土木工程專業(yè)英語[001].doc

英文土木工程專業(yè)詞匯1. 工程結(jié)構(gòu) building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其相關(guān)組成部分的總稱。2. 工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) design of building and civil engineering structures在工程結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠與經(jīng)濟(jì)、適用與美觀之間，選擇一種最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的結(jié)構(gòu)能滿足各種預(yù)定功能要求。3. 房屋建筑工程 building engineering一般稱建筑工程，為新建、改建或擴(kuò)建房屋建筑物和附屬構(gòu)筑物所進(jìn)行的勘察、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、安裝和維護(hù)等各項(xiàng)技術(shù)工作和完成的工程實(shí)體。4. 土木工程 civil engineering除房屋建筑外，為新建、改建或擴(kuò)建各類工程的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物和相關(guān)配套設(shè)施等所進(jìn)行的勘察、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、安裝和維護(hù)等各項(xiàng)技術(shù)工作和完成的工程實(shí)體。5. 公路工程 highway engineering為新建或改建各級公路和相關(guān)配套設(shè)施等而進(jìn)行的勘察、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、安裝和維護(hù)等各項(xiàng)技術(shù)工作和完成的工程實(shí)體。6. 鐵路工程 railway engineering為新建或改建鐵路和相關(guān)配套設(shè)施等所進(jìn)行的勘察、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、安裝和維護(hù)等各項(xiàng)技術(shù)工作和完成的工程實(shí)體。7. 港口與航道工程 port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering為新建或改建港口與航道和相關(guān)配套設(shè)施等所進(jìn)行的勘察、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、安裝和維護(hù)等各項(xiàng)技術(shù)工作和完成的工程實(shí)體。8. 水利工程 hydraulic haidr:lik engineering為修建治理水患、開發(fā)利用水資源的各項(xiàng)建筑物、構(gòu)筑物和相關(guān)配設(shè)施等所進(jìn)行的勘察、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、安裝和維護(hù)等各項(xiàng)技術(shù)工作和完成的工程實(shí)體。9. 水利發(fā)電工程（水電工程） hydraulic and hydroelectric haidrilektrik engineering以利用水能發(fā)電為主要任務(wù)的水利工程。10. 建筑物（構(gòu)筑物） construction works房屋建筑或土木工程中的單項(xiàng)工程實(shí)體。11. 結(jié)構(gòu) structure廣義地指房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其相關(guān)組成部分的實(shí)體，狹義地指各種工程實(shí)體的承重骨架。12. 基礎(chǔ) foundation將建筑物、構(gòu)筑物以及各種設(shè)施的上部結(jié)構(gòu)所承受的各種作用和自重傳遞到地基的結(jié)構(gòu)組成部分。13. 地基 foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground支承由基礎(chǔ)傳遞或直接由上部結(jié)構(gòu)傳遞的各種作用的土體或巖體。未經(jīng)加工處理的稱為天然地基。14. 木結(jié)構(gòu) timber structure以木材為主制作的結(jié)構(gòu)15. 砌體結(jié)構(gòu) masonry meisnri structure以砌體為主制作的結(jié)構(gòu)。它包括磚結(jié)構(gòu)、石結(jié)構(gòu)和其它材料的砌塊結(jié)構(gòu)。有無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)和配筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)。16. 鋼結(jié)構(gòu) steel structure以鋼材為主制作的結(jié)構(gòu)。其中由帶鋼或鋼板經(jīng)冷加工形成的型材所制作的結(jié)構(gòu)稱冷彎薄壁型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。17. 混凝土（砼）結(jié)構(gòu) concrete knkri:t structure以混凝土為主制作的結(jié)構(gòu)。它包括素混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)、鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)和預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)等。18. 特種工程結(jié)構(gòu) special engineering structure指具有特種用途的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物，如高聳結(jié)構(gòu)，包括塔、煙囪、桅、海洋平臺、容器、構(gòu)架等各種結(jié)構(gòu)。19. 房屋建筑 building在固定地點(diǎn)，為使用者或占用物提供庇護(hù)覆蓋進(jìn)行生活、生產(chǎn)或其它活動家的實(shí)體。20. 工業(yè)建筑 industrial building提供生產(chǎn)用的各種建筑物，如車間、廠前區(qū)建筑、生活間、動力站、庫房和運(yùn)輸設(shè)施等。21. 民用建筑 civil building; civil architecture指非生產(chǎn)性的居住建筑和公共建筑，如住宅、辦公樓、幼兒園、學(xué)校、食堂、影劇院、商店、體育館、旅館、醫(yī)院、展覽館等。22. 公路 highway聯(lián)結(jié)城市和鄉(xiāng)村，主要供汽車或其它車輛行駛并具備一定技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和設(shè)施的道路。23. 公路網(wǎng) highway network一定區(qū)域內(nèi)相互連絡(luò)、交織成網(wǎng)狀分布的公路系統(tǒng)。24. 高速公路 freeway具有四條或四條以上車道，設(shè)有中央分隔帶，并具有完善的交通安全設(shè)施、管理設(shè)施和服務(wù)設(shè)施，為全立交、全封閉，專供汽車高速行駛的公路。25. 干線公路 arterial highway在公路網(wǎng)中起骨干作用的公路，分國家干線（國道）、省干線（省道）。