大學(xué)英語UNIT1-5課后題及翻譯.doc

2. UNIT 1I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words. 1. It implies, first a just conception of the ends of human life; secondly, a complete devotion to these ends; and thirdly, the attainment of these ends?3. goals2. Others, like Nietzsche, take the bull by the horns, and refuse to assume that life must have a meaning and believe that progress is in a circle, and human achievements are a savage dance, instead of a trip to the market.4. confront the question fearlessly3. The Chinese ideal of life is drunk through with this sentiment.5. overwhelmed by4. It is, I must say, a brilliantly simple ideal, so brilliantly simple that only the matter-of-fact Chinese mind could have conceived it, and yet one often wonders how the West could have failed to see that the meaning of life lies in the sane and healthy enjoyment of it.6. realistic; pragmatic5. Humanism occupies, for instance, a mean position between the other-worldliness of religion and the materialism of the modern world.7. midway8. TranslationI. Translate the following paragraph into English. 9. 林語堂在論人性時(shí)，詳述了人的尊嚴(yán)。他說，人類之所以優(yōu)于其他一切生物，因?yàn)槿祟惥哂杏蓭讉€(gè)要素構(gòu)成的尊嚴(yán)。首先，人有帶有游戲意味的好奇心，這種好奇心可看做是人類發(fā)展智慧的最早跡象。第二，人類有夢幻。人生活在一個(gè)真實(shí)的世界里，卻有著夢想另一個(gè)世界的能力和傾向。他說，世界就像一個(gè)點(diǎn)菜餐館，每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為鄰座點(diǎn)的菜肴總比自己點(diǎn)的菜肴更加誘人、更加可口。第三，人類有幽默感。他給幽默感很高的評價(jià)。他認(rèn)為，幽默與敏銳的感覺、合乎情理的精神以及頭腦探知矛盾、愚蠢和糟糕邏輯的微妙能力聯(lián)系在一起。幽默是人類智能的最高形式。林語堂還細(xì)致討論了個(gè)性主義的理念。他認(rèn)為，就文化而言，對某一文化的最后判斷是看它產(chǎn)生怎樣的男人和女人。他還用儒家的觀點(diǎn)來闡明自己的看法：身修而后家齊，家齊而后國治，國治而后天下平。10. Hints11. 詳述 elaborate on12. 優(yōu)于 be superior to13. 點(diǎn)菜餐館 a la carte restaurant14. 給幽默感很高的評價(jià) eulogize humor immensely15. 個(gè)性主義 the doctrine of the individual16. 儒家 Confucianism17. 身修而后家齊 when personal life is cultivated, then home life is regulated18. Key19. When he talks about being human, Lin Yutang elaborates on human dignity. He says that human beings are superior to any other living creatures thanks to human dignity which consists of several elements. First of all, human beings have playful curiosity, which could be the first signs of developing human intelligence. Secondly, human beings have dreams. A man has the capacity and tendency to dream of another world though living in a real world. He says that the world is just like an a la carte restaurant where everybody thinks that the food the next table has ordered is invariably much more inviting and delicious than his own. Thirdly, human beings have a sense of humor. He eulogizes humor immensely, thinking that humor goes with good sense and the reasonable spirit, plus some subtle power of the mind in detecting inconsistencies and follies and bad logic. Humor is the highest form of human intelligence. Lin Yutang also talks in detail about the doctrine of the individual. He holds that the final judgment of any particular culture is what type of men and women it turns out as far as culture is concerned. He also uses the argument of Confucianism to illustrate his own point that when personal life is cultivated, then home life is regulated; when home life is regulated, then national life is regulated, then the world is at peace. 20. UNIT 2I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words. 