes, Ive _ New York twice. 5、We have _ this class since September.二、 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1、I _ (be) like this ever since last night. 2、I lost my pen and I _ (not find) it yet. 3、Two months _ (pass) since he _ (leave) here. 4、Its the third time that I _ (see) him this year. 5、The meat _ (cut) into pieces already.三、 改錯： 1、So far, no man read this book. 2、How long have you come here? 3、The parents meeting has begun for ten minutes. 4、It was ten years since I bought this coat. 5、We have known each other since two years. 6、He said they had never seen the film ago. 7、I have been to Beijing. So have my sister. 8、He has worked there since the factory has opened. 9、We have known his by five years. 10、I had a bad cold for a week.四、 選擇填空：( )1、My father _ to Wuhan. He _ there two months ago. A. has gone, went B. has been, has gone C. went, has been D. has been, went( )2、Shes picked few apples, _? A. has she B. hasnt she C. is she D. isnt she( )3、How long have you _ the book? -Since I _ it last week. A. bought, bought B. had, bought C. had, had D. had, got( )4、Tom and Mike _ good friends ever since they were at school. A. were B. become C. have been D. have become( )5、He _ his home for ten years. A. has left B. left from C. has been away from D. has left from( )6、Neither you nor she _ abroad. A. has been to B. has been C. has gone to D. has gone( )7、How long have you _ the book? A. borrowed B. bought C. kept D. returned( )8、Grandpa _ cold since last Sunday. A. has caught B. has had a C. had a D. has been had a ( )9、This factory has _ for nearly 50 years. A. open B. opened C. been open D. been to open( )10、Great changes _ during the last 15 years. A. took place B. have take place C. take place D. have been taken place( )11、Her leg _ on twice so far. A. has operated B. operated C. has been operated D. has been operate( )12、My brother _ for ten years.A. has joined the Army B. has joined the Party C. has been a League member D. has joined the Greener China( )13、-Have you finished your work _ , Kate? -No, not _. But Jim has _ finished his.A. yet, yet, already B. yet, already, already C. already, yet, yet D. already, already, yet( )14、His father has bought a green car _.A. since last month B. just now C. already D. for four weeks賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。它有三大要素，即：引導(dǎo)詞， 語序和時態(tài)。1） 引導(dǎo)詞;1、 引導(dǎo)陳述句時用that （但在口語中可以省略）。例：Im sure that well win.2、 引導(dǎo)一般疑問句用if / whether 。例：I dont know if / whether it will rain tomorrow.但要注意下列情況只能用 whether, 而不能用 if.a. 用在句首時 例：Whether he will leave for Beijing is still a problem.b. 接不定式時 例：She cant decide whether to give him a call.c. 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中。 例：I want to know whether you can mend my bike or not.d. 作介詞賓語時 例：Were talking about whether Mr. Smith is an Englishman.3、 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句時，特殊疑問詞就是引導(dǎo)詞。例：I dont know what his name is.2） 語序;賓語從句要用陳述句的語序， 即：引導(dǎo)詞 + 主語 + 謂語 + 其它。當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語時，則引導(dǎo)詞后就直接接謂語。例：I dont know who went there.3） 時態(tài);a. 當(dāng)賓語從句中主句謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句可用任何一種時態(tài)。b. 當(dāng)賓語從句中主句謂語動詞為一般過去時態(tài)時，從句只能用過去的某一時態(tài)。c. 從句中敘述的是客觀真理，自然規(guī)律等時，無論主句的謂語動詞為什么時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)只能用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例：The teacher told us the sun rises in the east. 注意：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為 think, believe 等時，從句若是否定，則要否定前移。 例： I think he cant come. () I dont think he can come. () 另外賓語從句句末的標(biāo)點符號由主句決定。 4) 自我檢測： 一、把下列句子連在一起： 1、He wants to speak to the headmaster. He says. 2、Jim is away on a trip. He told them. 3、Where will she go this afternoon? I wanted to know. 4、Who is taking care of the baby? She asked. 5、Why doesnt he go swimming? I didnt know. 6、Is the answer right? I wondered. 7、Will the meeting last long? Please tell me. 8、Has he been away for two days? Mary asked. 9、Chickens cant swim. I think. 10、The earth goes round the sun. The teacher told us. 二、選詞填空： that, who, what, whom, whose, which, how, where, when, why, if, whether1、Were talking about _ Mr. Smith is an Englishman. 2、The teacher knows _ the boy was late again. 3、I asked him _ he was writing to. 4、Do you know _ the Smiths will leave Haikou?. 5、They wanted to know _ she lived. 6、The teacher asked _ could answer the question. 7、Please tell me _ sweater this is. 8、Can you tell me _ is the way to the museum? 9、Can you show us _ we can search the Internet? 10、I didnt understand _ he said.11、She says _ she will leave a message on his desk.12、We wonder _ they will come tomorrow. 三、選擇填空： ( )1、-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car. A. that B. if C. how D. when( )2、Can you tell me _?A. where have you gone B. where you have gone C. where have you been D. where you have been( )3、She asked me _ to take part in the game. A. what B. that C. whether D. if( )4、She asked Jim _ he _ his purse.A. where, find B. what, had foundC. if, found D. whether, had found( )5、I wondered _.A. where he lives B. where he lived C. where does he live D. where did he live( )6、-Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow . -Yes, but if it _, well visit the museum instead.A. you have, will rain B. you will have, will rain C. you will have,