26. 支線公路 feeder highway在公路網(wǎng)中起連接作用的一般公路，即縣（縣道）和鄉(xiāng)（鄉(xiāng)道）等公路。27. 鐵路（鐵道） railway; railroad用機(jī)車牽引運(yùn)貨或運(yùn)旅客的車廂組成列車，在一定軌距的軌道上行駛的交通運(yùn)輸線路。28. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距鐵路 standard gauge railway在直線地段，軌距為1435mm的鐵路。29. 寬軌距鐵路 broad gauge railway在直線地段，軌距大于1435mm的鐵路。30. 窄軌距鐵路 narrow gauge railway在直線地段，軌距小于1435mm的鐵路。31. 鐵路樞紐 railway terminal 在鐵路網(wǎng)點(diǎn)或網(wǎng)端，由幾個協(xié)同作業(yè)的車站、引入線路和聯(lián)絡(luò)路線組成的綜合體。32. 鐵路車站 railway station設(shè)有各種用途的線路，并辦理列車通過、到發(fā)、列車技術(shù)作業(yè)及客貨運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)的分界點(diǎn)。33. 港口 port; harbour具有水陸聯(lián)運(yùn)條件和設(shè)施，供船舶安全進(jìn)出和停泊以進(jìn)行貨物裝卸作業(yè)或上下旅客以及軍事用的交通運(yùn)輸樞紐。34. 港口水工建筑物 marine structure供港口正常生產(chǎn)作業(yè)的臨水或水中建筑物。35. 通航（過船）建筑物 navigation structure; navigation construction在欄河閘、壩或急流卡口等所形成的水位集中落差處，為使船舶或排筏安全順利地航駛而修建的水工建筑物。36. 燈塔 light house在海洋、江河和湖泊航線中，指引船舶安全行駛、識別方位并設(shè)有發(fā)光樗的塔形建筑物。37. 水利 water conservancy為控制或調(diào)整天然水在空間和時間上的分布，防治洪水和旱澇災(zāi)害，合理開發(fā)和利用水資源而進(jìn)行的活動，如治河防洪，灌溉排水，水土保持，水力發(fā)電，內(nèi)河航運(yùn)與生活、工業(yè)、環(huán)境供水以及跨流域調(diào)水等。 38. 水利樞紐 multipurpose hydraulic project; key water-control project; hydro-junction 為治理水患和開發(fā)利用水資源，在各種水域的一定范圍內(nèi)修建的若干座作用不同而相互配合的水工建筑物組成的綜合體。39. 水庫 reservoir為治理河流和開發(fā)水資源，在狹谷或丘陵地帶河流上建檔水壩，利用天然地形構(gòu)成的蓄水設(shè)施。40. 水工建筑物 hydraulic structure; marine structure; maritime construction為水利、水利發(fā)電、港口與航道等工程修建的承受水作用的各種建筑物總稱。41. 檔水建筑物 water retaining structure; retaining works欄截水流、調(diào)蓄流量、壅高水位的水工建筑物。42. 進(jìn)水（取水）建筑物 intake structure人河流、湖泊、水庫等引進(jìn)水流、控制流量、阻攔泥沙及漂浮物的水工建筑物。43. 泄水建筑物 outlet structure; outlet works; sluice works在水利樞紐或輸水系統(tǒng)中，宣泄水量的水工建筑物。44. 輸水建筑物 conveyance structure向供水目標(biāo)輸送水量的水工建筑物。45. 整治建筑物 rcgulating structure; training structure rectification structure為整治河流、航道、具有調(diào)整河床邊界、改變水流結(jié)構(gòu)、影響泥沙運(yùn)動、控制河床演變等作用的水工建筑物。46. 水電站 hydro-electric station; hydropower station由河河湖海的沙灘有變?yōu)殡娔艿母鞣N設(shè)備及配套構(gòu)筑物組成的綜合體。47. 水泵站（抽水站、揚(yáng)水站、提水站） pump station設(shè)置抽水裝置及其輔助設(shè)備，將水送往高處的配套建筑物。48. 過木建筑物（過木設(shè)施） raftpass facility log pass facility供輸送竹、木材通過閘、壩等擋水建筑物的工程設(shè)施。49. 過鈿建筑物（過鉭設(shè)施） fishpass facility 供魚類通過攔河閘壩等擋水建筑物的工程設(shè)施。1. 綜合類大地工程geotechnical engineering 反分析法back analysis method基礎(chǔ)工程foundation engineering臨界狀態(tài)土力學(xué)critical state soil mechanics數(shù)值巖土力學(xué)numerical geomechanics土soil, earth土動力學(xué)soil dynamics土力學(xué)soil mechanics巖土工程geotechnical engineering 應(yīng)力路徑stress path應(yīng)力路徑法stress path method2. 工程地質(zhì)及勘察變質(zhì)巖metamorphic rock標(biāo)準(zhǔn)凍深standard frost penetration 冰川沉積glacial deposit冰積層（臺）glacial deposit殘積土eluvial soil, residual soil層理beding長石feldspar沉積巖sedimentary rock承壓水confined water次生礦物secondary mineral地質(zhì)年代geological age地質(zhì)圖geological map地下水groundwater斷層fault斷裂構(gòu)造fracture structure工程地質(zhì)勘察engineering geological exploration海積層（臺）marine deposit海相沉積marine deposit花崗巖granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化學(xué)沉積巖chemical sedimentary rock階地terrace節(jié)理joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst礦物硬度hardness of minerals礫巖conglomerate流滑flow slide陸相沉積continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow年粘土礦物clay minerals凝灰?guī)rtuff牛軛湖ox-bow lake淺成巖hypabyssal rock潛水ground water侵入巖intrusive rock取土器geotome砂巖sandstone 砂嘴spit, sand spit山巖壓力rock pressure深成巖plutionic rock石灰?guī)rlimestone石英quartz松散堆積物rickle圍限地下水（臺）confined ground water瀉湖lagoon巖爆rock burst巖層產(chǎn)狀attitude of rock巖漿巖magmatic rock, igneous rock巖脈dike, dgke巖石風(fēng)化程度degree of rock weathering 巖石構(gòu)造structure of rock巖石結(jié)構(gòu)texture of rock巖體rock mass頁巖shale原生礦物primary mineral云母mica造巖礦物rock-forming mineral褶皺fold, folding鉆孔柱狀圖bore hole columnar section3. 