1. Their sloppiness is merely the unfortunate consequence of their extreme moral rectitude.21. absolute moral righteousness and correctness 22. Someday they are planning to alphabetize all their books and set up home catalogs.23. arrange in alphabetic order24. But while these ambitious plans take clearer and clearer shape in their heads, the books spill from the shelves onto the floor, the clothes pile up in the hamper and closet, the family mementos accumulate in every drawer, the surface of the desk is buried under mounds of paper and the unread magazines threaten to reach the ceiling.25. are gradually formed and developed26. Neat people are bums and clods at heart.27. lazy and stupid 28. What they want to do is get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and watch the rasslin on TV.29. finish quickly what they have to do 30. Neat people cut a clean swath through the organic as well as the inorganic world.31. destroy ruthlessly the main part of 32. TranslationI. Translate the following paragraph into English. 33. 作者認(rèn)為，整潔的人與隨意的人的根本差異是道德上的。前者將整潔放在至高的位置，做事遵循兩條不變的原則：從不兩次處理任何事；扔掉一切東西。他們頭腦清醒，目標(biāo)明確，但他們十分冷漠，以至在他們看來，人、動(dòng)物、物品都是一樣的東西。與前者形成鮮明對照的是，后者往往頭腦里充滿了各種各樣、一時(shí)沖動(dòng)的浪漫奇想。他們的理想太完美了，事實(shí)上是難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。更為重要的是，隨意的人有一顆愛心，他們似乎對一切都有情感依戀。從某種意義上，我們可以這么說，大多數(shù)政治家和將軍是屬于第一種類型的人，而大多數(shù)詩人和藝術(shù)家則是屬于第二種類型的人。34. Hints35. 至高的位置 above everything else36. 不變的原則 unvarying principles37. 與前者形成對照的是 In sharp contrast; Contrasted with the former38. 浪漫奇想 romantic whims39. 愛心 loving heart 40. 情感依戀 sentimental attachments41. Key42. The author holds that the fundamental difference between neat people and sloppy people is moral. The former place neatness above everything else and work on two unvarying principles: Never handle any item twice; and throw everything away. They are clear-minded and objective, but they are so indifferent that people, animals and things are all one to them. In sharp contrast, the latter fill their minds with all kinds of romantic whims and their ideals are just too perfect to come true in reality. Whats more, the latter have a loving heart and seem to show sentimental attachments to everything. In a way, we may conclude that most statesmen and generals fall into the former category while most poets and artists belong to the latter type. 43. UNIT 3I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words. 1. For years we have had it drummed into usin print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversationthat any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil.44. repeatedly made known to; repeatedly forced upon 2. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged.45. produced the result opposite from what was intended 3. The individual who has learned how to make the correlation between such threshold pains and their cause doesnt panic when they occur; he or she does something about relieving the stress and tension.46. pains of a certain level above which some effects will reveal 4. The more famous the athlete, the greater the risk that he or she may be subjected to extreme medical measures when injury strikes.47. forced to undergo 6. But his team is battling for a place in the World Series; so the trainer or team doctor, called upon to work his magic, reaches for a strong dose of Butazolidine or other powerful pain suppressants.48. create supernaturally wonderful effect 7. Little wonder that so many star athletes are cut down in their prime, more the victims of overzealous treatment of their injuries than of the injuries themselves.49. forced to drop out at the top of their career 8. But their indiscriminate and promiscuous use is making psychological cripples and chronic ailers out of millions of people.50. mentally unbalanced or disabled individuals51. sufferers of long-term poor health 9. The unremitting barrage of advertising for pain-killing drugs, especially over television, has set the stage for a mass anxiety neurosis.52. endless and overwhelming outpouring 53. TranslationI. Translate the following paragraph into English. 54. 無知是我們理性生活的最大障礙之一。對病痛的無知就是一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?。很多人幾乎不知道，疼痛并不總是表明健康狀態(tài)極糟，而經(jīng)常是壓力、擔(dān)憂、無聊、枯燥，甚至是睡眠不足、飲食過量或缺乏鍛煉造成的。