土的分類飽和土saturated soil 超固結(jié)土overconsolidated soil 沖填土dredger fill充重塑土凍土frozen soil, tjaele非飽和土unsaturated soil 分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉質(zhì)粘土silty clay高嶺石kaolinite過壓密土（臺）overconsolidated soil 紅粘土red clay, adamic earth黃土loess, huangtu(China)蒙脫石montmorillonite泥炭peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨脹土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固結(jié)粘土underconsolidated soil區(qū)域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil軟粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土sand濕陷性黃土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性圖plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus未壓密土（臺）underconsolidated clay無粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil巖石rock伊利土illite有機(jī)質(zhì)土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥質(zhì)土mucky soil 原狀土undisturbed soil雜填土miscellaneous fill正常固結(jié)土normally consolidated soil 正常壓密土（臺）normally consolidated soil 自重濕陷性黃土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性質(zhì)阿太堡界限Atterberg limits飽和度degree of saturation飽和密度saturated density飽和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均勻系數(shù)coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient觸變thixotropy單粒結(jié)構(gòu)single-grained structure蜂窩結(jié)構(gòu)honeycomb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指數(shù)plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指數(shù)級配gradation, grading 結(jié)合水bound water, combined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits顆粒級配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, grainness, grainage粒組fraction, size fraction毛細(xì)管水capillary water密度density密實(shí)度compactionness年粘性土的靈敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil平均粒徑mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系數(shù)coefficient of curvature三相圖block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram三相土tri-phase soil濕陷起始應(yīng)力initial collapse pressure濕陷系數(shù)coefficient of collapsibility縮限shrinkage limit土的構(gòu)造soil texture土的結(jié)構(gòu)soil structure土粒相對密度specific density of solid particles土中氣air in soil 土中水water in soil 團(tuán)粒aggregate, cumularpharolith限定粒徑constrained diameter相對密度relative density, density index相對壓密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction絮狀結(jié)構(gòu)flocculent structure壓密系數(shù)coefficient of consolidation壓縮性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指數(shù)liquidity index游離水（臺）free water有效粒徑effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size 有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water組構(gòu)fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最優(yōu)含水量optimum water content5. 滲透性和滲流達(dá)西定律Darcy s law管涌piping 浸潤線phreatic line臨界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函數(shù)flow function流土flowing soil流網(wǎng) flow net砂沸sand boiling滲流seepage滲流量seepage discharge滲流速度seepage velocity滲透力seepage force滲透破壞seepage failure滲透系數(shù)coefficient of permeability滲透性permeability勢函數(shù)potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基應(yīng)力和變形變形deformation變形模量modulus of deformation 泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution 殘余變形residual deformation殘余孔隙水壓力residual pore water pressure超靜孔隙水壓力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio次固結(jié)沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固結(jié)系數(shù)coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的彈性力學(xué)公式elastic formula for settlement calculation分層總和法layerwise summation method負(fù)孔隙水壓力negative pore water pressure附加應(yīng)力superimposed stress割線模量secant modulus固結(jié)沉降consolidation settlement規(guī)范沉降計(jì)算法settlement calculation by specification回彈變形rebound deformation回彈模量modulus of resilience回彈系數(shù)coefficient of resilience回彈指數(shù)swelling index建筑物的地基變形允許值allowable settlement of building剪脹dilatation角點(diǎn)法corner-points method孔隙氣壓力pore air pressure孔隙水壓力pore water pressure孔隙壓力系數(shù)Apore pressure parameter A孔隙壓力系數(shù)Bpore pressure parameter B明德林解Mindlin s solution紐馬克感應(yīng)圖Newmark chart切線模量tangent modulus蠕變creep三向變形條件下的固結(jié)沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement瞬時沉降immediate settlement塑性變形plastic deformation談彈性變形elastic deformation談彈性模量elastic modulus談彈性平衡狀態(tài)state of elastic equilibrium體積變形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固結(jié)壓力preconsolidation pressure壓縮層壓縮模量modulus of compressibility壓縮系數(shù)coefficient of compressibility壓縮性compressibility壓縮指數(shù)compression index有效應(yīng)力effective stress自重應(yīng)力self-weight stress總應(yīng)力total stress approach of shear strength最終沉降final settlement 7. 固結(jié)巴隆固結(jié)理論Barron s consolidation theory比奧固結(jié)理論Biot s consolidation theory超固結(jié)比over-consolidation ratio超靜孔隙水壓力excess pore water pressure次固結(jié)secondary consolidation次壓縮（臺）secondary consolidatin單向度壓密（臺）one-dimensional consolidation多維固結(jié)multi-dimensional consolidation固結(jié)consolidation固結(jié)度degree of consolidation 固結(jié)理論theory of consolidation固結(jié)曲線consolidation curve固結(jié)速率rate of consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)coefficient of consolidation固結(jié)壓力consolidation pressure回彈曲線rebound curve井徑比drain spacing ratio井阻well resistance曼代爾克雷爾效應(yīng)Mandel-Cryer effect潛變（臺）creep砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固結(jié)度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground時間對數(shù)擬合法logrithm of time fitting method時間因子time factor太沙基固結(jié)理論Terzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基倫杜列克擴(kuò)散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation先期固結(jié)壓力preconsolidation pressure壓密（臺）consolidation壓密度（臺）degree of consolidation 壓縮曲線cpmpression curve一維固結(jié)one dimensional consolidation有效應(yīng)力原理principle of effective stress預(yù)壓密壓力（臺）preconsolidation pressure原始壓縮曲線virgin compression curve再壓縮曲線recompression curve主固結(jié)primary consolidation主壓密（臺）primary consolidation準(zhǔn)固結(jié)壓力pseudo-consolidation pressureK0固結(jié)consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪強(qiáng)度安息角（臺）angle of repose不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度undrained shear strength殘余內(nèi)摩擦角residual angle of internal friction殘余強(qiáng)度residual strength 長期強(qiáng)度long-term strength單軸抗拉強(qiáng)度uniaxial tension test動強(qiáng)度dynamic strength of soils 峰值強(qiáng)度peak strength伏斯列夫參數(shù)Hvorslev parameter剪切應(yīng)變速率shear strain rate抗剪強(qiáng)度shear strength抗剪強(qiáng)度參數(shù)shear strength parameter抗剪強(qiáng)度有效應(yīng)力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪強(qiáng)度總應(yīng)力法total stress approach of shear strength庫侖方程Coulomb s equation摩爾包線Mohr s envelope摩爾庫侖理論Mohr-Coulomb theory內(nèi)摩擦角angle of internal friction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破壞準(zhǔn)則failure criterion十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度vane strength無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度unconfined compression strength有效內(nèi)摩擦角effective angle of internal friction 有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效應(yīng)力破壞包線effective stress failure envelope有效應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù)effective stress strength parameter有效應(yīng)力原理principle of effective stress真內(nèi)摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion總應(yīng)力破壞包線total stress failure envelope總應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù)total stress strength parameter9. 