更為糟糕的是，他們對疼痛十分敏感。結(jié)果，醫(yī)生的辦公室里擠滿了各種因疼痛病而前來就醫(yī)的人。醫(yī)生往往處在一個(gè)進(jìn)退兩難的境地。一方面，他們在病人身上找不到引起疼痛的器質(zhì)性病因；另一方面，他們又怕忽視一些癥狀，而這些癥狀可能是潛在的無法治愈疾病的先期警告。另外，如果對于疼痛的根本原因一無所知的情況普遍存在的話，那么對于止痛藥的藥物性一無所知的情況也會變得同樣普遍。濫用止痛藥的危險(xiǎn)在于：或許止了疼痛卻沒有解決嚴(yán)重隱患。人們一般認(rèn)為，止痛藥之王是阿司匹林藥片。阿司匹林藥片無需處方即可出售。然而，長期不間斷使用該藥片也可能是致命的。因此，讓人們了解疼痛以及止痛藥，將此作為普及教育的一個(gè)組成部分極其重要。這樣，人們就會懂得疼痛起始階段的各種情況，懂得止痛藥的藥物性及其副作用，恰當(dāng)?shù)靥幚硖弁床±?5. Hints56. 理性生活 intelligent life57. 恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?a case in point58. 更為糟糕的是 What is worse59. 擠滿了 be overloaded with60. 處在一個(gè)進(jìn)退兩難的境地 caught in a dilemma 61. 器質(zhì)性原因 organic cause62. 無法治愈疾病 incurable illness63. 普遍存在 widespread64. 隱患 underlying condition65. 疼痛起始階段 “threshold” variety of pain66. 藥物性 medical substances67. Key68. Ignorance is one of the biggest obstacles to our intelligent life. Ignorance about pain is a case in point. Pain is not always the indication of broken health. Many people have little knowledge about the fact that it is frequently the result of stress, worry, idleness, boredom, even insufficient sleep, overeating or inadequate exercise. What is worse, they are most pain-conscious. As a result, doctors offices are overloaded with people with ailments of pain. The doctors tend to be caught in a dilemma. On one hand, they can find no organic cause of pain in the patient. On the other hand, they are afraid that they may ignore symptoms which could be a warning of a potentially incurable illness. In addition, if ignorance about the nature of pain is widespread, ignorance about the nature of pain-killing drugs will be likewise widespread. The danger of the abuse of pain-killing drugs is that they may deaden the pain without correcting the grave underlying condition. Aspirin is commonly regarded as the king of all pain-killers. And aspirin is permitted to be sold without prescription. However, the drug can be lethal in sustained doses. So it is extremely important to make knowledge about pain and pain-killing drugs part of popular education, so that the individual understands the “threshold” variety of pain, the medicinal substances and side effects of pain-killing drugs and deals with the case of pain properly.69. UNIT 5I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words. 1. when I wandered hour after hour among the streets, bewildered and almost intoxicated with beauty, feeling as a poor man might who has pinched all life, and made the most of single coins, and who is brought into the presence of a heap of piled-up gold, and told that it is all his own.70. stimulated or excited by71. used to the greatest advantage72. I remember myself, as a child, visiting Oxford, and thinking that some of the buildings were almost shamefully ruinous of aspect; now that I am wiser I know that we have in these battered and fretted palace-fronts a kind of beauty that fills the mind with an almost despairing sense of loveliness, till the heart aches with gratitude, and thrills with the desire to proclaim the glory of the sight aloud.73. decayed in appearance74. is filled with75. is excited by76. These black-fronted blistered facades, so threatening, so somber, yet screening so bright and clear a current of life .77. reflecting; showing78. but the very blackness of the city air, and the drifting smoke of the town, gives that added touch of grimness and mystery that the country airs cannot communicate.79. sense; suggestion80. reveal clearly; manifest81. . and personally I prefer that ecclesiasticism should be more of a flavour than a temper; Schoolmen I mean that though I rejoice to think that sober ecclesiastical influences contribute a serious grace to the life of Oxford, yet I am glad to feel that the spirit of the place is liberal rather than ecclesiastical.82. a thing that people can choose freely as they please 83. a prevailing standard of belief or conduct; state of the mind84. It is an endless pleasure to see the troops of slim and alert young figures, full of enjoyment and life, with all the best gifts of life, health, work, amusement, society, friendship, lying ready to their hand.85. companionship; company 86. TranslationI. Translate the following paragraph into English. 87. 牛津大學(xué)對許多人有著神奇的魔力。她被認(rèn)為是一座播下美麗和情感、智慧和理解種子的花園。在那里，古典的建筑將希臘的心智精神和羅馬的尊貴浩氣融為一體。她有其獨(dú)特的魅力：美妙的鐘聲，高貴的簡樸，寧靜的莊嚴(yán)，不可遏制的激情，青春活力的浪潮，熾熱的希望。各種慷慨和細(xì)膩的精神都向她致意，各種心靈見到那里的鐘塔和圓頂、圍墻和樹叢，都會感到一種無法言喻的興奮。在那里，你會盡情汲取古典學(xué)問的養(yǎng)料，驚嘆人類文明一座座不朽的紀(jì)念碑；你會為脈動(dòng)的現(xiàn)代生活感到興奮不已，萌發(fā)一種去創(chuàng)造新世界的沖動(dòng)。在那里，你會樹立從近期的成功到永恒的輝煌的各種理想。從某種意義上說，牛津大學(xué)不僅是讓你走向世俗成功的學(xué)校，更是你的精神生活的天堂。因此，若有機(jī)會在牛津大學(xué)求學(xué)，你就能享受一種“不聞窗外事”的樂趣。88. Hints89. 播撒的種子 sow the seeds of90. 高貴的簡樸 stately simplicity91. 寧靜的莊嚴(yán) quiet solemnity92. 不可遏制的激情 unbridled enthusiasm93. 無法言喻的興奮 inexpressible thrill 94. 古典學(xué)問的養(yǎng)料 nutriments of classical learning95. 人類文明不朽的紀(jì)念碑 imperishable monuments of human civilization96. 精神生活的天堂 paradise for spiritual life97. Key98. The University of Oxford casts a magic spell over many people. It is deemed as a garden where the seeds of beauty and emotion, of wisdom and understanding are sown. Over there, classical buildings fuse the intellectual spirit of Greece and the dignified magnificence of Rome. Its special charm lies in melodious bells, stately simplicity, quiet solemnity, unbridled enthusiasm, the tide of youthful life, and ardent hope. All spirits, generous and delicate, pay homage to it and all hearts feel an inexpressible thrill at the sight of its towers and domes, its walls and groves. You are likely to find yourself immersed in the nutriments of classical learning, wondering at imperishable monuments of human civilization, and to find yourself greatly stirred up by the beating pulse of modern life, feeling an urge to create a new world. You are likely to set ideals which extend from immediate success to immortal glory. In a sense, the University of Oxford is not only a school to make you an earthly success, but also a paradise for your spiritual life. So you may enjoy a kind of satisfying isolation if you are granted an opportunity to pursue studies in the University of Oxford.99. UNIT 5I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words. 1. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils, and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every mans bosom with opposing advantages every hour.100. spreads or prevails forcefully benefits or profits101. gains 2. On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fight renews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities.102. wins; prevails3. Such an irreconcilable antagonism, of course, must have a correspondent depth of seat in the human constitution.103. be equally deep-rooted in human nature4. Conservatism stands on mans incontestable limitations; reform on his indisputable infinitude104. depends on 105. state or quality of being unlimited5. Conservatism tends to universal seeming and treachery, believes in a negative106. fate107. pays attention to 6. Nature does not give the crown of its approbation, namely, Beauty, to any action108. the best it has to offer 1. Translate the following paragraph into English. 109. 人們由于生活的哲學(xué)理念截然相反，形成了兩種沖突的對立力量傳統(tǒng)保守者和革新自由者。前者滿足于業(yè)已建立的等級制度，后者則努力去建立一種他們認(rèn)為更好的新的宇宙秩序。他們倚重的是完全不一樣的東西：前者強(qiáng)調(diào)輝煌的往昔，后者則主要關(guān)注玫瑰般的將來。前者將自己的觀點(diǎn)建立在人類無可否定的局限性之上，后者卻堅(jiān)信人類有著不容置疑的無限可能性來改善自己、完美自己。若前者走遠(yuǎn)了，就會顯示出對一種基本上不復(fù)存在的過去的懷戀，從而會阻礙對更美好未來的追求；若后者太過了，他們會懷抱浪漫的夢想，變得不切實(shí)際。如果人生有春、夏、秋、冬四季，我們往往在春夏兩季是