本構(gòu)模型本構(gòu)模型constitutive model邊界面模型boundary surface model 層向各向同性體模型cross anisotropic model超彈性模型hyperelastic model德魯克普拉格準(zhǔn)則Drucker-Prager criterion鄧肯張模型Duncan-Chang model動剪切強(qiáng)度非線性彈性模量nonlinear elastic model蓋帽模型cap model剛塑性模型rigid plastic model割線模量secant modulus廣義馮米賽斯屈服準(zhǔn)則extended von Mises yield criterion廣義特雷斯卡屈服準(zhǔn)則extended tresca yield criterion加工軟化work softening 加工硬化work hardening 加工硬化定律strain harding law劍橋模型Cambridge model柯西彈性模型Cauchy elastic model 拉特鄧肯模型Lade-Duncan model拉特屈服準(zhǔn)則Lade yield criterion理想彈塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model臨界狀態(tài)彈塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model流變學(xué)模型rheological model流動規(guī)則flow rule摩爾庫侖屈服準(zhǔn)則Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion內(nèi)蘊(yùn)時間塑性模型endochronic plastic model內(nèi)蘊(yùn)時間塑性理論endochronic theory年粘彈性模型viscoelastic model切線模量tangent modulus清華彈塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model屈服面yield surface沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 雙參數(shù)地基模型雙剪應(yīng)力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion雙曲線模型hyperbolic model松崗元中井屈服準(zhǔn)則Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion塑性形變理論談彈塑性模量矩陣elastoplastic modulus matrix談彈塑性模型elastoplastic modulus談彈塑性增量理論incremental elastoplastic theory談彈性半空間地基模型elastic half-space foundation model談彈性變形elastic deformation談彈性模量elastic modulus談彈性模型elastic model魏汝龍KhoslaWu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model文克爾地基模型Winkler foundation model修正劍橋模型modified cambridge model準(zhǔn)彈性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承載力沖剪破壞punching shear failure次層（臺）substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承載力bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基極限承載力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基允許承載力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基穩(wěn)定性stability of foundation soil漢森地基承載力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula極限平衡狀態(tài)state of limit equilibrium加州承載比（美國）California Bearing Ratio局部剪切破壞local shear failure臨塑荷載critical edge pressure梅耶霍夫極限承載力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula普朗特承載力理論P(yáng)randel bearing capacity theory斯肯普頓極限承載力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula太沙基承載力理論Terzaghi bearing capacity theory魏錫克極限承載力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula整體剪切破壞general shear failure11. 土壓力被動土壓力passive earth pressure被動土壓力系數(shù)coefficient of passive earth pressure極限平衡狀態(tài)state of limit equilibrium靜止土壓力earth pressue at rest靜止土壓力系數(shù)coefficient of earth pressur at rest庫侖土壓力理論Coulomb s earth pressure theory庫爾曼圖解法Culmannn construction朗肯土壓力理論Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯狀態(tài)Rankine state談彈性平衡狀態(tài)state of elastic equilibrium土壓力earth pressure主動土壓力active earth pressure主動土壓力系數(shù)coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡穩(wěn)定分析安息角（臺）angle of repose分析畢肖普法Bishop method 分析邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)safety factor of slope分析不平衡推理傳遞法unbalanced thrust transmission method分析費(fèi)倫紐斯條分法Fellenius method of slices分析庫爾曼法Culmann method分析摩擦圓法friction circle method分析摩根斯坦普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method分析鉛直邊坡的臨界高度critical height of vertical slope 分析瑞典圓弧滑動法Swedish circle method分析斯賓賽法Spencer method分析泰勒法Taylor method分析條分法slice method分析土坡slope分析土坡穩(wěn)定分析slope stability analysis 分析土坡穩(wěn)定極限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡穩(wěn)定極限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability分析休止角angle of repose分析揚(yáng)布普遍條分法Janbu general slice method分析圓弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的動力性質(zhì)比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity波的彌散特性dispersion of waves波速法wave velocity method 材料阻尼material damping 初始液化initial liquefaction地基固有周期natural period of soil site動剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils動力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq動力放大因素dynamic magnification factor動力性質(zhì)dynamic properties of soils動強(qiáng)度dynamic strength of soils 骨架波akeleton waves in soils幾何阻尼geometric damping 抗液化強(qiáng)度liquefaction stress孔隙流體波fluid wave in soil損耗角loss angle往返活動性reciprocating activity無量綱頻率dimensionless frequency液化liquefaction液化勢評價evaluation of liquefaction potential液化應(yīng)力比stress ratio of liquefaction應(yīng)力波stress waves in soils振陷dynamic settlement阻尼damping of soil 阻尼比damping ratio14. 擋土墻擋土墻retaining wall擋土墻排水設(shè)施擋土墻穩(wěn)定性stability of retaining wall垛式擋土墻扶垛式擋土墻counterfort retaining wall后垛墻（臺）counterfort retaining wall基礎(chǔ)墻foundation wall加筋土擋墻reinforced earth bulkhead錨定板擋土墻anchored plate retaining wall錨定式板樁墻anchored sheet pile wall錨桿式擋土墻anchor rod retaining wall懸壁式板樁墻cantilever sheet pile wall懸壁式擋土墻cantilever sheet pile wall重力式擋土墻gravity retaining wall15. 板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物板樁sheet pile 物板樁結(jié)構(gòu)sheet pile structure物鋼板樁steel sheet pile 物鋼筋混凝土板樁reinforced concrete sheet pile物鋼樁steel pile物灌注樁cast-in-place pile物拉桿tie rod物錨定式板樁墻anchored sheet pile wall物錨固技術(shù)anchoring物錨座Anchorage物木板樁wooden sheet pile物木樁timber piles物懸壁式板樁墻cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑開挖與降水板樁圍護(hù)sheet pile-braced cuts電滲法electro-osmotic drainage管涌piping 基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失穩(wěn)instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑圍護(hù)bracing of foundation pit 減壓井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)well point system噴射井點(diǎn)eductor well point鉛直邊坡的臨界高度critical height of vertical slope 砂沸sand boiling深井點(diǎn)deep well point真空井點(diǎn)vacuum well point支撐圍護(hù)braced cuts17. 淺基礎(chǔ)補(bǔ)償性基礎(chǔ)compensated foundation持力層bearing stratum次層（臺）substratum單獨(dú)基礎(chǔ)individual footing倒梁法inverted beam method剛性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation剛性基礎(chǔ)rigid foundation高杯口基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)埋置深度embeded depth of foundation基床系數(shù)coefficient of subgrade reaction基底附加應(yīng)力net foundation pressure交叉條形基礎(chǔ)cross strip footing接觸壓力contact pressure靜定分析法（淺基礎(chǔ)）static analysis (shallow foundation)殼體基礎(chǔ)shell foundation擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ)spread footing片筏基礎(chǔ)mat foundation淺基礎(chǔ)shallow foundation墻下條形基礎(chǔ)熱摩奇金法Zemochkin s method柔性基礎(chǔ)flexible foundation 上部結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis談彈性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation條形基礎(chǔ)strip footing下臥層substratum箱形基礎(chǔ)box foundation18. 深基礎(chǔ)貝諾托灌注樁Benoto cast-in-place pile波動方程分析Wave equation analysis場鑄樁（臺)cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁diving casting cast-in-place pile沉井基礎(chǔ)open-end caisson foundation沉箱基礎(chǔ)box caisson foundation成孔灌注同步